Index of Names

Numbers in italics indicate a main entry.

Abbo of Fleury 742 Al-Andalus 6, 7, 15, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 29, ʿAbdallāh al-Asīr 326 33, 34, 47-59, 184, 185, 305, 384, 593-94, ʿAbdallāh ibn al-Faḍl al-Anṭākī 748-49 690 ʿAbdallāh al-Tarjumān, see Fray Anselmo see also Iberian Peninsula, Spain Turmeda 326-29 Andrea Biglia 358-65, 412 ʿAbd al-Jabbār 640, 642, 667, 743 Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine Abra⁠ʾām (Ibrāhīm) al-Fānī 205, 226-28, emperor 71, 101, 133, 135, 165, 169, 709 289, 399 Andronicus III Palaeologus, Byzantine Abū ʿAbdallāh al-Baṣrī 741 emperor 71, 135, 165 168, 169, 170, 239 Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad, ‘Boabdil’, emir Andronicus IV Palaeologus, Byzantine of Granada 7, 15 emperor 8, 166, 247, 314 Abū l-Asbagh ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā al-Shaʿbānī Andronicus Iagaris 367 751 Anselmo Turmeda, Fray 326-29 Abū Bakr ibn al-ʿArabī 759 Apostles of Jesus 73, 92, 174, 304, 322, 393, Abū l-Barakāt ibn Kabar, Shams al-Riʾāsa 394, 433, 436, 438, 517, 610, 749 636, 685 Aq Quyunlu Turkomen 12, 13, 366, 550, Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī 735 553, 554, 555, 572, 576 Abū l-Hudhayl al-ʿAllāf 725 Aṙakʿel Bałišecʿi 346-50 Abū l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī 257, 744-45 Armenia and the Armenians 5, 12, 13, 15, Abū l-Qāsim al-Anṣārī 665-67 200, 207, 216, 217, 229, 232, 233, 250, 251, Abū Rāʾiṭa, Ḥabīb ibn Khidma 726 296, 309, 311, 312, 313, 339, 340, 346, 347, Abū Yaʿlā ibn al-Farrāʾ 651-54 348, 349, 361, 370, 371, 372, 373, 478, 485, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb 720-21 492, 513, 549, 551, 553, 554, 555, 624, 717, Adomnan of Iona 716 730, 738 Adrianople 2, 3, 145, 166, 170, 375, 376, Armenian language 199, 207, 216, 231, 377, 469, 503 250, 310, 311, 312, 339, 347, 370, 478, 549, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, see Pius II 553, 717, 724, 734, 738 359, 406, 407, 430, 448, 449, 450, 456-61, Al-Asʿad ibn al-ʿAssāl 684-89 491, 493, 559 Al-Ashʿarī, Abū l-Ḥasan 257, 735, 740 ʿAfīf ibn al-Makīn ibn Muʾammal 745 Al-Asnawī, ʿImād al-Dīn 187-88 Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr 351-52 Al-Asnawī, Jamāl al-Dīn 130-32, 143, 188 Aḥmad al-Rāzī 736-37 Aleppo 5, 11, 35, 37, 138 Baḥīrā 80, 156, 157, 296, 311, 411, 610 Alfonso II, king of Asturias 22 see Sergius Alfonso III, king of Leon 22 Al-Bājī 751-52 Alfonso V, king of Aragon 7, 402, 708 Al-Balkhī, Abū l-Qāsim 734-35 Alfonso X, king of Aragon 49, 58 Al-Bāqillānī, Abū Bakr 257, 419, 667, Alfonso Buonhombre 67-70 739-41 Alfonso de la Espina 451-55 Barhebraeus 63, 194, 195 ʿAlī al-Ṭabarī 328, 540, 641, 727, 745 Barqūq, Sayf al-Dīn, Mamluk sultan 5, 10, Alvise da Ca’ da Mosto 496-502 11, 283, 289, 361, 366, 380, 381, 398 Amadeus VI of Savoy 2, 6, 8, 245, 246 Barsbay al-Ashraf, Mamluk sultan 6, 10, ʿAmmār al-Baṣrī 726 366-69 Anastasius Bibliothecarius 361, 412 Barṣawmā l-ʿUryān 96, 114-18, 121, 204, Anastasius of Sinai 717 287 Anatolia 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 40, 106, 109, Basel, Council of 359, 360, 362, 421, 430, 214, 239, 363, 444, 551, 710, 711 432, 435, 438, 447 764 Index of Names

Bayazid I, Ottoman sultan 3, 8, 9, 171, 291, 271, 305, 315, 361, 362, 363, 364, 384, 406, 314, 315, 316, 322, 325, 343, 471, 484, 561 407, 410, 411, 412, 413, 417, 430, 434, 436, Bayazid II, Ottoman sultan 4, 5, 604 437, 443, 448, 449, 450, 451, 453, 454, Baybars I, Mamluk sultan 30, 39, 95, 120, 456, 457, 459, 491, 522, 523, 524, 547, 563, 280, 690 566, 567, 572, 574-77, 631, 636, 671, 680, Beauchamp, Richard, earl of Warwick 707, 712 589-91 Cyprus 5, 6, 11, 13, 27, 30, 67, 269, 334, 366, Benedetto Accolti 490-95 368, 527, 634, 700 Bertrandon de la Broquiere 443-46 Cyril III ibn Laqlaq, Coptic pope 682, 685 Al-Biqāʿī 394, 519, 520, 537-57 Al-Bīrūnī 747 Damascus 5, 11, 88, 119, 138, 142, 301, 380, ‘Boabdil’, emir of Granada 7, 15 381, 384, 411, 444, 445, 526, 537, 539, 643, Boccaccio, Giovanni 76-87, 210 645, 655, 665, 684, 698, 699, 700, 701, Boniface IX, pope 291 702, 703, 719, 731, 749 Dāniyāl al-Suryānī l-Mārdīnī 194-98 Cape Verde Islands 496, 498, 596, 598 Dante Alighieri 57, 71, 77, 78, 81, 210 Catalans 25, 27, 31, 168 St Demetrius 318, 356 Catalan language 49, 262, 265, 326, 327, Demetrius Chalcocondyles 481 466, 712 Demetrius Cydones 8, 175, 239-49, 720 Ceuta 7, 68, 182, 415, 690 Demetrius Palaeologus 9, 503, 530 Charles VII, king of France 407, 409-12, Devshirme 14, 220, 223 443, 447 Dhimmīs 11, 15, 88, 90, 116, 117, 125-27, 131, Chaucer, Geoffrey 210-13 188, 281, 377, 651, 675, 685 Clement V, pope 68, 706, 707, 712 Diogo Gomes 496, 596-600 Constance, Council of 447, 450 Dionysius the Carthusian 522-25 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Doucas 469-77, 486 Byzantine emperor 737 Duarte, king of Portugal 415 Constantine XI, Byzantine emperor 472, 481, 529, 533, 534 Edirne, see Adrianople Constantinople 1, 2, 3, 4, 14, 25, 36, 41, 43, Ephesus 71, 73, 74, 469, 503 71, 92, 101, 102, 104, 133, 137, 145, 151, 153, Ethiopia and Ethiopians 282, 283, 284, 165, 166, 168, 169, 189, 220, 239, 240, 245, 285, 384, 390-91, 705, 706, 707, 708 292, 296, 309, 314, 315, 322, 325, 330, 331, Ethiopian church 94, 349, 682 334, 336, 342, 343, 367, 406, 469, 470, 471, Ethiopian king 11, 39, 281, 282, 284, 399 472, 481, 482, 503, 506, 507, 513, 529, 533, Euthymius the Monk 338, 759 623, 659, 733 Constantinople, fall of 1, 4, 8, 9, 14, 331, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī 258, 301, 677 347, 407, 419, 420, 422, 427, 430, 433, 434, Fall of Constantinople 1, 4, 8, 9, 14, 330, 437, 456, 457, 471, 473, 481, 493, 503, 506, 347, 407, 419, 420, 422, 427, 430, 433, 434, 507, 513, 514, 515, 530, 532, 533, 563, 566, 437, 456, 457, 471, 473, 481, 493, 503, 506, 603 507, 513, 514, 515, 530, 532, 533, 563, 566, Corruption of the Bible 138, 140, 173, 257, 603 258, 296, 304, 306, 328, 404, 520, 539 Ferdinand II, king of Aragon 7, 403 see taḥrīf Ferrara-Florence, Council of 3, 368, 472, Council of Basel 359, 360, 362, 421, 430, 503, 529, 532 432, 435, 438, 447 Fifth crusade 679, 681 Council of Constance 447, 450 First crusade 42, 491, 492-94 Council of Ferrara-Florence 3, 368, 472, Florence 4, 76, 78, 83, 358, 359, 406, 407, 503, 529, 532 408, 490, 491, 493, 503, 705 Council of Mantua 448, 449, 450 Fourth crusade 470 Council of Pisa 291, 292 Francesco Filelfo 358, 406-14 Crusade of Varna 407, 530 Fray Anselmo Turmeda 326-29, 714 Crusades 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 24, 27, 28, 29, Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor 30, 30, 32, 33, 34, 56, 153, 154, 211, 269, 270, 32, 456, 673, 690, 691