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Le Parti Social Français, Des Ligues À Son Héritage Poujadiste En Sarthe (1932-1958) Adrien Champroux

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Le Parti Social Français, Des Ligues À Son Héritage Poujadiste En Sarthe (1932-1958) Adrien Champroux Le Parti social français, des ligues à son héritage poujadiste en Sarthe (1932-1958) Adrien Champroux To cite this version: Adrien Champroux. Le Parti social français, des ligues à son héritage poujadiste en Sarthe (1932-1958). Sciences de l’Homme et Société. 2019. dumas-03166466 HAL Id: dumas-03166466 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-03166466 Submitted on 11 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License 2018-2019 Master mention Histoire, Civilisations, Patrimoine Parcours : Société, Politiques et Religions Le Parti social français, des ligues à son héritage poujadiste en Sarthe (1932- 1958) Les transformations politiques et économiques de la Sarthe CHAMPROUX Adrien Photographie de la liste Union et Fraternité Française mené par Fernand Bone en Sarthe, Union, décembre 1955 : Archives Départementales de la Sarthe : 1134W538 : Documents de la préfecture sur l’organisation des législatives de 1956, A7 Samsung, avril 2019 Sous la direction de Monsieur TISON Stéphane Mémoire soutenu publiquement le 26/06/2019 SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 4 LISTE D’ABRÉVIATION ............................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction : la contestation ligueuse ........................................................................................................... 6 Une querelle historiographique ................................................................................................................ 10 Chapitre I : Les Croix-de-Feu et les Chemises Vertes, itinéraires des ligues ........................................... 15 Introduction : ............................................................................................................................................. 15 I.A- L’implantation de la ligue Croix-de-Feu ............................................................................................. 18 I.A.1- Un mouvement urbain .................................................................................................................... 18 I.A.2- Des actions de propagandes régulières ......................................................................................... 21 I.A.3- Une dépendance à l’égard de Paris ............................................................................................... 22 I.B-Le 6 février 1934, l’acmé ligueuse .......................................................................................................... 23 I.B.1- Absence de réactions des ligues ...................................................................................................... 24 I.B.2- Une population qui ne se préoccupe pas de ce qui se passe à Paris ............................................ 25 I.B.3- Le Front Populaire ou le chemin de la dissolution ....................................................................... 30 I.C- Les chemises vertes dorgéristes ............................................................................................................ 35 I.C.1- Une ligue dynamique ...................................................................................................................... 35 I.C.2- Les paysans sarthois rétifs ............................................................................................................. 40 I.C.3- Les limites des chemises vertes ...................................................................................................... 41 Conclusion de la première partie : ............................................................................................................... 42 Chapitre II : Des Croix-de-Feu au Parti social français ............................................................................ 43 Introduction : ................................................................................................................................................. 43 II.A-De la ligue au parti, la méfiance des autorités .................................................................................... 44 II.A.1- Organisation .................................................................................................................................. 44 II.A.2- Réaction de la presse lors de sa création ..................................................................................... 47 II.A.3- Une adhésion ligueuse ................................................................................................................... 49 II.B- De l’implantation aux élections ........................................................................................................... 51 II.B.1- Les élections cantonales et d’arrondissement de 1937 ............................................................... 51 II.B.2- Les élections municipales du Mans de 1938 ................................................................................ 58 II.B.3- Une menace pour la droite républicaine sarthoise ..................................................................... 62 II.C- La Seconde Guerre mondiale et la disparition du mouvement ........................................................ 64 II.C.1- Une activité militante qui s’essouffle ........................................................................................... 64 II.C.2- Juin 1940, la Sarthe passe sous le giron allemand ...................................................................... 66 II.C.3- La dissolution du parti en 1942 .................................................................................................... 68 Conclusion de la deuxième partie : .............................................................................................................. 70 Chapitre III : Le mouvement poujadiste, héritier du Parti social français ?........................................... 72 Introduction : ................................................................................................................................................. 72 III.A- Des similitudes entre les deux mouvements ...................................................................................... 75 2 III.A.1- L’organisation .............................................................................................................................. 76 III.A.2- Le répertoire d’actions ................................................................................................................ 81 III.A.3- Le discours politique populiste ................................................................................................... 83 III.B- Fernand Bone, symbole de cet héritage ............................................................................................ 85 III.B.1- Du militant PSF à la délégation de l’U.D.C.A. .......................................................................... 85 III.B.2- Les élections législatives de janvier 1956 ................................................................................... 86 III.B.3- Les élections syndicales et professionnelles ............................................................................... 94 III.C- Un mouvement divisé ......................................................................................................................... 96 III.C.1- Division au niveau parlementaire ............................................................................................... 96 III.C.2- Division au niveau local ............................................................................................................... 99 III.C.3- Un mouvement qui ne peut empêcher le changement de régime .......................................... 101 Conclusion du mémoire : ............................................................................................................................ 105 3 REMERCIEMENTS Tout d’abord, je remercie vivement les personnels et archivistes de la médiathèque Louis Aragon du Mans et des Archives départementales de la Sarthe pour leurs aides durant cette année de recherche. J’adresse également mes remerciements à mon directeur de mémoire, Monsieur Stéphane Tison, Maître de conférences en histoire contemporaine à l’Université du Mans, pour les moments passés pour nos échanges et réflexions. Remerciements à Monsieur Aurélien Ruellet, Maître de conférences en histoire moderne à l’Université du Mans, pour la numérisation des cartes du département de la Sarthe et de ses cantons. Remerciement à Monsieur Vincent Vilmain, Maître de conférences en histoire contemporaine à l’Université du Mans, pour sa disponibilité durant toute cette année et l’attention porté à nos travaux. Remerciements à Madame Elisabeth Cardon, doyenne du département d’Histoire de l’Institut Catholique de Rennes pour sa relecture attentive de ce mémoire,
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