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JANSSENS PALEAOPATHOLOGY PDF 2014.Pdf ' Speculations usually precede discovery. Suggestions and theories precede definite concepts.' ROY L. MOODIE Printed in Great Britain at THE CURWEN PRESS Plaistow London E. I 3 WU U CICICI CICICI ow 00 4- m- upw w u ow w+ mu+.- w - 21 SYPHILIS zz POLIOMYELITIS III 23 OTHER SPECIFIC INFECTIONS Plague Smallpox Leprosy Malaria Sleeping sickness Actinomycosis Goundou Verruga Peruana Plates Uta Cranial silhouette from a bell-beaker grave. Nigua 'Bog corpse' of the third to fifth century from Grauballe, Denmark. 24 DISEASES OF THE SOFT TISSUES plaster cast of a victim of the Vesuvius eruption. 25 MEDICAL VIEWS ON PREHISTORIC Flint knives used by Egyptian embalmers. REPRESENTATIONS OF HUMAN HANDS Goat horn, mounted in silver. 26 TREPANATION Bâton de commandement with engraved figures, made of deer horn. Sincipital-T. Bregma-Nerven Radiograph of a tibia. 27 THERAPY Piece of bone from the burial cave at Furfooz. Cremationremains froma burialmoundat Hogeloon, The Netherlands. CONCLUSION Part of a reindeer skull with characteristic opening caused by a GLOSSARY Lyngby axe (below). BIBLIOGRAPI-IY Diagram of the lesions on a skull from Rhodesia. INDEX Skull of a man with three impacted fractures. Skeleton of a miner. Four ulnae with well consolidated fractures. Radiographs of four ulnae. Human vertebra in which is lodged a Neolithic arrowhead. EIephas primigenius. Deer from cave of Covalanas, Spain. Arrowheads of the upper Solutrean culture. Arrowheads found in the Belgian Kempen, dating from the Neolithic period. Pieces of bows. Wooden shafts of arrows. Pitfall, partly surrounded by a series of dots. Tectiform figures with series of dots. Bison wounded in the belly by a stabbing weapon. The well-known hunting scene from the cave of Lascaux. Drawing of a baguette décorée. Decorated objea in reindeer horn. Decorated bird bone. Deer and fishes engraved on a piece of bone. Part of the sternum of a male skeleton found at Avennes. King Siptah's mummy. Femur affected by Paget's disease. ... Vlll Bilateral osteoporosis. Venus of Willendorf. Venus of Lespugue. Venus of El Pendo. Osteoma of the rib. Osteosarcoma. Osteitis of the whole lower jaw, originating from a dental abscess. Carcinoma of the rhino-pharynx. Tuberculum of Carabelli. Adult man with Aymara cranial deformation; also alveolar abscess of the mandible. Pott's disease. Pott's disease in a priest of Ammon. Tibiae with syphilitic lesions; tibiae and humerus with Human life is short. Man is small. He discovers the vastness of space identical lesions. through the objects around him. He supposes that time is infinite. Pre-Columbian skull with syphilitic lesions. The lack of accordance between the length of his existence and of the 'Boomerang leg' in a woman of forty from Central Australia. past and the future, stretching to eternit~,is the origin of his Stele of the Priest Ruma. philosophy. Yet his thinking in space and time is two- or three- Lesion in the leg of a boy of eight, the result of poliompelitis in early childhood. dimensional. If he looks for the end then he goes impulsively back to Negative drawing of a hand above the picture of a horse. the beginning, about which he has certain assumptions because of Representations of mutilated hands. written and oral traditions. He is aware of an evolution. This is not Representation of a mutilated hand. a constant process: there are ups and downs which confuse the mind Diagram of the most frequent mutilations at Gargas. and cause false conclusions to be drawn. The latter, supported by Congenital opening of the os parietale. centuries of tradition, cal1 forth critical judgment. It is this criticism Skull with a case of dysostosis cleido-cranialis. which compelled mediaeval man (now purged), to go back to the Meningocoele. source: here is not so much the rebirth as the birth of Free Inquiry. Tuberculosis of the cranial roof. This critical spirit has permeated al1 levels of science and stood out Syphilis of the cranial roof. against dogmatism. It carried with it every scientist - clergy as well Dermoid cyst. as lay. The centuries of stagnation at all levels, a result of the flower- Metastases of a cancer of the thyroid gland. Healed trepanation opening. ing of Christianit~,were in principle against free inquiry. Medicine Diagram of a Neolithic skull. perhaps suffered most from this. Nevertheless it was the monks of Radiograph of a trepanation opening. Monte Cassino who, without hesitation, provided the necessary Pseudo-trepanation. Peruvian skull with a big fistula as a result documents from their library for renewed study, which reached its of pansinusitis. culmination in the work of the Belgian Vesalius in the sixteenth Front view of a Pre-Columbian skull with five trepanation holes. century. It was a Swiss doctor from Zurich, J-J Scheuchzer, who Peruvian mummy with a trepanation hole. claimed to have found Homo diIwii testis among certain fossils. We Trepanations made by a sawing technique. cannot accuse these deeply religious men of apostasy: they tried to Flint compasses. find evidence of the Divine Word in a way typical of their age, and Skull with enormous trepanation. reached the inevitable conclusion: the division of belief and science, Skull with sincipital-T. so that each might supplement the other. Ofnet skull no. 21. Reindeer standing oirer a pregnant woman. Scheuchzer's (unknowing) mistake is typical and illustrates what Dr Gaussen showing his Magdalenian hut. might best be put in the .form of a proverb: 'Today's truth is to- Corset of bark. morrow'~mistake, today's rnistake is tomorrow's truth.' FOREWORD FOREWORD We can only regard as laudable the Irish bishop James Usher's deviations among the pieces which he is given to study. Thus, modest attempt at working out, in the I 6 j os, the date of the creation together with prehistory and anthropology, palaeopathology came of Adam as 22 March, 4004 B.C. Darwin too had a modest nature, into being. It is hardly necessary to point out that the geologist, who though it is difiicult to believe this of the man who worked out the studies the layers in the earth, the botanist who analyses pollen, the idea of evolution: that over the countless years more developed physidst who performs the C 14 test, have become essential to the types had evolved from primitive forms. Where was creation now ? full investigation of archaeological excavations. We must remember that Lamarck, his French precursor, had his For this reason 1 have presumed, in the course of this text, to give theory quashed by the brilliant pseudo-arguments of Cuvier. We some consideration to and short explanations of these connected know now that neither Lamarck nor Cuvier was right. Even sciences, so that the reader need not consult special books in order Darwin's work has only a relative value, othenvise we should never to fiid his way in the labyrinth of time and cultural stages. have found it necessary to speak of mutation theory. Whle reading the work of my colleague Dr Charles More1 on With the work of Darwin, and even more of his fervent supporter palaeopath~l~gyamong his fellow countrymen 1 was struck by the Huxley, dogmatism received a severe blow, in spite of the fact that respect the writer shows towards his predecessors, such as the great Samuel Wilberforce, bishop of Oxford, thought it necessary to Prunières, whom he calls the first palaeopathologist. 1feel a similar ridicule the evolution theory by asking whether Huxley claimed regard for Belgium: were not the finds at Spy decisive in deterrnining descent from a monkey on his grandfather's or his grandmother's the existence of the separate race of Neanderthal men? Did not side. With this the Gordian knot was cut, and the way was open for Schmerling, professor of the university of.Liège, devote a book to investigation of the past to become a separate discipline - the study the palaeopathology of prehistoric animals in I 8 3 3, at a time when of prehistory. To describe the lack of understanding towards the prehistoric man was still not regarded as 'real'? Schmerling was first investigators would itself be sufficient material for a book: we also repudiated by his contemporaries - themselves the victirns of need only mention the tragedies of Boucher de Perthes and De the dictatorial Cuvier. But today Schmerling's works are found to be Sautuola in the field of prehistory, of Dubois and Fühlrott in the of scientific value, even though conditions such as avitaminosis, for field of anthropology. Fortunately such injustices have been made instance, were still discoveries for the future. It is no more than just good in our day, and figures such as Emile Cartailhac, and Rudolf to place Schmerling in the foreground and give him the attention he Virchow are still great: Cartailhac because of his Mea ca@a of a deserves: after all, he won his spurs in palaeopathology earlier than Sceptic to De Sautuola, who discovered the Spanish glacial era art Prunières. in the cave of Altamira, and Virchow - prince of anatomo-pathology Not that 1 wish to judge Prunières in any way. On the contrary (although he described the Neanderthal skull as 'diseased'). he is and will remain a great figure: great in life as a palaeopatho- We are no longer so prejudiced, and have become so careful in logist, and great too as a doaor in death - he froze to death in the our interpretations that we hold on to absolutely everything that course of carrying out his work. we recover from a prehistoric site, so that something is still around Not only Prunières ended his life in an unnatural way. Fate does tomorrow even if it seems without value today.
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