Urban Displacement in Iraq: a Preliminary Analysis

Home , Halabja, Khanaqin District, Kifri, Kufa, Mosul District

Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Kalar Baiji Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit Salah Al-Din Kifri Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Samarra Khanaqin Diyala Anbar Al-Thethar Al-Khalis

Balad Al-Muqdadiya

Heet Al-Fares URBAN DISPLACEMENT INTarmia IRAQ: Ba'quba Baladrooz A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS Adhamia Kadhimia Al-Rutba Ramadi Thawra1 Falluja Abu Ghraib Al Resafa Karkh Mada'in Badra Baghdad IOM IRAQ Mahmoudiya Wassit Al-Azezia URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

As the context in Iraq shifts from a humanitarian emergency to a protracted displacement crisis, more than 1.4 million people remain displaced throughout the country as of December 2019.1

Further information is required to better understand the underlying The assessment will take into consideration geographic linkages to causes of protracted displacement and the actions needed to enable areas of origin; obstacles to return including demographic changes; the durable solutions – whether to return to areas of origin (AoO), integrate presence of armed actors and ethno-religious tensions; and the potential into areas of displacement (AoD), or move to a third location. IOM for durable solutions to displacement, including local integration. The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), the Returns Working Group findings generated from this project will assist both the government (RWG) and Social Inquiry (SI) have been working toward this objective, and the international community to better identify and target IDPs for producing in November 2018 the first report “Reasons to Remain: appropriate assistance, as well as to better advocate for recognizing IDPs’ Categorizing Protracted Displacement in Iraq,” which established a preferred durable solutions to long-term displacement. categorization framework for protracted displacement to enable future The project is divided into two stages: 1) an in-depth analysis of available study. This report was followed by a number of publications on this topic, data to examine existing knowledge at the location level (concentrating aiming among other things to identify the number of internally displaced on urban centres) and establishment of a baseline for comparison, and persons (IDPs) that fall into each category, where they can be found, 2) a representative household-level survey of ten urban centres hosting and most importantly, where they are from.2 Nonetheless, information significant numbers of out-of-camp IDPs. These factsheets include the first gaps remain in terms of understanding displacement in urban contexts stage’s outputs, while the second stage will start in February 2020 and aim where a large proportion of IDP families are concentrated throughout at generating actionable data for future evidence-based planning. Based the country. on the different methodologies used in both stages, the findings in these To address this gap, DTM now aims to establish a breakdown of the factsheets should be read as an indicative baseline only. Another project remaining out-of-camp IDP caseload in the main urban centres of will be conducted concurrently with this research to examine attitudes displacement to better understand the potential for durable solutions.3 of IDP-hosting communities toward IDPs in protracted displacement in Ten urban locations across eight of the main governorates of displacement their areas. This assessment will include both IDPs and host community have been selected for the assessment: Erbil city, Mosul city, Kirkuk city, members across a larger cross-section of urban locations, allowing for Sulaymaniyah metropolitan, Baghdad city + Abu Graib, Zakho town, a broader country-wide look at the potential for durable solutions to Dahuk city, Tooz Khormatu town, Tikrit city and Baquba city. displacement.

METHODOLOGY

Ten urban locations were selected for the assessment: Erbil city, Mosul city, These rates of change highlight the fluidity of IDP arrivals and departures Kirkuk city, Sulaymaniyah metropolitan, Baghdad city + Abu Graib, Zakho between December 2018 (ML 107) and December 2019 (ML 113). town, Dahuk city, Tooz Khormatu town, Tikrit city and Baquba city.4 These A variety of indicators are used throughout the factsheets to demonstrate locations were selected for the sample based on the presence and varied the level of service provision and perceptions of safety, security and profiles of out-of-camp IDPs. The data presented in these factsheets is social cohesion in the assessed locations. A composite index has been taken primarily from the Integrated Location Assessment (ILA) IV from developed to better understand access to infrastructure and services, and October 2019 and the Master List (ML) round 113 conducted from the indicators listed in Table 1 below were considered. All indicators were November to December 2019. Both assessments rely on collecting weighted with the number of IDPs and returnees living in the location information from a broad network of key informants (KIs). The ML is where the issue was reported to determine the severity of conditions in updated on a bi-monthly basis through field visits conducted by the each location, using a three-point scale of high severity, medium severity Rapid Assessment and Response Teams (RARTs) who identify and verify and low severity. For the assessed services/facilities to be considered as IDPs’ location, number, wave of displacement and shelter type.5 The ILA adequate, the location had to fulfill the following eight criteria: collects information on IDP families living in locations identified through the ML, including reasons for displacement, future intentions and feelings • Electricity/water: at least 75 per cent of residents at the location were of safety and security in locations of displacement. Additionally, the connected to the public electricity network, and at least 75 per cent factsheets show the rate of change for the IDP population for each of the had tap water running. locations, as well as for the formally managed IDP camps in the locations.

1 From a peak of 3.4 million in June 2017 - IOM DTM. 2 IOM DTM, 2019, Reasons to Remain: An in-depth analysis of the main districts of displacement. Available from: https://iraq.iom.int/publications/ protracted-displacement-study-depth-analysis-main-districts-displacement; IOM DTM, 2019, Reasons to Remain Part 2: Determinants of IDP integration into host communities in Iraq. Available from: https://iraq.iom.int/publications/ reasons-remain-part-2-determinants-idp-integration-host-communities-iraq 3 In-camp IDPs are not included in the scope of this study. 4 The order of the city factsheets is based on the size of their IDP population, with the cities hosting a higher number of IDPs presented first. 5 Shelter type includes identification of critical shelters, which include informal settlements, religious buildings, schools and unfinished or abandoned buildings. For returnees, critical shelter also includes habitual residences that are severely damaged or destroyed and for IDPs, long-term rental accommodations that are unfit for habitation (having characteristics of unfinished or severely damaged buildings). 2 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

• Primary and secondary schools, health clinics, hospitals and markets: To better understand safety and security, the indicators listed in Table these institutions were present and functional within 5km, with the 2 were used, while levels of social cohesion were evaluated using the hospital within 10km. indicators in Table 3.

• Legal services for Housing, Land and Property (HLP) issues and

offices for the replacement of civil documentation: these services were functional and present within the district.

Table 1. Infrastructure and Services Index Table 2. Safety and Security

75-100% of HHs have electricity Security incidents (excluding petty crime) 75-100% of HHs have water Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions Access to waste collection Security cited among main needs Access to latrines Location has been attacked or occupied A functional primary school within 5km A functional secondary school within 5km Table 3. Social Cohesion A functional health clinic within 5km Favouritism in employment/assistance/political representation/access to A functional hospital within 10km services A functional market within 5km Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome An office for replacement of civil documentation in the subdistrict IDPs needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement Legal services for HLP in the subdistrict

Map 1. Selected Urban Centres

Zakho town .! Zakho Amedi Dahuk Mergasur Dahuk Soran Sumel.! Dahuk city Akre Al-Shikhan Choman Telafar Tilkaif Shaqlawa

Sinjar .! Al-Hamdaniya Erbil Rania Mosul city .! Pshdar Zakho town .! Zakho Ninewa Mosul Erbil city Dokan Amedi Koisnjaq Dahuk Mergasur Erbil Dahuk Soran Sumel.!Sharbazher Makhmur Sulaymaniyah Penjwin Al-Ba'aj KirkukDahuk city Akre Dabes Al-Shikhan Choman KirkukTelafar cityTilkaif.! Hatra Al-Shirqat .! SulaymaniyahShaqlawa Citycity Kirkuk Sulaymaniya .! Al-Hamdaniya Rania SinjarDaquq Chamchamal Erbil Pshdar Al-Hawiga Halabja MosulDarbandikhan city .! NinewaTooz KhurmatuMosul townErbil city Dokan Koisnjaq Baiji Tikrit .! Kalar Erbil Sharbazher Ra'ua Makhmur Penjwin Tikrit city Tooz Sulaymaniyah .! Al-Ba'aj Dabes Kirkuk Salah Al-Din Kifri Kirkuk city .! Hatra Al-Shirqat .! Sulaymaniyah Citycity Al-Daur Kirkuk Sulaymaniya Samarra Khanaqin Daquq Chamchamal Al-Ka'im Al-Hawiga Halabja Darbandikhan Haditha Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Tooz Khurmatu town Ana Balad Baiji Tikrit .! Kalar Heet Al-Fares Ra'ua .! Diyala Tarmia Al-MuqdadyaBaqubah Tikrit city city Tooz Ba'quba .! Baladrooz Kifri Kadhimia Salah Al-Din Al-Daur Ramadi ! Mada’in Baghdad. Samarra Khanaqin Anbar Al-Ka'im Baghdad & Abu Graib MahmoudiyaHaditha Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Falluja Al-Azezia Badra Ana Al-Suwaira Balad Heet Al-Fares .! Diyala Kerbala Al-Mahawil Tarmia Al-MuqdadyaBaqubah city Al-Hindiya Ba'quba Al-Rutba Al-Na'maniyaWassit Baladrooz Ain Al-TamurKerbala Babylon Kut Kadhimia Ali Al-Gharbi Hilla Ramadi Baghdad.! Mada’in Anbar Hashimiya Baghdad & Abu Graib Al-Hai Kufa Falluja Mahmoudiya Amara Diwaniya Afaq Al-Azezia Badra Al-Suwaira Al-ManatheraQadissiya Missan

Al-Shamiya Al-Mejar Al-Kabir KerbalaAl-Rifa'i Al-Mahawil Al-Hindiya Al-Rutba Al-Maimouna Al-KahlaQal'atAl-Na'maniya SalehWassit Hamza Al-RumaithaAin Al-TamurKerbala Babylon Kut .! Selected urban centers Ali Al-Gharbi Al-ShatraHilla Hashimiya Al-Samawa Al-Hai District boundaries Al-Khidhir Thi-QarKufa Amara Diwaniya Afaq Nassriya Al-Midaina Najaf Al-ManatheraQadissiya Missan Suq Al-Shoyokh Al-Shamiya Al-Mejar Al-Kabir Governorate boundaries Al-Qurna Al-Rifa'i Najaf Al-Maimouna Al-KahlaQal'at Saleh Hamza Al-Rumaitha .! Selected urban centers Al-Chibayish Basrah 0 40 80 160 Basrah Shatt Al-Arab Al-Shatra Kilometers Al-Samawa Abu Al-Khaseeb District boundaries Al-Khidhir Thi-Qar Muthanna Al-Zubair Nassriya Al-Midaina Najaf Fao Data Source : Suq Al-Shoyokh Governorate boundaries Al-Salman Al-Qurna Administrative Boundaries : OCHA (Modiﬁed) Najaf

Al-Chibayish Basrah This map is for illustration purpose only. The boundar-0 40 80 160 Basrah Shatt Al-Arab ies and names shown and the designations used on this Kilometers Abu Al-Khaseeb map do not imply oﬃcial endoresement or acceptance by the International Organization for Migration Muthanna Al-Zubair Fao Data Source : Al-Salman Administrative Boundaries : OCHA (Modiﬁed)

This map is for illustration purpose only. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply oﬃcial endoresement or acceptance by the International Organization for Migration

3 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

The factsheets include, among other data, the IDP caseload, districts of origin, ethno-religious composition, length of displacement, and the rate of change for each location as well as for the formally managed IDP camps in the locations. Each city is classified into various categories for each of these indicators. The classifications used for each indicator can be found in Tables 4-8 below.

Table 4. City IDP Population

High recipient City hosting 10% or more of the total caseload of current non-camp IDPs in Iraq Medium recipient City hosting between 3% and 10% of the total caseload of non-camp IDPs Low recipient City hosting less than 3% of the total caseload of non-camp IDPs

Table 5. Rate of change in IDP population

This indicator relates to the proportion of IDPs who have moved in or out of the city between December 2018 and December 2019. A minus (-) sign in front of the percentage indicates a decrease of IDPs while a plus (+) sign indicates an increase of IDPs during the reporting period.

City with a rate of change for the displaced population of less than 10%, indicating that IDPs are not (or Stationary only very slowly) moving out of their location of displacement

Fairly stationary City with a rate of change for the displaced population between 10% and 20%

Fairly dynamic City with a rate of change for the displaced population between 20% and 30%

City with a rate of change for the displaced population above 30%, indicating that IDPs have been rapidly Dynamic or very rapidly moving out of their location of displacement

Table 6. Districts of origin

Homogeneous City with 80% or more of the IDPs coming from the same district of origin

Fairly homogeneous City with between 50% and 80% of the IDPs coming from the same district of origin

Heterogeneous City with no majority group found in terms of district of origin

Table 7. Ethno-religious composition

Homogeneous City in which 80% or more of the IDPs belong to the same ethno-religious group

Fairly homogeneous City in which 50% to 80% of the IDPs belong to the same ethno-religious group

Heterogeneous City with no majority group found in terms of ethno-religious composition

Table 9. Length of displacement

Homogeneous City in which 80% or more of the IDPs displaced within the same time period

Fairly homogeneous City in which 50% to 80% of the IDPs displaced within the same time period

Heterogeneous City with no majority group found in terms of time of displacement

Protracted Displacement IDPs who fled before October 2016

4 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji ERBIL CITY Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din 6 CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Erbil city is the largest recipient of IDPs and hosts nearly 125,000 indi- 124,614 Individuals Low Recipient viduals, representing 12 per cent of the out-of-camp population Samarra– three 20,769 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin quarters of whom are settled in the two sub-districts of Markaz Erbil (12% of total out-of-camp IDPs) High Recipient (39%) and Banslaw-Kasnazan (35%). IDPs are distributed quite evenly across the city and only two larger clusters of around 9,500 individuals Diyala Anbar RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION each were found at Zaiton Collective (Banslawa-Qushtappa sub-district)Al-Thethar Al-Khalis and Zanko (Markaz Erbil sub-district). Stationary +9% IDPs Fairly Stationary The displacement situation is “fairly stationary” – similar to most cities Balad (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) – but Erbil has also recorded an FairlyAl-Muqdadiya Dynamic inflow of IDPs since December 2018 (+9%, around 10,000 individuals), Dynamic Heet who mostly resettled in Zanko in Markaz Erbil sub-district, as well as Al-Fares in other locations in the outskirts of the city such as Ainkawa, Lebanon DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Tarmia Village, Rustm Palace Centre, Andazyaran, Awewney Shar and Zaiton 37% Mosul 7% Falluja Homogeneous Ba'quba Collective. The largest outflow was recorded in Hay Askari, where nearly 20% Ramadi 6% Kirkuk Fairly Homogeneous Baladrooz 3,500 IDPs left the location of displacement. 8% Tikrit 22% other Adhamia Heterogeneous Kadhimia IDPsAl-Rutba in Erbil are very diverse in terms of areas of origin and period of displacement. Around half of current IDPs arrivedRamadi before September ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONThawra1 2014, with more IDPs arriving in successive waves of displacement until Falluja Abu Ghraib Al Resafa Homogeneous December 2018. IDPs are mostly from Mosul (37%) and Ramadi (20%), 86% Arab Sunni Karkh Mada'in but there are smaller groups of IDPs from nearly all governorates of 11% Kurdish Sunnis Fairly Homogeneous Badra origin, aside from Babylon and Erbil itself. Nearly three fourths of IDPs 3% other BaghdadHeterogeneous have been displaced for more than three years, and more recent IDPs Mahmoudiya Wassittended to resettle in the sub-district of Banslaw-Kasnazan. Al-Azezia LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT 73% Protracted DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Homogeneous 34% June–July 2014

Amedi Dahuk Mergasur Sumel Soran 19% 17 October 2016–July 2017 Akre Telafar Al-Shikhan Fairly Homogeneous Choman Tilkaif Shaqlawa 14% Pre-June 2014

Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Rania Pshdar Erbil 13% April 2015–February 2016 Mosul Ninewa Koisnjaq Heterogeneous Erbil Dokan Makhmur 20% other Sharbazher Penjwin Dabes Kirkuk Al-Ba'aj Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Darbandikhan Al-Hawiga Daquq Chamchamal Halabja Nearly all IDPs in Erbil city are Arab Sunnis (86%, 11% are Kurdish

Baiji Kalar Tooz Sunnis and the rest are Chaldean Christians, Yazidis or Turkmen Sunnis). Ra'ua Tikrit Salah al-Din Kifri The ethno-religious composition of some neighbourhoods has changed Haditha Al-Daur Samarra Khanaqin Al-Ka'im due to these arrivals; few previously exclusively Kurdish neighbourhoods Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Ana Balad Diyala Al-Muqdadiya Heet Al-Fares have now become predominantly Arab Sunni or mixed (4 locations). Anbar Ramadi Tarmia AdhamiaBa'quba Al-Rutba Baladrooz Falluja Kadhimia The presence of Chaldean Christians has also increased in Markaz Erbil Al Resafa Abu GhraibBaghdad Karkh Mada'in City of Displacement Al-Rutba District of Origin Mahmoudiya sub-district. District boundaryBadra Al-Azezia 5 - 664 Governorate boundary Erbil City Al-Musayab Al-Suwaira 665 - 1,596 :Kerbala 0 65 130 Kilometers 1,597- 7,528 Ain Al-Tamur Al-Hindiya

6 Data on ethno-religious affiliation, intentions, infrastructure and services and social cohesion are from ILA IV - hence information is missing for 32 locations of the total 93 because they were not assessed.

5 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

At city-level, those who intend to return in the long term outnumber those 38 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) wishing to locally integrate (57% versus 43%). Still, the portion of those planning to return is low compared to the national average (78%). This low 38% Return to their areas of origin

propensity to return may be linked to the fact that IDPs in Erbil city are 57 100 the most likely to consider their current living conditions to be better than Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) those they would have at home in terms of services (including education 57% Return to their areas of origin and health care) and/or livelihood opportunities. Home destruction was mentioned only very rarely, while in about 10 per cent of locations IDPs reported ‘fear as a result of the changed ethno-religious composition at origin’. The presence of extended family and/or friends is also a strong pull factor for IDPs willing to integrate locally.

IDP Population Density in Erbil City

ril city

ril Households

10 - 115

116 - 251

252 - 405

406 - 700

701 - 1563

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs Top Districts of Origin

1% 2 Camps 40% Al-Ba’aj in urban centre 99% 27% Mosul PRIVATE SETTINGS 13% Sinjar (123,504 INDIVIDUALS) 1,236 Families (2% of total in-camp IDPs) 11% Al Hamdaniya 1% 4% Tikrit CRITICAL SHELTERS 99% (1,110 INDIVIDUALS) +2% Rate of Change 2% Baiji (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019 ) 99+1A 1% Ramadi

6 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and service provision rating in Erbil city was relatively The level of security in Erbil city appears to be adequate: security low: only three quarters of the assessed locations reported adequate incidents included only some cases of petty crime. However, security

access100 25 – i.e. access to at least eight key infrastructures and services. is much more commonly reported to be among main needs than the national average.

25% of locations do not have adequate access The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 0 This result is mostly due to the widespread lack of legal services and Security incidents (excluding petty crime) offices for the replacement of civil documentation within the loca- 0% tion, as confirmed by the large share of IDPs in need of both services. 100 2 All other single indicators scored higher than the national average, Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions as presented in the ILA IV report. However, inadequate access to 2% water and electricity was reported in nine locations overall – all in 100 39 Banslaw-Kasnazan sub-district. Security cited among main needs

39% The majority of households have access to: 100 0

Electricity100 85 Location has been attacked or occupied

0% 85%

Water100 84

84% SOCIAL COHESION Waste100 93 collection

93% IDPs do not seem to enjoy a high level of inclusion, and favouritism in access to employment and/or political representation and/or services

Latrines100 92 was reported in around 20 per cent of locations. In all locations, either

92% all or most IDPs can move freely, but in 80 per cent of locations some of them first needed to obtain a special permit.

An100 0 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district

0% The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 A functional market within 5km Favouritism100 21 in employment/assistance/political representation/access to services

100% 21% 100 95 A primary school within 5km 100 0 Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome

95% 0%

A100 85 secondary school within 5km

IDPs100 80 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement 85% 80%

A100 97 health clinic within 5km

97%

A100 82 hospital within 10km

82%

Legal100 7 services for HLP within the sub-district

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator. 7 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji MOSUL CITY Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din 7 CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Mosul city hosts a “medium” share of almost 105,000 individuals, 10 per 104,604 Individuals Low Recipient

cent of the total out-of-camp population. IDPs are distributedSamarra evenly 17,434 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin throughout the 86 locations of Markaz Mosul sub-district, with two large (10% of total out-of-camp IDPs) High Recipient groups settled in the locations of Al Rasheediya (9%) and Al-Karamah (7%). Diyala Anbar RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION Al-Thethar Al-Khalis The situation in the city can be defined as “dynamic”: overall, the number Stationary of IDPs has decreased by 35 per cent since December 2018 (about -35% IDPs Fairly Stationary 56,000 individuals). The largest outflows were recorded from the loca- Balad (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) Fairly Dynamic tions of Al-Noor, Hay Falistine and Al-Taheer. Around 15,000 new IDPs Al-Muqdadiya have also arrived in the city within the same timeframe – mostly to Dynamic Heet Ninewa Sharqiya, Hay Alalam, Hay Alsedeeq and Al-Karamah. Al-Fares DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Most IDPs in Mosul city are ‘recent’ IDPs, i.e. they have been displaced Tarmia since October 2016, the operations to retake the city began – only 18 46% Mosul 5% Tilkaif Homogeneous 28% Telafar 6% other Ba'quba per cent of households left their place of origin in June–August 2014. Fairly Homogeneous Baladrooz 15% Sinjar Nearly all IDPs are originally from within the governorate: nearly half Adhamia Heterogeneous Kadhimia areAl-Rutba from Mosul district (46%) and the rest are from the bordering districts of Telafar (28%), Sinjar (15%) and Tilkaif (5%).Ramadi The high share ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONThawra1 of intra-district displacement can be linked to movements from the Falluja Abu Ghraib Al Resafa Homogeneous western to the eastern part of the city, which suffered a lesser degree 79% Arab Sunnis Karkh Mada'in of destruction to housing and public infrastructure.8 20% Turkmen Sunnis Fairly Homogeneous Badra 1% other BaghdadHeterogeneous Mahmoudiya WassitDISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Al-Azezia LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT

Zakho Dahuk Amedi Mergasur Dahuk Soran Homogeneous Sumel 29% Protracted Soran Choman Al-Shikhan Akre Telafar Choman Tilkaif 71% 17 October 2016–June 2017 Shaqlawa Pshdar Fairly Homogeneous 18% August 2014 Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Erbil Rania Pshdar Mosul Erbil 11% other Koisnjaq Heterogeneous Ninewa Dokan

Makhmur Sulaymaniyah

Dabes Al-Ba'aj Sulaymaniya Nearly all IDPs are Sunnis: 79% Arab and 20% Turkmen. Hatra Al-Shirqat Kirkuk

Kirkuk Chamchamal Al-Hawiga Daquq Al-Hawiga Ra'ua Salah al-Din Daquq Anbar Baiji Kalar Tooz City of Displacement District of OriginRa'ua Tikrit District boundary Governorate boundary Al-Ka'im Ra'ua5 - 757 Haditha Baiji Kifri Mosul City Al-Daur 758 - 4,629 0 40 80 Tooz : Tikrit Al-Ka'im Haditha Kilometers Khanaqin 4,630 - 7,466 Heet Ana Samarra Al-Khalis

7 Data on ethno-religious affiliation, intentions, infrastructure and services and social cohesion are from ILA IV - hence information is missing for four locations of the total 86 because they were not assessed.

8 In addition, Mosul district includes an extended area consisting of the subdistricts of Hamam al-Aleel, Shoura, Muhalabiya, Qayyara and Bashiqa. Displacement from these areas has been significant, with many returns still pending.

8 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Intentions to return in Mosul city are highly prevalent, but only in the long 11 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) term (89%). The circumstances of the displaced population can explain the lower prevalence of intentions to return in the short term (11%). House 11% Return to their areas of origin

destruction together with lack of means to return/restart and lack of live- 89 100 lihood opportunities were the most reported obstacles to return. Fear as Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) a result of the changed ethno-religious composition of the place of origin 89% Return to their areas of origin was mostly reported in locations where IDPs from Sinjar are present.

IDP Population Density in Mosul City

Tilkaif

Mosul city

Al-Hamdaniya

Mosul

Mosul Households

5 - 99

100 - 223

224 - 473

474 - 830

831 - 1560

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs

<1% 91% PRIVATE SETTINGS 9% (94,848 INDIVIDUALS) 0 Camps in urban centre 9% CRITICAL SHELTERS No IDP families (8,994 INDIVIDUALS) living in formal IDP camps 91% <1% OTHER 90+91A (762 INDIVIDUALS)

9 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and service rating in Mosul city is acceptable Security incidents other than petty crime were reported only in five overall: all locations have adequate access – i.e. access to at least locations (Al Sahiroon, Al-Mothana, Al-Shurta, Hay Al Islah Al Zirai

eight100 0 key infrastructures and services. and Zanjili). However, tensions relating to the potential occurrence 100 83 of armed clashes, revenge, ISIL or ethno-religious tensions are high.

0% of locations do not have adequate access The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 6 The only issue is the lack of offices for the replacement of civil docu- Security incidents (excluding petty crime) mentation within the sub-district. Around one in ten households is 6% currently settled in critical shelters – around half of which can be 100 94 found in the three locations of Al Harmaat, Al-Maamon, and Al Tanak. Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions 94%

The majority of households have access to: Security100 4 cited among main needs 100 Electricity100 4% 100% Location100 has been attacked or occupied 100 Water100 100% 100% 100 Waste100 collection

100% SOCIAL COHESION 100 100 Latrines100 The positive assessment in terms of infrastructure and services is 100% matched by a positive rating in terms of social cohesion. While there 100 1

An100 0 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district was a greater number of concerns reported than in other areas overall, the concerns reported were less severe. IDPs feel welcome 0%

in all locations, and no threats/attacks towards them were reported. 100 6

A100 functional market within 5 km IDPs also seem to enjoy a high level of inclusion and favouritism in access to employment and/or services (including aid) and/or political 100%

representation was virtually not reported. IDPs overall reported that 100 0 100 A100 primary school within 5 km either most or all can move freely with a special permit.

100% The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 94 100 A100 secondary school within 5 km

Favouritism100 1 in employment/assistance/political representation/access to services 100%

1% 100 4 100 A100 health clinic within 5 km 100 0 Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome 100%

0% 100 100 A100 hospital within 10 km

IDPs100 0 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement 100% 100 0 100 Legal100 services for HLP within the sub-district 0%

100%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator.

10 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji KIRKUK CITY Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Kirkuk city hosts aproximately 73,000 individuals, nearly 7 per cent of 72,984 Individuals Low Recipient

the total out-of-camp population. IDPs are distributed evenly throughoutSamarra 12,164 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin the 38 locations of Markaz Kirkuk sub-district, with an additional large (7% of total out-of-camp IDPs) High Recipient cluster settled in the location of Hay Al Jamia-Mahalla (18%). Diyala AnbarThe situation in the city can be defined as “stationary”: significant RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION Al-Thethar Al-Khalis outflows were recorded only in a few locations – Al Faylaq, Al Taakhi, Stationary Amal Al Shaabi, Hay Al-Askari, Hay Al-Urooba, Hay Rasheed (Domiz) -4% IDPs Fairly Stationary and Rahim Awa – whereas large inflows occurred in Hay Al Jamia- Balad (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) Fairly Dynamic Mahalla and Panja Ali. Overall, the number of IDPs has decreased by only Al-Muqdadiya 4 per cent since December 2018 (around 3,000 individuals). Dynamic Heet Al-Fares Around three quarters of IDPs in Kirkuk city have been in displacement DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN for more than three years (75%). An additional 15 per cent displaced Tarmia 51% Al-Hawiga due to movements along the Mosul corridor after October 2016, and Homogeneous 16% Tooz Ba'quba 10 per cent displaced during the change in the security and administra- 8% Mosul Fairly Homogeneous Baladrooz tion configuration in the disputed territories after July 2017. Adhamia Heterogeneous 25% other Kadhimia Al-Rutba Ramadi ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONThawra1 DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Al Resafa Falluja Abu Ghraib Homogeneous Amedi Mergasur SumelDahuk Karkh Al-Shikhan Akre Mada'in Telafar Soran 94% Arab Sunnis Tilkaif Choman Fairly Homogeneous Shaqlawa Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya RaniaPshdar 6% other Badra Erbil Mosul Erbil Ninewa Koisnjaq Dokan BaghdadHeterogeneous Makhmur Sharbazher Dabes Penjwin Mahmoudiya Al-Ba'aj Kirkuk Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal Halabja Al-Azezia Wassit Al-Hawiga Darbandikhan Daquq Baiji Kalar LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Salah al-Din Kifri Al-Ka'im Al-Daur 75% Protracted Samarra Khanaqin Haditha Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Diyala Homogeneous Ana Balad 19% September 2014–March 2015 Al-Muqdadiya Heet Al-Fares Tarmia Ba'quba Baladrooz Kadhimia 18% April 2015–February 2016 Ramadi Al Resafa Abu Ghraib Anbar KarkhMada'in Falluja Baghdad 15% 17 October 2016–June 2017 Mahmoudiya Al-Azezia Badra

Al-Suwaira Fairly Homogeneous Al-Musayab Al-Rutba Kerbala Al-Mahawil Wassit 14% March 2016–17 October 2016 Kerbala Babylon Kut Ain Al-Tamur Ali Al-Gharbi Al-Hindiya Hashimiya Al-Na'maniya Hilla Al-Hai 12% June–July 2014 Kufa City of Displacement District of Origin Diwaniya Amara Al-Manathera DistrictAfaq boundary Al-Shamiya Governorate boundary 10% August 2014 2 - 642 Al-Rifa'i Al-Kahla Kirkuk City : Najaf 643 - 1,979 Hamza0 Al-Rumaitha75 150 Al-Maimouna Kilometers Heterogeneous Al-Khidhir Al-Shatra Al-Mejar Al-Kabir 1,980 - 6,184 Al-Salman 10% July 2017–December 2018 2% other

Ninety-four per cent of IDPs are Arab Sunnis, with smaller groups of Arab and Turkmen Shias and Turkmen and Kurdish Sunnis. Most orig- inate from Al-Hawiga district (51%) where, although conditions are improving, 12 locations still scored ‘medium’ on the severity scale of the Return Index. Other main groups come from the districts of Tooz and Mosul.

11 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Intentions to return to areas of origin are very low, both in the short (11%) 11 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) and long term (26%) and this outcome may be linked to the poor conditions of the displaced population in the city. House destruction together 11% Return to their areas of origin

with the lack of means to return/restart and lack of livelihood opportunities 26 100 were the most reported reasons for preferring to locally integrate. The Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) largest proportions of IDPs willing to return were found in the locations of 26% Return to their areas of origin Hay Al Jamia-Mahalla, Hay Al Nassir, Hay Hadan and Al Sayada Complex.

IDP Population Density in Kirkuk City

Dabes

Kirkuk

Kirkuk city Daquq

Kirkuk Households

25 - 140

141 - 350

351 - 581

582 - 900

901 - 2180

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs

7% 93% 0 Camps PRIVATE SETTINGS in urban centre (67,674 INDIVIDUALS) 7% No IDP families living in formal IDP camps CRITICAL SHELTERS 93% 93+7A (5,310 INDIVIDUALS)

12 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and service rating in Kirkuk city appears to be Security incidents other than petty crime were reported only in four acceptable: all locations have adequate access – i.e. access to at least locations (Hay Al Mansour, Hay Ghurnata, Panja Ali and Runaki).

eight100 0 key infrastructures and services and all single indicators. Concerns related to the occurrence of armed clashes are minimal.

The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 53 0% of locations do not have adequate access

Security100 11 incidents (excluding petty crime)

However, it is worth noting that the most critical indicators are elec- 11% tricity and water: fewer than 45 per cent of households can access 100 3 both, and inadequate access was observed in many locations that Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions host the largest groups of IDPs. Around one in ten households are 3% currently settled in critical shelters, over half of which can be found 100 0 in Al Jamia-Mahalla (52%). Security cited among main needs

The majority of households have access to: Location100 37 has been attacked or occupied

Electricity100 26 37%

26%

Water100 45

45% SOCIAL COHESION 100 Waste100 87 collection The level of social cohesion in Kirkuk city is good. IDPs reported

87% feeling welcome in all locations except for one, Al Taakhi, where mistrust/threats/attacks was reported. IDPs also seem to enjoy a 100 5 Latrines100 97 good level of inclusion, and favouritism in employment and/or services

97% (including aid) and/or political representation was reported only in two locations (Hay Adan and Baglar). IDPs overall reported that most 100 89 An office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district or all can move freely, except for those settled in Rahim Awa, who 100 11

89% require a special permit. 100 97 A functional market within 5km The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 3

97%

Favouritism100 5 in employment/assistance/political representation/access to services 100

A primary school within 5km 100 3 5% 100% 100 3 Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome

A100 secondary school within 5km 3% 100 0 100%

IDPs100 3 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement

A100 97 health clinic within 5km 100 37 3% 97%

A100 97 hospital within 10km 100 3

97%

Legal100 services for HLP within the sub-district

100%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator. 13 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji SULAYMANIYAH CITY Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din 9 CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Similar to other cities in KRI, Sulaymaniyah city hosts a “medium” share 59,880 Individuals Low Recipient

of about 60,000 individuals, representing 6 per cent of the totalSamarra out-of- 9,980 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin camp population. Most households are located in the sub-district of (6% of total out-of-camp IDPs) High Recipient Markaz Sulaymaniyah (76%), and the rest are in the sub-district of Bakrajo. The population of IDPs is evenly distributed, with no locations Diyala Anbar RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION reporting significantly larger clusters of households. Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Stationary The situation in the city is overall “stationary” in that the number of IDPs -8% IDPs Fairly Stationary has decreased by only 8 per cent since December 2018. This stability Balad (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) Fairly Dynamic seems to be the outcome of two different trends: significant outflows Al-Muqdadiya from the sub-district of Bakrajo, and small but constant inflows to Dynamic Heet Markaz Sulaymaniyah – especially toward the two locations of Sarchea Al-Fares and Sarchnar. DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Tarmia 7% Mosul The displaced population in Sulaymaniyah city tends to be very heter- 12% Falluja Homogeneous 7% BaijiBa'quba ogenous: the first large group of IDPs fled in June and July 2014 (17%) 10% Mahmoudiya Fairly Homogeneous 47% other Baladrooz with others leaving during successive waves leading up to December 9% Ramadi Adhamia 8% Kirkuk Kadhimia Heterogeneous 2018Al-Rutba – as much as 16 per cent of current IDPs left during the post-July 2017 wave. There are six main districts of origin, eachRamadi accounting for Thawra1 around 10 per cent of IDPs: Falluja, Mahmoudiya, Ramadi, Kirkuk, Mosul ETHNO-RELIGIOUSFalluja Abu Ghraib COMPOSITIONAl Resafa and Baiji. Karkh HomogeneousMada'in 86% Arab Sunnis Badra 11% Kurdish Sunnis Fairly Homogeneous DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Baghdad 3% other Mahmoudiya Heterogeneous Telafar Soran Tilkaif Akre Choman Al-Azezia Wassit Shaqlawa Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Rania Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Ninewa Erbil Dokan Makhmur Penjwin LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT Dabes Kirkuk Sulaymaniya Al-Ba'aj Sharbazher Hatra Al-Shirqat Kirkuk Sulaymaniyah Al-Hawiga Daquq Darbandikhan 74% Protracted Chamchamal Halabja Homogeneous Baiji Kalar 17% June–July 2014 Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit Salah al-Din Kifri 17% September 2014–March 2015 Al-Daur Samarra Khanaqin Al-Ka'im Haditha Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Diyala 16% July 2017–December 2018 Ana Balad Al-Muqdadiya Fairly Homogeneous Heet Al-Fares 12% April 2015–February 2016 TarmiaBa'quba Baladrooz Kadhimia Ramadi Al Resafa Abu Ghraib Anbar Karkh Mada'in 11% August 2014 FallujaBaghdad Mahmoudiya Al-Azezia Badra 11% March 2016–17 October 2016 Al-Suwaira Heterogeneous Kerbala Al-Rutba Al-Mahawil

Kerbala BabylonAl-Musayab Kut Ain Al-Tamur Ali Al-Gharbi 16% other Al-HindiyaHillaHashimiya Al-Na'maniya City of Displacement District of Origin Al-Hai Kufa Diwaniya District boundary Amara Afaq Al-Manathera 1 - 153 Governorate boundary Al-Shamiya Sulaymaniyah City Najaf Al-Rifa'i Nearly all IDPs are Sunnis – 86 per cent Arab, 11 per cent Kurdish and 154 - 545 : 0 80 160 Hamza Al-Khidhir Al-Maimouna 546 - 1,201 Al-Rumaitha Kilometers Al-Salman Al-Shatra 1 per cent Turkmen – while the remainder, approximately 3 per cent, is composed of a heterogeneous mix of Yazidis, Christians and a small number of Turkmen and Shabak Shias.

9 Data on ethno-religious affiliation, intentions, infrastructure and services and social cohesion are from ILA IV - hence information is missing for 4 locations of the total.

14 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Intentions to return among IDPs settled in Sulaymaniyah city are relatively 0 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) low: no one is willing to return in the short term (0%) while 66 per cent are willing to return in the long term. According to ILA IV, the intention 0% Return to their areas of origin

to relocate locally appears to be both ‘involuntary’ in nearly all locations 66 100 and driven by the perceived lack of security at the area of origin (militias, Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) changed ethno-religious composition). Lack of security was also a very 66% Return to their areas of origin commonly reported obstacle for those willing to return, together with home destruction, lack of funds to return/restart and lack of livelihood prospects in the areas of origin.

IDP Population Density in Sulaymaniyah City

Sharbazher

Sulaymaniyah city

Sulaymaniyah

Sulaymaniyah Households

2 - 39

40 - 80

81 - 158

159 - 398

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs

0.2% 99.8% 0 Camps PRIVATE SETTINGS in urban centre (59,760 INDIVIDUALS) 0.2% No IDP families living in formal IDP camps CRITICAL SHELTERS 99.8% 99+1A (120 INDIVIDUALS)

15 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

Overall, the infrastructure and service rating in Sulaymaniyah city is very good: Security appears to be the main reason for remaining in Sulaymaniyah all locations have adequate access – i.e. access to at least eight key infrastruc- city. Security incidents other than petty crime were reported only

tures100 0 and services – and all single indicators scored above 95 per cent. in two locations (Nergiz and Pyramagroon). IDPs feel relatively safe 100 89 and secure in all locations, and no threats/attacks towards them were reported. 0% of locations do not have adequate access

The following issues were reported in the locations: The availability of services does not necessarily imply that IDPs can 100 1 access them: IDPs settled in Sulaymaniyah city were the most likely Security incidents (excluding petty crime) to report the need for cash and food as among their top three needs 1% (nearly all locations). Conversely, the housing situation appears posi- 100 1 tive and the share of households settled in critical shelters is less than Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions 1 per cent (120 households). 1%

Security100 0 cited among main needs The majority of households have access to: 0% 98 Electricity100 100 0 98% Location has been attacked or occupied 0% 95 Water100

95% 100 100 Waste100 collection SOCIAL COHESION 100% 100 1 100 Latrines100 The city’s high rating in terms of social cohesion confirms the finding that IDPs feel relatively safe and secure. IDPs in Sulaymaniyah seem to 100% enjoy the highest levels of inclusion of all cities in KRI, and favouritism 100 1 An100 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district in access to employment and/or services (including aid) and/or political representation was virtually not reported. IDPs overall reported 100% that either most or all IDPs can move, although in 13 locations in 100 A functional market within 5km Markaz Sulaymaniyah some need a special permit. 100 0

100% The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 100 100 A primary school within 5km 1

Favouritism100 1 in employment/assistance/political representation/access to services 100% 1% 99 100

A secondary school within 5km 100 0 100 0 Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome 99% 0% 100 100

A health clinic within 5km 100 0

IDPs100 9 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement 100% 9% 100 A99 hospital within 10km 100 9

99% 99 Legal100 services for HLP within the sub-district

99%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator. 16 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji ZAKHO TOWN Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Hosting nearly 4 per cent of the total out-of-camp population, with 41,028 Individuals Low Recipient

around 41,000 individuals, Zakho town is a “medium” recipient Samarraof IDPs. 6,838 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin Nearly all households are settled in the sub-district of Markaz Zakho (4% of total out-of-camp IDPs) High Recipient (94%) with six additional clusters in the sectors of Abasiya, Bedar, Firqa, Khrababka, Kochka Homari and Shabaniya. The situation in Zakho town Diyala Anbar RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION can be defined as “stationary”: overall, the number of IDPs has decreasedAl-Thethar Al-Khalis by 9 per cent throughout 2019, and the largest outflow was observed Stationary at the location of Rizgari in Rizgari sub-district. -9%Balad IDPs Fairly Stationary (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) Fairly Dynamic Around 70 per cent of IDPs in Zakho town have been displaced for Al-Muqdadiya more than three years – 26 per cent left their areas of origin between Dynamic Heet June and July 2014 and 44 per cent left during the third major wave of Al-Fares displacement in August 2014. A second group of IDPs are linked to DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Tarmia more recent movements between July 2017 and December 2018, 39% Sinjar Homogeneous following the Mosul offensive. Sinjar (39%), Telafar (32%) and Mosul 32% Telafar Ba'quba Fairly Homogeneous (27%) are the three main districts of origin. 27% Mosul Baladrooz Adhamia Heterogeneous 2% other Kadhimia Al-Rutba DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Ramadi ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONThawra1

Zakho Falluja Al Resafa Amedi Dahuk Abu Ghraib Homogeneous Dahuk Mergasur Sumel 81% Kurdish SunnisKarkh Soran Akre Mada'in Telafar Al-Shikhan Choman Fairly Homogeneous Tilkaif 11% Yazidis Shaqlawa Badra Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Rania Pshdar Erbil 8% other Baghdad Ninewa Mosul Heterogeneous Erbil Koisnjaq Dokan Mahmoudiya Makhmur Sharbazher Penjwin Dabes Al-Ba'aj Sulaymaniyah Al-Azezia Wassit Hatra Al-Shirqat Kirkuk Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Darbandikhan Al-Hawiga Daquq Halabja Chamchamal LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT

Baiji Kalar Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit Homogeneous Salah al-Din Kifri 71% Protracted Haditha Al-Daur Samarra Khanaqin Al-Ka'im 44% August 2014 Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Ana Balad Diyala Al-Muqdadiya Heet 29% July 2017–December 2018 Fairly Homogeneous Anbar Al-FaresTarmia Ramadi AdhamiaBa'quba Baladrooz Al-Ba'aj Falluja Kadhimia 26% June-July–2014 Al Resafa Abu Ghraib Karkh Mada'in City of Displacement Al-Rutba District of Origin Mahmoudiya District boundary Badra 1% other Heterogeneous Al-AzeziaGovernorate boundary 6 - 9 Zakho City Al-Musayab Al-Suwaira 10 - 35 :Kerbala 0 70 140 Al-Mahawil Kilometers Al-Hindiya Ain Al-Tamur Kut Ali Al-Gharbi 36 - 2,674 Al-Na'maniya Amara Around 80 per cent of IDPs in Zakho town are Kurdish Sunnis. The second largest group is composed of Yazidis (11%), with the remaining 8 per cent consisting of Arab Sunnis, Christians, Turkmen Sunnis and Shabak Sunnis. Most Yazidis are settled in Firqa and Khrababka, which host a heterogeneous mix of all ethno-religious groups.

17 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Intentions to return in the long term are highly prevalent in Zakho town 0 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) (85%), however none of the IDPs are willing to leave their areas of displacement in the short term. This delay of returns can be linked to the safety 0% Return to their areas of origin

situation in areas of origin: both lack of security and fear as a result of the 85 100 changed ethno-religious composition of the areas of origin were among the Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) top reported obstacles to return. Among IDPs willing to locally integrate 85% Return to their areas of origin (15%, mainly settled in the sub-district of Rizgari), the presence of extended family, relatives or friends appears to be a strong pull factor.

IDP Population Density in Zakho town

akho city

Zakho

akho Households

21 - 179

180 - 372

373 - 970 Sumel

971 - 1180

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs Top Districts of Origin

1 Camp 85% Sinjar in urban centre 9% 91% 15% Al Ba’aj PRIVATE SETTINGS <1% Mosul (37,536 INDIVIDUALS) 5,056 Families (9% of total in-camp IDPs) <1% Tilkaif 9% CRITICAL SHELTERS 91% (3,492 INDIVIDUALS) 0% Rate of Change 91+9A (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019 )

18 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and service rating in Zakho town is good: all locations have The safety and security situation is good overall. The presence of adequate access – i.e. access to at least eight key infrastructures and services multiple security actors in Zakho was the only reported concern.

–100 0 and all single indicators scored higher than the national average. The following issues were reported in the locations:

0% of locations do not have adequate access Security100 0 incidents (excluding petty crime)

0% Electricity and water sufficiency are guaranteed in all locations, and only in 100 0 Bajika in the sub-district of Rizgari does access to health care appear to be Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions more difficult. Around one in ten households are currently settled in crit- 0% ical shelters – most of which can be found in the three locations of Firqa, 100 0 Khrababka and Bajika. Security cited among main needs

The majority of households have access to: Location100 0 has been attacked or occupied 100 Electricity100 0% 100% 100 Water100

100% SOCIAL COHESION 100 Waste92 collection Although IDPs appear to feel generally welcome at the location of displacement and the occurrence of threats or attacks was not 92% reported, the issue of favouritism is widespread and unequal access to 92 Latrines100 employment and/or services (including aid) and/or political representation was reported in all locations. IDPs reported that either most 92% or all IDPs can move freely without a special permit at all locations.

An100 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district

The following issues were reported in the locations: 100%

Favouritism100 in employment/assistance/political A100 92 functional market within 5km representation/access to services

92% 100% 100 0 100 A100 primary school within 5km Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome

100% 0% 100 A100 secondary school within 5km

IDPs100 0 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement

100% 0% 100 A92 health clinic within 5km

92% 100 A92 hospital within 10km

92% 100 Legal100 services for HLP within the sub-district

100%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator.

19 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji DAHUK CITY Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha 35,748 Individuals Low Recipient Dahuk city hosts a little under 36,000 individuals, representing nearly Samarra 5,958 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin 4 per cent of the out-of-camp population. IDPs are evenly spread (4% of total out-of-camp IDPs) among 44 neighbourhoods. A large concentration of IDPs was found High Recipient in the neighbourhood of Avro city (18%) in the sub-district of Markaz Diyala AnbarSumel. RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Stationary Compared to other cities in KRI, the displacement situation is less -13%Balad IDPs Fairly Stationary “stationary”: around 5,500 (-13%) left their location of displacement (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) FairlyAl-Muqdadiya Dynamic in the city since December 2018. The greatest outflows have been Dynamic observed in the four locationsHeet of Etit, Masik, Nazarke and Upper Al-Fares Malta. A limited number of new arrivals was also recorded within the DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN same timeframe (around 650 individuals). Nearly all IDPs in Dahuk Tarmia 59% Mosul 5% Telafar Homogeneous city fled from June to August 2014 (97%), with a residual share of 24% Sinjar 5% Al-HamdaniyaBa'quba Fairly Homogeneous Baladrooz IDPs who left their place of origin, possibly from disputed territories, 6% Tilkaif 1% other Adhamia Heterogeneous from June to August 2017. Mosul (59%) and Sinjar (24%) are the Kadhimia mainAl-Rutba districts of origin, followed by other districts in Ninewa such as Ramadi ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONThawra1 Tilkaif, Telafar and Al-Hamdaniya (together about 15%). Falluja 53%Abu Kurdish Ghraib Sunnis Al Resafa Homogeneous 27% Arab Sunnis Karkh FairlyMada'in Homogeneous DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN 8% Yazidis Badra Dahuk Amedi Heterogeneous Dahuk 12% other Baghdad Mergasur Sumel Soran Al-Shikhan Akre Mahmoudiya Telafar Tilkaif Choman Shaqlawa Al-Azezia Wassit Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Rania Pshdar LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT Erbil Mosul Dokan Ninewa Erbil Koisnjaq

Al-Ba'aj Makhmur Sharbazher Penjwin Homogeneous Kirkuk Dabes Sulaymaniya 98% Protracted Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniyah Kirkuk Chamchamal Al-Hawiga 54% June–July 2014 Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq Fairly Homogeneous 43% August 2014 Baiji Kalar Tikrit Tooz Ra'ua 3% other Salah al-Din Kifri Heterogeneous Al-Ka'im Al-Daur Samarra Khanaqin Ana Haditha Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Balad Heet Al-Muqdadiya Diyala Al-Fares Anbar Ramadi Tarmia Al-Rutba Ba'quba Baladrooz Adhamia Ethno-religious affiliation is a significant pull factor in Dahuk city: Falluja Kadhimia Abu Ghraib Karkh Mada'in City of Displacement Al-Rutba District of Origin over half of current IDPs are Kurdish (53% Sunni and 1% Shia). The Mahmoudiya District boundary Babylon Badra Dahuk City 1 - 362 GovernorateAl-Azezia boundary 363 - 1,405 : Al-Musayab0 Al-Suwaira50 100 Kut second largest group is composed of Arab Sunnis (27%), followed by 1,406 - 3,501 KerbalaAl-HindiyaAl-Mahawil Kilometers Yazidis (8%), Christians (8%), Turkmen and Shabak Sunnis (1% each).

20 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Intentions to return to areas of origin are low in Dahuk city in the short 0 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) term: in all locations IDPs are determined to remain in the short term, and in 43 per cent of locations they may also be willing to integrate into their 0% Return to their areas of origin

current locations in the long term. Security in locations of displacement or 57 100 the lack of it in areas of origin were both the most reported reason to stay Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) and the most reported obstacle to return – far more important than the 57% Return to their areas of origin lack of livelihood opportunities. ‘Fear as a result of the changed ethno-religious composition at origin’ and ‘trauma associated with returning’ were also mentioned in around 10 per cent of locations. neighbourhoods with a strong presence of Arab or Kurdish Sunnis tend to display on average a higher propensity to return.

IDP Population Density in Dahuk City

Dahuk

Dahuk city

Dahuk Households

10 - 65

66 - 144

145 - 270

271 - 498

499 - 1053 Sumel

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs Top Districts of Origin

2% 1 Camp 81% Sinjar in urban centre 98% 19% Al Ba’aj PRIVATE SETTINGS (35,046 INDIVIDUALS) 2,815 Families (5% of total in-camp IDPs) <1% Tilkaif 2% CRITICAL SHELTERS 98% (702 INDIVIDUALS) -1% Rate of Change 98+2A (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019 )

21 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and service rating in Dahuk city is very good: all The high levels of safety and security in Dahuk city, with few secu- locations have adequate access, i.e. access to at least eight key infra- rity incidents excluding petty crime taking place, appear to be key

structures100 0 and services. reasons for delaying relocation back to areas of origin for many IDPs. Incidents of this nature were reported only in one location (Qassara) and coexistence with the host community is peaceful overall. Few 0% of locations do not have adequate access locations are concerned about other security-related issues.

Only in the neighborhood of Marina does access to health care appear The following issues were reported in the locations: to be more challenging due to the lack of clinics within 5km and 100 2 hospitals within 10km. The availability of services does not necessarily Security incidents (excluding petty crime) imply that IDPs can access them: IDPs settled in KRI are more likely 2% to report the need for cash as among their top three needs, which 100 2 often poses an access issue. Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions 2%

The majority of households have access to: Security100 5 cited among main needs

Electricity100 5%

100% 100 0 Location has been attacked or occupied

Water100 0%

100%

Waste100 collection

100%

Latrines100 SOCIAL COHESION

100% IDPs feel welcome in all locations and no threats/attacks towards

An100 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district them were reported. Despite general feelings of peaceful coexistence, IDPs do not seem to enjoy high levels of inclusion. Favouritism 100% in access to employment and/or services (including aid) and/or polit-

A100 95 functional market within 5km ical representation was reported in nearly all locations (95%). IDPs in all locations reported that either all or most IDPs can move freely 95% without a special permit.

A100 primary school within 5km The following issues were reported in the locations: 100%

Favouritism100 95 in employment/assistance/political A100 secondary school within 5km representation/access to services

100% 95% 100 0

A100 95 health clinic within 5km Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome

0% 95%

A100 95 hospital within 10km

IDPs100 0 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement

95% 0%

Legal100 98 services for HLP within the sub-district

98%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator. 22 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji BAGHDAD CITY + ABU GRAIB Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din 10 CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha 25,824 Individuals Low Recipient The city of Baghdad, including Abu Graib, hosts nearly 3 per cent of Samarra 4,304 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin the total out-of-camp population, nearly 26,000 individuals across a (3% of total out-of-camp IDPs) total of 365 neighbourhoods. Currently the bulk of IDPs are concen- High Recipient trated within the four areas of Al-Rasheed (26%), Al-Mansour (19%), Diyala AnbarAl-Adhamia (15%) and Abu-Graib (13%), with the rest of the popu- RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION Al-Thethar Al-Khalis lation distributed among several other neighbourhoods. The situation Stationary can be defined as “dynamic”: overall, the number of IDPs has nearly -47%Balad IDPs Fairly Stationary halved (-47%) throughout 2019. The situation is fluid in most areas, (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) FairlyAl-Muqdadiya Dynamic and the greatest outflow has been recorded in the sub-district of Dynamic Al-Mansour (-75%, nearlyHeet 12,000 individuals). Al-Fares DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN In Baghdad city, IDPs have a very diverse composition in terms of Tarmia 28% Ramadi 14% Al-Ka’im Homogeneous origin and period of displacement. The first IDPs arrived before June 18% Mosul 11% TelafarBa'quba Fairly Homogeneous Baladrooz 2014 (13%) and continued to arrive in successive waves up until June 14% Falluja 15% other Adhamia Heterogeneous 2017, mostly from Anbar Governorate (28% Ramadi, 14% Falluja and Kadhimia 14%Al-Rutba Al-Ka’im) as well as from the two Ninewa districts of Mosul Ramadi ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONThawra1 (18%) and Telafar (11%). Nearly 30 per cent of families who fled Falluja Al Resafa before September 2014 are settled in Al-Rasheed sub-district. 92%Abu Arab Ghraib Sunnis Homogeneous Karkh 7% Turkmen Shias FairlyMada'in Homogeneous DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN 1% Other Badra BaghdadHeterogeneous Tilkaif Choman Akre Soran Telafar Shaqlawa Mahmoudiya Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Rania Pshdar Erbil Mosul LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT Al-Azezia Wassit Erbil Koisnjaq Dokan Ninewa Sharbazher Makhmur Penjwin Dabes Kirkuk Al-Ba'aj Sulaymaniyah 94% Protracted Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Homogeneous Kirkuk Darbandikhan Al-Hawiga Daquq 24% June–July 2014 Chamchamal Halabja

Baiji Kalar 21% September 2014–March 2015 Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit Fairly Homogeneous Salah al-Din Kifri 16% August 2014 Haditha Samarra Al-Daur Khanaqin Al-Ka'im 16% April 2015–February 2016 Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Ana Balad Diyala Heet Al-Muqdadiya 13% Pre-June 2014 Heterogeneous Anbar Al-FaresTarmia AdhamiaBa'quba Baladrooz Kadhimia Ramadi Al Resafa 10% other Abu Ghraib Karkh Mada'in Falluja Baghdad Mahmoudiya Badra Al-Azezia

Al-Rutba Al-Musayab Al-Suwaira Al-Mahawil The majority of IDPs in the city of Baghdad are Arab Sunnis (92%), Ain Al-Tamur Al-Hindiya Kut City of Displacement District of Origin Ali Al-Gharbi Kerbala Hashimiya Al-Na'maniya Hilla District boundary 5 - 36 Al-Hai nearly 7% are Turkmen Shias, with a marginal number of Christian Kufa Governorate boundary Baghdad City Diwaniya 37 - 430 : 0 70 140 Amara Afaq Najaf Kilometers 431 - 1,504 Al-ManatheraAl-Shamiya Al-Rifa'i Hamza Al-Maimouna and Arab Shia families, and their common ethno-religious affiliation has changed the composition of some previously exclusively Shia neighbourhoods, which have now become mixed with the number of Sunni-Shia locations has increased from 79 to 93 since 2014. Turkmen Shias and other minorities are mostly found in the two sub-districts of Nissan and Al-Karrada.

10 Data on ethno-religious affiliation, intentions, infrastructure and services and social cohesion are from ILA IV - hence information is missing for 73 locations of the total 365 because they were not assessed.

23 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Intentions to return are very prevalent in Baghdad city: nearly all IDPs 23 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) are determined to return in the long term (94%) and around one fifth in the short term (23%). Most commonly reported obstacles to return 23% Return to their areas of origin

include home destruction, lack of livelihood/job opportunities and lack of 94 100 services at the place of origin. IDPs in the two sub-districts of Abu Graib Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) and Adhamia are more likely to report the desire to locally integrate in 94% Return to their areas of origin the long term because they have better access to security, housing and job opportunities in displacement than they would at origin.

IDP Population Density in Baghdad City - Abu Graib Tarmia Tarmia .

Falluja Baquba

Adhamia Kadhimia

Baladrooz Baghdad city Thawra2 Thawra1

Al Resafa Abu Graib

Baghdad Households Mada'in 1 - 16 Karkh 17 - 44

45 - 87

88 - 185 Mahmoudiya

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs Top Districts of Origin

2 Camps 35% Al Hamdaniya in urban centre 5% 95% 20% Al Ka’im PRIVATE SETTINGS 19% Falluja (24,456 INDIVIDUALS) 199 Families 11% Tilkaif (<1% of total in-camp IDPs) 5% 5% Al Ba’aj CRITICAL SHELTERS 5% Mosul 95% (1,368 INDIVIDUALS) -42% Rate of Change 4% Sinjar (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019 ) 95+5A 2% Baiji

24 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and services rating in Baghdad city is poor: only The most significant safety and security issue in Baghdad city are 73 per cent of locations have adequate access, i.e. access to at least security incidents (excluding petty crime) which have reportedly eight key infrastructures and services. occurred in 14 per cent of locations, above the ILA IV national 100 27 average. However, the other safety and security indicators show that IDPs do not appear to be particularly concerned about armed 27% of locations do not have adequate access clashes, revenge, ISIL or ethno-religious tension (reported in 7 locations overall), nor are there concerns about the general level of security in the city. Electricity and water sufficiency are available to the majority of households in only 53 per cent and 63 per cent of locations respectively, The following issues were reported in the locations: with the sub-districts of Al-Rasheed, Nissan and Al-Karrada reporting 100 14 the lowest figures. Only in the three sub-districts of Abu Graib, Security incidents (excluding petty crime) Adhamia and Al-Resafa are the majority of locations able to provide 14% IDPs with nearly complete access to the above-mentioned facilities 100 2 and services. Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions 2% The majority of households have access to: Security100 1 cited among main needs Electricity100 53 1% 53%

Location100 0 has been attacked or occupied Water100 63 0% 63%

Waste100 88 collection

88% SOCIAL COHESION Latrines100 100 Favouritism in access to employment and/or services (including aid) 100% and/or political representation appears to be the most common An100 46 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district issue in relation to social cohesion (36% of locations, with peaks in Abu Graib, Nissan and Al-Karrada sub-districts). In addition, IDPs in 46% Baghdad city more commonly report threat/mistrust and feelings of

A100 99 functional market within 5km being unwelcome than the national average. Despite this, freedom of movement is not reported to be an issue. 99%

A100 98 primary school within 5km The following issues were reported in the locations:

98%

Favouritism100 36 in employment/assistance/political representation/access to services

A100 88 secondary school within 5km 36% 88% 100 9 Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome

A100 86 health clinic within 5km 9% 86%

IDPs100 0 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement

A100 69 hospital within 10km

0% 69%

Legal100 61 services for HLP within the sub-district

61%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator. 25 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji TOOZ KHORMATU TOWN Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Tooz Khormatu town hosts a little over 19,000 IDPs, nearly 2 per cent 19,284 Individuals Low Recipient of the total out-of-camp population. The majority of IDPs are concenSamarra- 3,214 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin trated in the three locations of Hay Komari (25%), Hay Al Askari (17%) (2% of total out-of-camp IDPs) High Recipient and Hay Al Taiyar (22%) in the sub-district of Markaz Tooz (64%), with the rest of the population distributed evenly in the other five locations. Diyala Anbar RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION Al-Thethar Al-Khalis The situation in the city can be defined as “fairly stationary”: overall, Stationary the number of IDPs has decreased by 12 per cent since December -12% IDPs Fairly Stationary 2018 (around 2,500 individuals), half of whom left the location of Hay Balad (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) Fairly Dynamic Al Askari (-27%, around 1,300 individuals). In addition, nearly all IDPs in Al-Muqdadiya Tooz Khormatu town have been displaced for more than three years Dynamic Heet and 89 per cent for more than 5 years – 20 per cent fled between June Al-Fares and July 2014 and 69 per cent fled in August 2014. DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Tarmia Nearly all IDPs in Tooz Khormatu town are originally from within the 92% Tooz Homogeneous 4% Al-Khalis Ba'quba district of Tooz (92%). This high share of intra-district displacement may Fairly Homogeneous Baladrooz 4% other be linked to the specific composition and circumstances of Tooz. Adhamia Heterogeneous Kadhimia Al-Rutba Ramadi Thawra1 DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION Falluja Al Resafa Homogeneous ShaqlawaChoman Abu Ghraib Akre Sinjar Pshdar Erbil Rania Karkh Mosul Erbil 71% Arab Sunnis Mada'in Ninewa Koisnjaq Dokan Fairly Homogeneous 29% Turkmen Sunnis Al-Ba'aj Makhmur Dabes Sharbazher Penjwin Badra Sulaymaniya Hatra Kirkuk BaghdadHeterogeneous Sulaymaniyah Kirkuk Chamchamal Al-Hawiga Darbandikhan Mahmoudiya Daquq Halabja Kalar Baiji Al-Azezia Wassit Ra'ua Tikrit Tooz Salah al-Din Kifri LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT Al-Ka'im Al-Daur Haditha Samarra Khanaqin

Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Balad Diyala Homogeneous Anbar Ana Heet Al-Fares 99% Protracted Ba'quba Baladrooz 69% August 2014 Ramadi KarkhBaghdad Mada'in Fairly Homogeneous Falluja Badra Al-Azezia 20% June–July 2014 Al-Suwaira Al-Rutba Al-Hindiya Al-Mahawil 11% other Ain Al-Tamur Kerbala Kut Ali Al-Gharbi Heterogeneous HillaHashimiya City of Displacement District of Origin Al-Na'maniya District boundary KufaDiwaniya Al-Hai Governorate boundary Tooz Khormatu town 3 - 53 Amara Al-Shamiya Afaq 54 - 118 : 0 30 Al-Mejar60 Al-Kabir Al-Rifa'i Kilometers 119 - 3,012 Al-Manathera Hamza Al-Maimouna Al-Kahla A formerly mixed district, Tooz has been severely impacted by tensions among ethno-religious communities – specifically Sunni Kurds and Shia Turkmen, which has led to the departure of many Sunni Turkmen and Sunni Arab populations.11 All IDPs in Tooz Khormatu town are reportedly Sunni: 71 per cent are Arabs and 29 per cent are Turkmen.

11 The Growing Role of Reconciliation in Return Movements: Snapshots from the Return Index, RWG, IOM Iraq, November 2019.

26 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Intentions to return are highly prevalent in Tooz Khormatu town, with 100 62 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) per cent of IDPs wishing to return in the long term and 62 per cent in the short term. At present, however, most of the subdistrict’s Sunni Arab and 62% Return to their areas of origin

Turkmen displaced populations are deterred from returning due to tensions 100 100 in areas of origin, and destruction of former homes, as IDPs are struggling Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) financially to repair them. Lack of means to return/restart was among the 100% Return to their areas of origin top three obstacles in about a quarter of locations.

IDP Population Density in Tooz Khormatu town

Too Khormatu town

Too Households

73 - 130

131 - 313

314 - 371

372 - 567

568 - 834

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs

7% 93% 0 Camps PRIVATE SETTINGS in urban centre (17,922 INDIVIDUALS) 7% No IDP families living in formal IDP camps CRITICAL SHELTERS 93% 93+7A (1,362 INDIVIDUALS)

27 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and service rating in Tooz Khormatu town is low: only 75 Security incidents were reported in four locations – Hay Al Sideeq per cent of locations have adequate access – i.e. access to at least eight key Mahalla, Hay Rizgari, Hay Brayati and Hay Al Teen. IDPs do not

infrastructures100 25 and services. feel safe and are concerned about armed clashes, revenge, ISIL and 100 38 ethno-religious tensions. The presence of multiple security actors in the area is also a significant issue. 25% of locations do not have adequate access

The following issues were reported in the locations: The most critical indicators are electricity and water: in all locations, less 100 50 than 75 per cent of households have access. Access to health care and Security incidents (excluding petty crime) education also appears to be challenging in Al Taiyar. Around one in ten 50% households are currently settled in critical shelters, most of which can be 100 found in the location of Hay Komari. Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions 100%

The majority of households have access to: Security100 25 cited among main needs 0 Electricity100 25% 0% Location100 88 has been attacked or occupied 0 Water100 88% 0% 100 Waste75 collection 100 75% SOCIAL COHESION 100 Latrines100 According to the Return Index, reconciliation is reportedly needed 100 100% in the sub-district of Markaz Tooz but is not currently taking place, despite some initial work and discussion among authorities. Threats/

An100 88 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district attacks/feeling unwelcome were reported in two locations and favour- 100 50 88% itism or unequal access to employment and/or services (including aid) and/or political representation was reported in all locations. IDPs

A100 functional market within 5km reported that either most or all can move freely but need special 100 25 100% permits to do so. 88 100 A primary school within 5km The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 88% 100

Favouritism100 in employment/assistance/political representation/access to services 88 A100 secondary school within 5km 100%

88% 100 25 100 25 Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome 100 A75 health clinic within 5km 25%

75% 100 88

IDPs100 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement 100 A63 hospital within 10km

100% 63% 100 100 Legal100 services for HLP within the sub-district

100%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator.

28 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji BAQUBA CITY Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha 13,902 Individuals Low Recipient Baquba city hosts nearly 14,000 IDPs, representing 1 per cent of Samarra 2,317 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin the total out-of-camp IDP population. The situation is “stationary”: (1% of total out-of-camp IDPs) overall, the number of IDPs has decreased by only 8 per cent since High Recipient December 2018 (fewer than 1,300 individuals overall). More than Diyala Anbarhalf of IDPs are settled in Al-Gatoon quarter: around 30 per cent RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION Al-Thethar Al-Khalis between the two neighbourhoods of Al-Mafraq and Al-Taheer, and Stationary the rest settled in the remaining locations of Baquba centre. -8%Balad IDPs Fairly Stationary (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) FairlyAl-Muqdadiya Dynamic Nearly all IDPs were displaced from within Diyala Governorate (93%) Dynamic – with as much as 65 perHeet cent coming from the district of Khanaqin, Al-Fares 19 per cent from Al-Muqdadiya and 9 per cent from Al-Khalis. IDPs DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN seem to have clustered in displacement: those from Khanaqin are Tarmia 65% Khanaqin Homogeneous mostly found in Al-Gatoon quarter, those originally from Al-Muqdadiya 19% Al-Muqdadiya Ba'quba Fairly Homogeneous are found in Al Taheer and those from Al-Khalis are found in both 9% Al-Khalis Baladrooz Adhamia Al-Taheer and Al-Mafraq. 7% other Kadhimia Heterogeneous Al-Rutba Ramadi Thawra1 ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Falluja Al Resafa Abu Ghraib Homogeneous Zakho Dahuk Karkh Dahuk Amedi Mergasur Mada'in Sumel Soran Akre 100% Arab Sunnis Telafar Al-Shikhan Fairly Homogeneous Tilkaif Choman Badra Shaqlawa Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Rania Pshdar BaghdadHeterogeneous Erbil Mosul Erbil Mahmoudiya Ninewa Koisnjaq Dokan

Makhmur Sharbazher Al-Azezia Penjwin Wassit Dabes Al-Ba'aj Sulaymaniyah LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT Hatra Kirkuk Sulaymaniya Al-Shirqat Kirkuk Darbandikhan Al-Hawiga Daquq Chamchamal Halabja 98% Protracted Homogeneous Baiji Kalar Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit 77% September 2014–March 2015 Salah al-Din Kifri Haditha Al-Daur Samarra Khanaqin 10% June–July 2014 Fairly Homogeneous Al-Ka'im Al-Thethar Al-Khalis Ana Balad Al-Muqdadiya 10% August 2014 Heet Al-Fares Ba'quba Diyala Tarmia Anbar Falluja Heterogeneous Adhamia Baladrooz 3% other Ramadi Kadhimia Al-Rutba Al Resafa Abu Ghraib Karkh Mada'in

Mahmoudiya City of DisplacementAl-Rutba District of Origin Badra Al-Azezia District boundary 5 - 36 Ba’quba City KerbalaAl-Musayab Al-Suwaira Governorate boundary 37 - 430 : Al-Mahawil 0 75 150 Al-Hindiya The displaced population in Baquba city is highly homogeneous. All 431 - 1,504 Ain Al-Tamur Kut Kilometers Hashimiya Al-Na'maniya Ali Al-Gharbi Amara IDPs are Arab Sunnis, and nearly 80 per cent fled during the fourth wave of displacement between September 2014 and March 2015. In this period, a series of concurrent crises hit the central northern governorates of Anbar, Diyala and Kirkuk and tens of thousands of civilians were caught in the crossfire between the Iraqi Army, Shia militias and ISIL.

29 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

Despite their stationary displacement, the main intention of IDPs in Baquba 100 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) city is to return to their locations of origin – and to do so in the short term (100%). However, there is strong convergence among the factors 100% Return to their areas of origin

that hinder their ability to return: home destruction and lack of livelihood/ 100 100 job opportunities in areas of origin were the most reported obstacles. In Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) many locations, enrollment of children in school was also found to be a 100% Return to their areas of origin strong factor, with many IDPs fearing that their education needs will not be fulfilled in their areas of origin. According to the Return Index,12 there is evidence of severe social tensions in Khanaqin district (specifically in Jalula and Saadiya sub-districts) due to emerging ethno-religious enclaves that are preventing returns to the area.

IDP Population Density in Baquba City

Baqua city

Baqua Households 4 - 29 30 - 100 Al-Muqdadiya 101 - 420

421 - 700

0 05 1 Kilometers Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs Top Districts of Origin

1 Camp 63% Khanaqin in urban centre 7% 93% 28% Al-Muqdadiya PRIVATE SETTINGS (12,948 INDIVIDUALS) 117 Families (1% of total in-camp IDPs) 4% Balad 7% CRITICAL SHELTERS 3% Al-Khalis 93% (954 INDIVIDUALS) -21% Rate of Change 93+7A (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019 ) 1% Mosul

12 The Growing Role of Reconciliation in Return Movements: Snapshots from the Return Index, RWG, IOM Iraq, November 2019. 30 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and services rating in Baquba city is very high, Other than petty crime, security incidents were not reported. Only a strong pull factor in this area of displacement, and which may IDPs in Al Taheer consider security among their main needs, and

contribute100 0 to the continued presence of IDPs in the area. report access to solutions for displacement related rights violations and equal participation in public affairs as largely unfulfilled needs.

0% of locations do not have adequate access The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 0 All locations have adequate access, defined as access to at least eight Security incidents (excluding petty crime) key infrastructures and services. All services/infrastructures are acces- 0% sible at location level except for water availability (94%, figures are 100 6 lower only in Jorf Al Milih neighborhood) and the availability of offices Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions for the replacement of civil documentation, reportedly missing in all 6% locations. Around 7 per cent of households are settled in critical 100 shelters – 40 per cent of which are in Al-Mafraq. Security6 cited among main needs

6% The majority of households have access to: 100 0

Electricity100 Location has been attacked or occupied

0% 100%

Water100 94 100

94% SOCIAL COHESION

Waste100 collection The only noted social cohesion issue appears to be favouritism in 100 13 100% access to employment and/or services (including aid) and/or political

Latrines100 representation reported in the two neighbourhoods of Al Taheer 100 0 and Muskar Saad. Freedom of movement is guaranteed and IDPs can 100% move freely without special permits.

An100 0 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 0 0% 13 Favouritism100 in employment/assistance/political A100 functional market within 5km representation/access to services 100 6 100% 13% 100

A100 primary school within 5km Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome 100 6 0% 100%

A100 secondary school within 5km

IDPs100 0 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement 100 0 100% 0%

A100 health clinic within 5km 100 0 100%

A100 hospital within 10km

100%

Legal100 services for HLP within the sub-district

100%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator. 31 Al-Hamdaniya Akre Shaqlawa Rania Sinjar Telafar Pshdar

Erbil Mosul Koisnjaq Erbil Dokan

Makhmur PenjwinNinewa Al-Ba'aj Dabes Sulaymaniyah Sulaymaniyah Hatra Al-Shirqat Sulaymaniya Kirkuk Chamchamal

Al-Hawiga Kirkuk Darbandikhan Halabja Daquq

Out-of-camp IDPs in Kalar Baiji TIKRIT CITY Tooz Ra'ua Tikrit

Kifri Salah Al-Din CITY IDP POPULATION OVERVIEW OF THE DISPLACEMENT SITUATION Al-Daur Al-Ka'im Haditha Tikrit city hosts a little over 10,000 IDPs, around 1 per cent of the 10,368 Individuals Low Recipient total out-of-camp population. Most of IDPs are concentrated inSamarra Hay Al 1,728 Families Medium Recipient Khanaqin Zuhor (12%), Hay Alfirdous (13%), Hay Alqalaa (15%) and the Qadisya (1% of total out-of-camp IDPs) High Recipient area (23% overall) with the rest distributed evenly across the other 18 locations of Markaz Tikrit sub-district. Diyala Anbar RATE OF CHANGE IN IDP POPULATION Al-Thethar Al-Khalis The situation in the city is “dynamic”: overall, the number of IDPs has Stationary decreased by 37 per cent since December 2018 (around 6,200 individ- -37% IDPs Fairly Stationary uals). The largest outflows have been recorded in Al-Mutaradah, Hay Al Balad (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019) Fairly Dynamic Dhubbat, Hay Alqalaa and Qadisya 1 Mahala. In addition, all IDPs in Tikrit Al-Muqdadiya city have been displaced for more than three years – around one third Dynamic Heet have been displaced for almost five years (37% fled before March 2015). Al-Fares DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Nearly all IDPs in Tikrit city are originally from within the district of Baiji Tarmia (87%), and around 10 per cent fled Al-Shirqat. The protracted displace- 87% Baiji Homogeneous 10% Al-Shirqat Ba'quba ment of these IDPs can be linked to the retaking of their districts of Fairly Homogeneous Baladrooz 3% other origin from ISIL. In most cases, the presence of armed actors has influ- Adhamia Heterogeneous Kadhimia encedAl-Rutba the willingness of IDPs to return; in some cases, returns of residents have been prevented due to suspected ISILRamadi affiliation.13 ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMPOSITIONThawra1

Falluja Abu Ghraib Al Resafa Homogeneous DISTRICTS OF ORIGIN Karkh Mada'in 100% Arab Sunnis Fairly Homogeneous

Al-Shikhan Choman Soran Badra Tilkaif Akre Shaqlawa Telafar BaghdadHeterogeneous Sinjar Al-Hamdaniya Rania Pshdar Mahmoudiya Erbil Mosul Al-Azezia Wassit Erbil Koisnjaq Ninewa Dokan LENGTH OF DISPLACEMENT

Makhmur Sharbazher

Dabes Sulaymaniyah Al-Ba'aj Kirkuk 100% Protracted Homogeneous Hatra Sulaymaniya Al-Shirqat Kirkuk Chamchamal Halabja 37% September 2014–March 2015 Al-Hawiga Daquq 26% April 2015–February 2016 Fairly Homogeneous 20% March 2016–17 October 2016 Kalar Baiji Tikrit Tooz Ra'ua 15% August 2014 Al-Ka'im Heterogeneous Salah al-Din Kifri Haditha 2% other

Anbar Al-Daur

City of Displacement District of Origin Samarra Khanaqin District boundary Ana 6 - 34 Heet Al-KhalisGovernorate boundary All IDPs currently in Tikrit city are Arab Sunnis. Tikrit City 35 - 181 Al-Thethar: Balad0 40 80 182 - 1,580 KilometersBaladrooz Al-Rutba Ramadi Al-Fares Al-Muqdadiya

13 Baiji and Al-Shirqat scored respectively ‘high’ and ‘medium’ on the Return Index Severity Scale for Safety and Social Cohesion. See Return Index, Findings Round 5, IOM Iraq, October 2019 and also, The Growing Role of Reconciliation in Return Movements: Snapshots from the Return Index, RWG, IOM Iraq, November 2019. 32 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

INTENTIONS AND PUSH & PULL FACTORS

In line with the complex dynamics occurring at the places of origin, inten- 43 100 Short-Term Intentions to Return (less than 12 months) tions to return are quite low both in the short (43%) and long term (57%). The largest groups of IDPs willing to locally integrate are currently settled 43% Return to their areas of origin

in Alfirdous and Alqalaa. Sharing an ethno-religious background with the 57 100 host community and the presence of extended family and friends consti- Long-Term Intentions to Return (more than 12 months) tute the main pull factors. For those who are willing to return, widespread 57% Return to their areas of origin home destruction and lack of funds to return/restart tend to be the most commonly reported obstacles delaying returns.

IDP Population Density in Tikrit City

Tikrit city

Tikrit Households

8 - 45

46 - 155

156 - 270

SHELTER TYPES OF OUT-OF-CAMP IDPs PRESENCE OF IN-CAMP IDPs Top Districts of Origin

1 Camp 100% Baiji in urban centre 66% PRIVATE SETTINGS 34% (6,810 INDIVIDUALS) 205 Families (<1% of total in-camp IDPs) 66% 34% CRITICAL SHELTERS (3,558 INDIVIDUALS) -60% Rate of Change 66+34A (Dec 2018 – Dec 2019 )

33 URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LIVING CONDITIONS SAFETY AND SECURITY

The infrastructure and service rating in Tikrit city appears to be acceptable: All locations where IDPs are present in Tikrit city were attacked over 90 per cent of locations have adequate access – i.e. access to at least and, despite having been retaken early, safety and security issues still

eight100 9 key infrastructures and services. pose a challenge and the city scored “medium” on the relative scale 100 52 of the Return Index. Security incidents other than petty crime were reported in 12 locations, and IDPs do seem concerned about armed 9% of locations do not have adequate access clashes, revenge, ISIL and ethno-religious tensions.

However, the most critical indicators are electricity and water: overall, less The following issues were reported in the locations: than 60 per cent of households can access both, and inadequate access 100 52 was observed in all locations hosting the largest numbers of IDPs. Access Security incidents (excluding petty crime) to housing also appears to be challenging: around one third of families are 52% currently settled in critical shelters, most of whom can be found in the two 100 locations of Hay Alfirdous and Hay Alqalaa (over 2,000 individuals). Concerns about armed clashes/revenge/ISIL/ethno-religious tensions 100%

The majority of households have access to: Security100 4 cited among main needs 52 Electricity100 4% 52% Location100 has been attacked or occupied 57 Water100 100% 100 57% 100 Waste96 collection 100 0 96% SOCIAL COHESION 100 Latrines100 100 Threats and attacks were reported only rarely, and favouritism or 53 100% unequal access to employment and/or services (including aid) and/

An100 0 office for replacement of civil documentation within the sub-district or political representation did not seem to be an issue. IDPs overall

reported that either most or all IDPs can move freely without a 100 4 0% permit.

A100 functional market within 5km The following issues were reported in the locations: 100 100% 100

Favouritism100 0 in employment/assistance/political 100 A100 primary school within 5km representation/access to services

0% 100 4 100% 100 4 96 A100 secondary school within 5km Threats/mistrust/attacks/feeling unwelcome

4% 96% 100 100 A96 health clinic within 5km

IDPs100 0 needing special permits to be allowed freedom of movement 100 0 96% 0% 100 A96 hospital within 10km

96% 96 Legal100 services for HLP within the sub-district

96%

The dotted line represents the ILA IV average for each indicator. 34 V`

URBAN DISPLACEMENT IN IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

IOM IRAQ

International Organization for Migration www.iomiraq.net The UN Migration Agency - Iraq Mission Main Office in Baghdad [email protected] / [email protected] UNAMI Compound (Diwan 2) International Zone, Baghdad, Iraq More information on: iraqdtm.iom.int + 3908 3105 2600

@IOMIraq