Floating Stacking 0.5Mm Pitch Board to Board Connector FX20 Series
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Distribution: Electronically Initiated By: ANM-300 CHANGE U.S
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ORDER CHANGE NM 3930.11 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CHG 6 Effective Date: National Policy 09/12/17 SUBJ: Aviation Medical Examiner for FAA Employees and Applicants Requiring Medical Certification. 1. Purpose. This order transmits Aviation Medical Examiner – Employee Examiner (AME- EE) information to the following: Transport Airplane Directorate (ANM-120s, ANM-130s, ANM-140s, ANM-150s), Flight Standards (FSDOs, Alaska CMO, SWA-CMO, Seattle AEG) and the ATO Western Service Area with Enroute and Terminal employees assigned to facilities located in Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming requiring Federal Aviation Administration Aerospace Medical Certification. 2. Who this change affects. Branch level and above in the following divisions in the Northwest Mountain Region: Aerospace Medicine, Flight Standards, Transport Airplane Directorate and the ATO Western Service Area (CO, ID, MT, OR, UT, WA and WY) - Enroute and Terminal. 3. Disposition of Transmittal Paragraph. Retain this transmittal sheet until the directive is cancelled by a new directive. PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated Appendix A 9/1/17 Appendix A 9/12/17 4. 5. Administrative Information. This order change is distributed to Branch level and above in the following divisions in the Northwest Mountain Region: Aerospace Medicine, Flight Standards, Transport Airplane Directorate and the ATO Western Service Area (CO, ID, MT, OR, UT, WA and WY) - Enroute and Terminal. Responsibility for Distribution: The above divisions are responsible for verifying that there have been no updates to this order prior to scheduling an employee exam. Brett A. Wyrick, D.O. Regional Flight Surgeon Northwest Mountain Region Distribution: Electronically Initiated By: ANM-300 U.S. -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
Eusebius and Hadrian's Founding of Aelia Capitolina in Jerusalem
ELECTRUM * Vol. 26 (2019): 119–128 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.19.007.11210 www.ejournals.eu/electrum EUSEBIUS AND HADRIAN’S FOUNDING OF AELIA CAPItoLINA IN JERUSALEM Miriam Ben Zeev Hofman Ben Gurion University of the Negev Abstract: From numismatic findings and recent excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem it emerges that the preparatory work on Aelia Capitolina started at the very beginning of Hadrian’ reign, most probably in the 120s, more than a decade before the Bar Kokhba war. The question then arises as how it happened that Eusebius mentions the founding of this colony as a conse- quence of the war. The answer lies both in the source he depends upon, possibly Ariston of Pella, and also in Eusebius’ own conception of Jewish history. Keywords: Bar Kokhba’s coins, Jerusalem excavations, Ariston of Pella, Eusebius’ view of Jewish history. The military colony of Aelia Capitolina which Hadrian founded in Jerusalem constitutes a traumatic event and a turning point in Jewish history. The holy city of Jerusalem turned into a pagan site inhabited by Roman soldiers, where idolatrous shrines were built and pagan religious rites were held. Jews were prohibited from entering it. The meaning of this event has been variously interpreted in modern scholarship,1 and its very timing within the context of the Bar Kokhba war has long been debated in view of the conflicting testimonies provided by the extant sources. At the beginning of the third century CE, Cassius Dio records the founding of the colony as preceding the Bar 1 For example, scholars are found who consider it usual Roman praxis and attribute it to technical and logistical considerations (Bowersock 1980, 134–135, 138; Mildenberg 1980, 332–334; Schäfer 1981, 92; Schäfer 1990, 287–288, 296; Schäfer 2003, 147; see also Tameanko 1999, 21; Bieberstein 2007, 143–144; Bazzana 2010, 98–99), while others contend that the founding was meant to put an end to Jewish expectations of a Temple by founding a miniature Rome explicitly intended for the settlement of foreign races and for- eign religious rites. -
The Roman Army's Emergence from Its Italian Origins
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Carolina Digital Repository THE ROMAN ARMY’S EMERGENCE FROM ITS ITALIAN ORIGINS Patrick Alan Kent A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Richard Talbert Nathan Rosenstein Daniel Gargola Fred Naiden Wayne Lee ABSTRACT PATRICK ALAN KENT: The Roman Army’s Emergence from its Italian Origins (Under the direction of Prof. Richard Talbert) Roman armies in the 4 th century and earlier resembled other Italian armies of the day. By using what limited sources are available concerning early Italian warfare, it is possible to reinterpret the history of the Republic through the changing relationship of the Romans and their Italian allies. An important aspect of early Italian warfare was military cooperation, facilitated by overlapping bonds of formal and informal relationships between communities and individuals. However, there was little in the way of organized allied contingents. Over the 3 rd century and culminating in the Second Punic War, the Romans organized their Italian allies into large conglomerate units that were placed under Roman officers. At the same time, the Romans generally took more direct control of the military resources of their allies as idea of military obligation developed. The integration and subordination of the Italians under increasing Roman domination fundamentally altered their relationships. In the 2 nd century the result was a growing feeling of discontent among the Italians with their position. -
The Roman Fort at Vindolanda: Shoes and Other Fabulous Finds from the Roman Fron Er the Roman Empire and the Roman Army
The Roman Fort at Vindolanda: Shoes and other Fabulous Finds from the Roman Fron7er The Roman Empire and the Roman Army Copyright: Ancient World Mapping Center The Roman Empire and Britain Britannia AD 43 Copyright: Ancient World Mapping Center Hadrian’s Wall Vindolanda The Emperor Hadrian and Britain Hadrian’s Wall, constructed in the AD 120s The military forts on Hadrian’s Wall: Housesteads A “Milecastle” on Hadrian’s Wall Photo: Britain Express The Roman Army on the Frontiers: The Fort at Vindolanda Vindolanda Aerial View A ‘standard’ Roman military fort VINDOLANDA, Period VII/VIII, AD 213, visible remains on site today And what lies beneath in anaerobic soil The larger timber forts from ca. AD 85-120 What lies beneath . “Anaerobic” Preserva7on at Vindolanda (without oxygen) Timber water pipes carrying fresh water across the site, ca. AD 105-120 Timber floor boards and supporFng beams, Occupaon Period IV, ca. AD 105-120 Lathe turned wooden box lid with detailed incised decoraon on both sides, ca. AD 100-130 Wooden box with contents sFll remaining inside, ca. AD 90-100 Ox skulls excavated from a pit dug in the floor of a large central courtyard building, ca. AD 220 Human skull, probably a “trophy head” displayed by the Roman army, from a fort defensiVe ditch, ca. AD 200 Roman Helmet Crest made of hair moss Metal ArFfacts: Bronze, silVer, Iron The Vindolanda Writing Tablets The first le[er found read: Infra-red Photography “I have sent you socks used to read the le[ers and underwear” The Vindolanda Wring Tablets “The Birthday InVitaon” Claudia SeVera to her Lepidina greeFngs. -
Hadrian's Wall 1999-2009
HADRIAN’S WALL 1999-2009 HADRIAN’S WALL HADRIAN’S WALL 1999-2009 A summary of recent excavation and research prepared for the Thirteenth Pilgrimage of Hadrian’s Wall, 2009 HADRIAN’S WALL 1999-2009 The Pilgrimage of Hadrian’s Wall (a tradition going back to 1849) takes place every ten years, giving all who are interested in the remains of Rome’s most elaborate frontier a chance to revisit the remains and hear about the latest archaeological developments. This specially prepared book, with contributions from all the major excavators on the Wall, describes research and discovery that has taken place since the last pilgrimage in 1999. This has been an extraordinary decade for Wall-research, featuring the discovery of the probable ancient name for the barrier, and the recognition Compiled by N. Hodgson of a previously unknown element of its anatomy (obstacles in front of the Wall), which is the rst such addition to our image of the Wall in modern times. This book explains where the new information is to be found, and will appeal to all who visit or study Hadrian’s remarkable frontier. CUMBERLAND & WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE Compiled by N. Hodgson Front cover: the Staffordshire Moorlands Pan, inscribed with the names of Wall- forts and the probable ancient name of the Wall (courtesy of Portable Antiquities Scheme) Back cover: emplacements for obstacles between the Wall and its ditch, under excavation at Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne 551114_TWM_COVER.indd1114_TWM_COVER.indd 1 117/07/20097/07/2009 009:319:31 CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND ANTIQUARIAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE HADRIAN’S WALL 1999-2009 A Summary of Excavation and Research prepared for The Thirteenth Pilgrimage of Hadrian’s Wall, 8-14 August 2009 compiled by N. -
Rome's Northern European Boundaries by Peter S. Wells
the limes hadrian’sand wall Rome’s Northern European Boundaries by peter s. wells Hadrian’s Wall at Housesteads, looking east. Here the wall forms the northern edge of the Roman fort (the grass to the right is within the fort’s interior). In the background the wall extends northeastward, away from the fort. s l l e W . S r e t e P 18 volume 47, number 1 expedition very wall demands attention and raises questions. Who built it and why? The Limes in southern Germany and Hadrian’s Wall in northern Britain are the most distinctive physical remains of the northern expansion and defense of the Roman Empire. Particularly striking are the size of these monuments today and their uninterrupted courses Ethrough the countryside. The Limes, the largest archaeological monument in Europe, extends 550 km (342 miles) across southern Germany, connecting the Roman frontiers on the middle Rhine and upper Danube Rivers. It runs through farmland, forests, villages, and towns, and up onto the heights of the Taunus and Wetterau hills. Hadrian’s Wall is 117 km (73 miles) long, crossing the northern part of England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea. While portions of Hadrian’s Wall run through urban Newcastle and Carlisle, its central courses traverse open landscapes removed from modern settlements. The frontiers of the Roman Empire in northwestern Europe in the period AD 120–250. For a brief period around AD 138–160, Roman forces in Britain established and maintained a boundary far- ther north, the Antonine Wall. The frontier zones, indicated here by oblique hatching, are regions in which intensive interaction took place between the Roman provinces and other European peoples. -
AW Nr5 Okt2010.Indd 48 03-10-2010 08:30:52 the Debate
THE DEBATE The fate of the Ninth The curious disappearance of Legio VIIII Hispana © ajbdesign.com Andrew Brozyna, IN 1954, ROSEMARY SUTCLIFF PUBLISHED A NOVEL ABOUT ROMAN BRITAIN. The last testimony of the presence of IT CAUGHT THE IMAGINATION OF AN ENTIRE GENERATION OF READERS WITH the Ninth Legion in Britain. Dated to AD 108, it testifies to a building project ITS TALE OF THE NINTH LEGION, DESTROYED IN THE MISTS OF SCOTLAND. A undertaken by the legion. BBC DRAMATISATION CAPTIVATED A FRESH GENERATION IN 1977. AND NOW A NEW MOTION PICTURE IS SET TO REVIVE INTEREST IN THE faTE OF THE LOST LEGION. BUT WAS IT REALLY DESTROYED IN BRITAIN DURING THE REIGN OF It was clearly a military building inscrip- tion, dating from the time when Roman HADRIAN? OR HAVE WE faLLEN FOR A MYTH THAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN LAID builders were gradually refurbishing TO REST FIFTY YEARS AGO? the early turf-and-timber forts and fortresses in Britain, and reconstructing their defences in stone. The find-spot By Duncan B Campbell survived, however, for scholars of the was close to the original location of day to reconstruct the original text: the south-east gate into the legionary On the morning of 7 October 1854, The fortress of Eburacum. So the inscription York Herald and General Advertiser “The Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajan probably celebrated the construction of carried a short report, tucked away in the Augustus, son of the deified Nerva, the gateway, built by the emperor per bottom corner of an inside page. Under Conqueror of Germany, Conqueror legionem VIIII Hispanam (“through the the headline “Antiquarian Discovery of Dacia, Chief Priest, in his twelfth agency of the Ninth Hispana Legion”). -
1 the Army and the Spread of Roman Citizenship MYLES LAVAN This
The army and the spread of Roman citizenship MYLES LAVAN This paper draws recent advances in our knowledge (much of it owed to the proliferation of military diplomas) and a new analytical method to quantify the number of soldiers and their children who received Roman citizenship between 14 and 212 C.E. Although significant uncertainties remain, these can be quantified and turn out to be small relative to the overall scale of enfranchisement. The paper begins by reviewing what is known about grants of citizenship to soldiers, with particular attention to the remaining uncertainties, before presenting a quantitative model of the phenomenon. The total number of beneficiaries was somewhere in the region 0.9-1.6 million – significantly lower than previous estimates have suggested. It also emerges that the rate of enfranchisement varied substantially over time, in line with significant changes in manpower, length of service (and hence the number of recruits and discharged veterans) and in the rate of family formation among soldiers. KEYWORDS Roman army; Roman citizenship; Demography; auxilia; uncertainty; quantification This is the author-final version of an article forthcoming in Journal of Roman Studies 109 (2019) (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-roman-studies). © copyright holder. * I am grateful to the Leverhulme Trust and Arts and Humanities Research Council for Research Fellowships that funded this research. This article is supported by supplementary online appendices at <URL to be added>. Service in the Roman army is the best attested of the routes by which provincials acquired Roman citizenship in the imperial period. The process is documented by the rapidly growing corpus of military diplomas, which now number more than 1,200. -
Viri Militares Moving from West to East in Two Crisis Years (Ad 133 and 162)1
CHAPTER 4 Viri Militares Moving from West to East in Two Crisis Years (Ad 133 and 162)1 Anthony R. Birley 1 Introduction Something needs to be said about the term viri militares. Livy applied the term to Laelius and other men on Scipio’s staff, to whom the general awarded deco- rations.2 Sallust uses the term homines militares for two praetors of 63 BC.3 His prime example of a homo militaris is M. Petreius, who had “won great glory in the army for more than thirty years as tribune or legate or praetor.”4 Tacitus seems to have applied the term to men of lower rank, when lamenting how under Domitian “so many armies had been lost, in Moesia and Dacia, in Germany and Pannonia, by the folly or cowardice of their generals, so many military men, with so many cohorts, had been defeated in battle and taken prisoner.”5 Augustus’ reform of the political and military system reduced the opportu- nities for lengthy service and of course for winning glory. Corbulo had been up against the changed conditions under Claudius, and is said by Tacitus to have reacted to the emperor’s ban on his campaigning beyond the Rhine by sighing 1 This paper is a postscript to A.R. Birley, ‘Two governors of Dacia Superior and Britain’, in V. Iliescu, D. Nedu, A.-R. Barboş, eds., Graecia, Roma, Barbaricum. In Memoriam Vasile Lica (Galati 2014), 241–59, where it is shown that the Hadrianic expeditio Brittannica named in two inscriptions must refer to Hadrian’s visit to Britain in AD 122; and that the careers of the two officers known to have served in it (ILS 2726 and 2735) cannot be taken to prove that there was a ‘second war’ in the island during his reign, as is still claimed. -
Approved Products List (APL)
Product Evaluation Program (PEP) Approved Products List (APL) Prepared By: Product Evaluation Program 206 South 17th Avenue, Room 198 Phoenix, AZ 85007 [email protected] Published: 09/07/2021 APL-9-2021 ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION APPROVED PRODUCTS LIST September 2021 Definitions Definitions AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADOT Arizona Department of Transportation ADT Average Daily Traffic APL Approved Products List ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials C&S Contracts & Specifications FHWA Federal Highway Administration MASH Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware Second Edition MatPEC Materials Product Evaluation Committee SDS Safety Data Sheet MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NTPEP National Transportation Product Evaluation Program PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement PRIDE Product Resource Investment Deployment and Evaluation. Effective February 1, 2011, the PRIDE program’s name was changed to Product Evaluation Program TCPEC Traffic Control Product Evaluation Committee TL2 Test Level 2 as defined in MASH TL3 Test Level 3 as defined in MASH TL4 Test Level 4 as defined in MASH i APL-9-2021 ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION APPROVED PRODUCTS LIST September 2021 Table of Contents The APL is a list of categorized products that have been determined to meet ADOT’s Standard and Stored Specifications, and have been approved for potential use on roadway construction projects. The APL is a resource for ADOT staff, local