Distribution and Abundance

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Distribution and abundance In the Slovak Republic the brown bear is present in the mountain areas of central and northern Slovakia. The East Carpathian population reaches as far as to the Low Beskids and the Bieszczady Mountains in the North-Eastern Slovakia but these areas are connected only in Poland (Kropil, 2014). According to the most recent report on the brown bear conservation status prepared by the European Commission, its population size is estimated at 600-900 individuals (Anonymous, 2012a). In terms of size the Slovak bear population is second only to Romania. Its mountain population is estimated at 800-1100 individuals (data of 2010-2011) (Kaczensky et al. 2013). It is assumed that currently 95% of the eastern Carpathian bear population lives in Slovakia, the other 5% in Poland and the Czech Republic. Within the country 2 main partially isolated subpopulations have been identified: eastern and western, connected only in Poland and Ukraine. The western bear subpopulation size is approx. 800 – 900 individuals. It was reconstructed from a very small relic population which had only 20-60 individuals in the 1930’. It was probably when, due to intensive hunting, the population was divided into 2 isolated subpopulations. According to estimations prior to World War I only 120 bears lived in Slovakia and the population rapidly declined in the following years due to hunting. As a result, in 1928 the population size was only 35 -40 individuals. It was not before the species was put under protection in 1932 that the population size started to rebuild slowly. Currently the brown bear inhabits most of the mountains of central and northern Slovakia. The cumulative area of bear population is estimated at 14200 km2 (of which 13000 km2 is inhabited by the western subpopulation) (Rigg and Adamec 2012). Distribution and abundance 1.

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Numbers and Distribution
Numbers and distribution The brown bear used to occur throughout the whole Europe. In the beginning of XIX century its range in Poland had already contracted and was limited to the Carpathians, the Białowieża Forest, the currently non-existent Łódzka Forest and to Kielce region (Jakubiec and Buchalczyk 1987). After World War I bears occurred only in the Eastern Carpathians. In the 1950’ the brown bears was found only in the Tatra Mountains and the Bieszczady Mountains and its population size was estimated at 10-14 individuals only (Buchalczyk 1980). In the following years a slow population increase was observed in the Polish Carpathians. Currently the brown bear’s range in Poland is limited to the Carpathians and stretches along the Polish-Slovak border. Occasional observations are made in the Sudetes where one migrating individual was recorded in the 1990’ (Jakubiec 1995). The total range of the brown bear in Poland is estimated at 5400-6500 km2. The area available for bears based on the predicative model for the habitat is much larger and may reach 68 700km2 (within which approx. 29000 km2 offers suitable breeding sites) (Fernández et al. 2012). Currently experts estimate the numbers of bears in Poland at merely 95 individuals. There are 3 main area of bear occurrence: 1. the Bieszczady Mountains, the Low Beskids, The Sącz Beskids and the Gorce Mountains, 2. the Tatra Mountains, 3. the Silesian Beskids and the Żywiec Beskids. It must be noted, however, that bears only breed in the Bieszczady Mountains, the Tatra Mountains and in the Żywiec Beskids. Poland is the north limit range of the Carpathian population (Swenson et al.
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Longitude±21°00'-22°00' E, Latitude±49°15' ±49°50'N
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