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Implementing an International Mountain Convention an Approach for the Delimitation of the Carpathian Convention Area

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Implementing an International Mountain Convention an Approach for the Delimitation of the Carpathian Convention Area Implementing an international mountain convention An approach for the delimitation of the Carpathian Convention area European Accademy of Bolzano Institute for Regional Development Bolzano, February 2006 Authors: Flavio V. Ruffini, Thomas Streifeneder & Beatrice Eiselt European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC-Research) Institute for Regional Development Viale Druso 1 I-39100 Bolzano/Bozen (Italy) In collaboration with: Harald Egerer United Nations Environment Programme - Vienna Interim Secretariat of the Carpathian Convention UNEP Vienna - ISCC Programme Officer, Natural Resources Vienna International Center PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna (Austria) Luca Cetara, Pier Carlo Sandei & Egizia Ventura, Coordination Unit “Alpine Convention – International Mountain Agreement/IMA”, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC-Research) Viale Druso 1 I-39100 Bolzano/Bozen (Italy) English Editor: April Siegwolf Zurzacherstr. 234 CH-5200 Brugg (Switzerland) Cover Design: Studio Mediamacs Wolfgang Töchterle Via Perathoner-Str. 31 I-39100 Bolzano/Bozen (Italy) Printed by: La Bodoniana; I-39100 Bolzano/Bozen (Italy) Citation: Flavio V. Ruffini, Thomas Streifeneder & Beatrice Eiselt (2006): Implementing an international mountain convention – An approach for the delimitation of the Carpathian Convention area. European Accademy, Bolzano/Bozen. ISBN 88-99906-20-7 © EURAC-Research, 2006 Bolzano, February 2006 CONTENTS Contents...............................................................................................................................................1 Tables...................................................................................................................................................3 Figures .................................................................................................................................................5 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................9 Preface ...............................................................................................................................................11 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................15 1.1 The Carpathian mountains...................................................................................................15 1.2 Aim and structure of the report.............................................................................................16 2 Approach and methodology of the study.................................................................................17 2.1 Objective of the study...........................................................................................................17 2.2 The approach .......................................................................................................................17 2.3 The Study Area ....................................................................................................................19 3 The Framework Convention of the Carpathians......................................................................21 3.1 Background and objectives ..................................................................................................21 3.2 Scope of application.............................................................................................................22 4 The Carpathians: Existing delimitations ..................................................................................25 4.1 The Carpathians delimited by the Convention Countries.....................................................25 4.2 Ecological delimitations........................................................................................................27 4.2.1 The Carpathian Ecoregion .......................................................................................27 4.2.2 The bio-geographical regions of Europe ..................................................................28 4.2.3 The European ecological regions.............................................................................28 4.3 National delimitations of the Carpathians.............................................................................31 4.3.1 National Proposals for the scope of application .......................................................31 4.3.2 Mountain laws of the Carpathian Countries .............................................................40 4.3.3 Romanian orographic units ......................................................................................42 5 Basics for a transnational delimitation.....................................................................................43 5.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................43 5.2 Principles of the Carpathian Convention: Starting point for the delimitation ........................43 5.3 Defining the mountain area ..................................................................................................44 5.3.1 Mountain delimitations in the Alps............................................................................46 5.3.2 Transnational mountain delimitations.......................................................................50 5.3.3 Conclusions and implications for the Carpathian delimitation ..................................52 5.4 Nature protection..................................................................................................................54 5.4.1 Basic strategies ........................................................................................................54 5.4.2 Nature protection in the Carpathians........................................................................55 5.4.3 Conclusions and implications for the Carpathian delimitation ..................................57 5.5 Natural landscape aspects: Geology and orography ...........................................................61 5.5.1 Geology ....................................................................................................................61 5.5.2 Orography ................................................................................................................62 5.5.3 Conclusions..............................................................................................................63 5.6 River basin management .....................................................................................................64 5.6.1 Basic principles ........................................................................................................64 5.6.2 River basin management and delimitation of the convention area...........................64 5.6.3 Conclusions..............................................................................................................66 EURAC Research & UNEP 1 Contents 5.7 Rural Development.............................................................................................................. 68 5.7.1 International framework guidelines .......................................................................... 69 5.7.2 Measuring rurality on a large scale.......................................................................... 70 5.7.3 Rural development in the Carpathians .................................................................... 71 5.7.4 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 74 5.8 Aspects of functionality and implementation of the Carpathian Convention........................ 76 6 Analysis of existing delimitations ............................................................................................ 77 6.1 Basic aspects of the analysis .............................................................................................. 77 6.2 Mountain delimitations......................................................................................................... 77 6.3 Ecologically important areas................................................................................................ 81 6.4 Geological aspects ..............................................................................................................88 6.5 Regional development......................................................................................................... 89 7 Delimiting the convention area: A possible approach ........................................................... 91 7.1 Preliminary considerations .................................................................................................. 91 7.2 Important principles for the delimitation of the convention area .......................................... 91 7.3 The proposed procedure for the delimitation of the convention area .................................. 93 7.3.1 Level one: The rough draft delimitation of the area ................................................. 94 7.3.2 Level two: Fine-tuning.............................................................................................. 99 7.4 Analysis of the results........................................................................................................ 104 7.5 Concluding remarks........................................................................................................... 106 8 References...............................................................................................................................
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