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ALKALINE FENS IN POLAND Alkaline fens have been the subject of particular interest of the Naturalists’ Club for over 20 years. Based on conducted inventory, field research and knowledge acquired thanks to them, we undertook many conservation measures through- out Poland. The experience we gained was shared in our pu- blications, published as part of the implementation of pro- jects for alkaline fens protection in northern and southern Poland. This book is an attempt to summarize the knowled- ge we have had so far and which we had gained over the past few years implementing projects for their protection throughout the country. We would like to dedicate this book to all people involved in the protection of alkaline fens, the most valuable ones – like in the Rospuda river valley as well as many other in the other corners of our country. To those supporting us, co- Alkaline fens in Poland – diversity, resources, conservation resources, – diversity, fens in Poland Alkaline -workers, in particular one who stays in our memory - Jola Kujawa-Pawlaczyk, who contributed to protection of many peatlands. DIVERSITY, RESOURCES, CONSERVATION ISBN 978-83-63426-30-9 ALKALINE FENS IN POLAND Alkaline fens have been the subject of particular interest of the Naturalists’ Club for over 20 years. Based on conducted inventory, field research and knowledge acquired thanks to them, we undertook many conservation measures through- out Poland. The experience we gained was shared in our pu- blications, published as part of the implementation of pro- jects for alkaline fens protection in northern and southern Poland. This book is an attempt to summarize the knowled- ge we have had so far and which we had gained over the past few years implementing projects for their protection throughout the country. We would like to dedicate this book to all people involved in the protection of alkaline fens, the most valuable ones – like in the Rospuda river valley as well as many other in the other corners of our country. To those supporting us, co- Alkaline fens in Poland – diversity, resources, conservation resources, – diversity, fens in Poland Alkaline -workers, in particular one who stays in our memory - Jola Kujawa-Pawlaczyk, who contributed to protection of many peatlands. DIVERSITY, RESOURCES, CONSERVATION ISBN 978-83-63426-30-9 Alkaline fens in Poland – diversity, resources, conservation Editors: Lesław Wołejko, Paweł Pawlaczyk, Robert Stańko Reviewer: prof. dr hab. Jacek Herbich Technical editorial: Magdalena Makowska Layout: Barbara Rynkiewicz Translation: ATOMINIUM Specialist Translation Agency Radosława Wróbel, Ivan Kinsman, Bartłomiej Matulewicz Ewa Gutowska Fundacja Snopowiązałka, Polkowo e-mail: [email protected] Dorota Horabik Klub Przyrodników, Świebodzin e-mail: [email protected] Filip Jarzombkowski Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Falenty Fundacja Snopowiązałka, Polkowo e-mail: [email protected] Andrzej Jermaczek Klub Przyrodników, Świebodzin e-mail: [email protected] Katarzyna Kotowska Fundacja Snopowiązałka, Polkowo e-mail: [email protected] Łukasz Kozub Zakład Ekologii Roślin i Ochrony Środowiska, Instytut Botaniki, Wydział Biologii, Centrum Nauk Biologiczno-Chemicznych, Uniwersytet Warszawski Centrum Ochrony Mokradeł, Warszawa e-mail: [email protected] Zofia Książkiewicz - Parulska Zakład Zoologii Ogólnej Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu e-mail: [email protected] 2 Jolanta Kujawa-Pawlaczyk Katedra Botaniki Leśnej Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu Magdalena Makowska Klub Przyrodników, Świebodzin e-mail: [email protected] Paweł Pawlaczyk Klub Przyrodników, Świebodzin e-mail: [email protected] Paweł Pawlikowski Zakład Ekologii Roślin i Ochrony Środowiska, Instytut Botaniki, Wydział Biologii, Centrum Nauk Biologiczno-Chemicznych, Uniwersytet Warszawski Centrum Ochrony Mokradeł, Warszawa e-mail: [email protected] Rafał Ruta Katedra Bioróżnorodności i Taksonomii Ewolucyjnej, Uniwersytet Wrocławski e-mail: [email protected] Anna Smolarska Zespół Parków Krajobrazowych Województwa Śląskiego, Żywiec e-mail: [email protected] Robert Stańko Klub Przyrodników, Świebodzin e-mail: [email protected] Grzegorz Vončina Pieniński Park Narodowy, Krościenko nad Dunajcem e-mail: [email protected] Lesław Wołejko Zakład Meteorologii, Botaniki i Kształtowania Terenów Zieleni Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny, Szczecin e-mail: [email protected] Publishing House of Naturalists’ Club (Wydawnictwo Klubu Przyrodników), 2019 ISBN 978-83-63426-30-9 3 Proposed citing: Wołejko L., Pawlaczyk P., Stańko R. (eds) 2019. Alkaline fens in Poland – diversity, resources, conservation. Naturalists’ Club, Świebodzin. Książkiewicz – Parulska Z. 2019. Terrestrial snails of alkaline fens. In: Wołejko L., Pawlaczyk P., Stańko R. (eds) 2019. Alkaline fens in Poland – diversity, resources, conservation. Naturalists’ Club, Świebodzin, pp. 81-87. Published in a frame of LIFE13 NAT/PL/024 project „Alkaline fens conservation in southern Poland”. LIST OF CONTENT 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HABITAT TYPE ................................................ 7 1.1. Definition of natural habitat 7230 ............................................................................7 1.2. General characteristics of habitat 7230 ....................................................................9 2. STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALKALINE FENS IN POLAND .... 11 2.1. Ecohydrological type ................................................................................................11 2.2. Genesis and age of alkaline fens .............................................................................27 2.3. Stratigraphic components of alkaline fens ............................................................30 2.4. Soils of alkaline fens .................................................................................................37 2.5. Alkaline fens in the system of ecological gradients .............................................40 2.6. Physicochemical factors decisive for diversity of vegetation in alkaline fens ...41 3. PLANT COVER .................................................................................................. 49 3.1. Plant communities specific for alkaline fens .........................................................49 3.2. Indicative plant species ............................................................................................59 4. THE FAUNA OF ALKALINE FENS ................................................................... 67 4.1. General aspects .........................................................................................................67 4.2. Terrestrial snails of alkaline fens ............................................................................81 5. ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY ................................................................................... 88 5.1. Ecology of an ecosystem with favourable conservation status ...........................88 5.2. Ecosystem ecology during degradation and regeneration ..................................91 6. HABITAT 7230 IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ................................................. 97 7. THE CURRENT OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ALKALINE FENS IN POLAND ................................................................. 101 7.1. General characteristics of alkaline fen resources in Poland ............................. 101 7.2. Areas and centers of occurrence of habitat 7230 of key significance to its conservation in Poland: characteristics of regional resources. .............. 102 5 8. ALKALINE FENS (NATURAL HABITAT 7230) IN POLISH PROTECTED AREA NETWORK .................................................................... 171 8.1. Alkaline fens resources in protected areas ......................................................... 171 8.2. Natura 2000 sites.................................................................................................... 172 8.2.1. Alkaline fens resources in the network .................................................... 172 8.2.2. Conservation of alkaline fens within Natura 2000 sites ......................... 194 8.3. National Parks ........................................................................................................ 199 8.4. Nature reserves ...................................................................................................... 207 8.4.1. Representation of alkaline fens in the nature reserve network ............. 207 8.4.2. Conservation of alkaline fens in nature reserves .................................... 223 8.5. Other protected areas ............................................................................................ 225 9. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES .................................................................................. 229 10. NATURE PROTECTION PRACTICE ............................................................. 239 10.1. Projects aimed at protection of alkaline fens in Poland ................................. 239 10.2. Support for agricultural management protecting alkaline fens ..................... 245 11. MONITORING ................................................................................................. 249 11.1. GIOŚ Monitoring (State Environmental Monitoring) .................................... 249 11.1.1. GIOŚ Methodology ................................................................................... 249 11.1.2. GIOŚ monitoring results obtained to date ............................................
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  • The Case of West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

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    2018, 26(1)26(1): 69–81 MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS Vol. 23/2015 No. 4 MORAVIAN MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS Institute of Geonics, The Czech Academy of Sciences journal homepage: http://www.geonika.cz/mgr.html Figures 8, 9: New small terrace houses in Wieliczka town, the Kraków metropolitan area (Photo: S. Kurek) doi: 10.2478/mgr-2018-0006 Illustrations to the paper by S. Kurek et al. The development of peripheral areas: The case of West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland Martin KEBZA a * Abstract The process of peripheralisation of outlying areas is discussed in this article using a case study of West Pomeranian (Zachodniopomorskie) Voivodeship in Poland. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between these peripheral areas and metropolitan core areas. Scalar and vector data on selected indicators in the years 2005 and 2015 for gminas (communes, territorial units NUTS 5) are presented. The values for both years were observed as well as the change between them. A composite indicator based on the calculated data was developed, and it served as the basis for categorisation of metropolitan, 'semi-peripheral' and peripheral areas, which were further defined on the basis of their intrinsic properties and location in the region. The development of such peripheral areas is assessed more generally in the conclusions. Keywords: periphery, metropolitan area, regional development, West Pomeranian voivodeship, Zachodniopomorskie, Poland Article history: Received 20 October 2016; Accepted 30 August 2017; Published 31 March 2018 1. Introduction problems, either because of their remoteness, post-war The process of peripheralisation is discussed in this population movements and subsequent changes, or their article – the development of peripheral areas with a negative values on various socio-economic indicators.
  • Presencia De Balea Heydeni Von Maltzan, 1881 (Gastropoda

    Presencia De Balea Heydeni Von Maltzan, 1881 (Gastropoda

    Spira 6 (2016) 91–93 http://www.molluscat.com/spira.html Presencia de Balea heydeni von Maltzan, 1881 (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) en Cantabria Jesús Ruiz Cobo1 & Sergio Quiñonero Salgado2,* 1Grupo de Espeleología e Investigaciones Subterráneas Carballo­Raba, c/ Alcalde Arche s/n, 39600 Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain; 2Associació Catalana de Malacologia, Museu Blau, Plaça Leonardo da Vinci 4­5, 08019 Barcelona, Spain. Rebut el 5 de juliol de 2016 Acceptat el 2 d’octubre de 2016 © Associació Catalana de Malacologia (2016) Balea heydeni von Maltzan, 1881 es un molusco gasterópodo guignat, 1857 como un sinónimo de B. heydeni que tendría priori­ terrestre, perteneciente a la familia Clausiliidae, distribuido por dad. Sin embargo, por las razones aducidas por Gittenberger (2010) y buena parte del suroeste de Europa (Cadevall & Orozco, 2016). En Bank (2011), consideramos que el nombre correcto es Balea lucifuga España se conoce su presencia en Galicia y Asturias (Gittenberger Gray, 1824 (con distinta autoría), y que éste debe considerarse un et al., 2006; Martinez­Ortí, 2006; Cadevall & Orozco, 2016). Aunque sinónimo posterior de Balea perversa. en Cantabria se ha citado Balea perversa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Altonaga Damos a conocer aquí la presencia de B. heydeni en las siguien­ et al., 1994; Cadevall & Orozco, 2016), a pesar de disponerse de un tes 18 localidades de Cantabria (Figuras 1–2). En todas ellas se en­ buen número de muestreos distribuidos por Cantabria, no hemos lo­ contraron conchas vacías en buen estado de conservación. Son las calizado esta especie. Todos los ejemplares del género Balea J.E Gray, siguientes, ordenadas aproximadamente de oeste a este: 1824 recolectados corresponden a B.