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Changing Human Spaceflight Exploration Plans

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Changing Human Spaceflight Exploration Plans National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA’s Changing Human Spaceflight Exploration Plans FISO – 6-13-2018 John Guidi Deputy Director, Advanced Exploration Systems Division Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate NASA The US Space Policy Directive-1 “Lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with commercial and international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities. Beginning with missions beyond low-Earth orbit, the United States will lead the return of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and utilization, followed by human missions to Mars and other destinations.” 2 2016 3 3 National Aeronautics and EXPANDING HUMAN PRESENCE IN PARTNERSHIP ~2017Space Administration CREATING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES, AND ENABLING DISCOVERY 2020s After 2030 Leaving the Earth-Moon Operating in the Lunar System and Reaching Mars Now Vicinity (proving ground) Orbit Using the International Space Station Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Continue research and Begin missions in cislunar Complete next deep testing on ISS to solve space. Initiate next key space capability and exploration challenges. deep space capability. checkout. Evaluate potential for lunar resources. Develop standards. 4 EXPLORATION CAMPAIGN 2018 5 Funding: FY2019 Presidential Budget Request Highlights • Provides $19.9B, including $10.5B to lead an innovative • Develops a series of progressively more capable and sustainable campaign of exploration and lead the robotic lunar missions to the surface of the moon using return of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration innovative acquisition approaches while meeting and utilization followed by human missions to Mars and national exploration and scientific objectives. other destinations. • Begins transition to commercialization of low Earth • Refocuses existing NASA activities towards orbit and ends direct federal government support of the exploration, by redirecting funding to innovative new International Space Station in 2025. programs and providing additional funding to support new public-private initiatives. • Begins a new $150M program to encourage development of new commercial Low Earth orbital • Conducts uncrewed SLS/Orion first flight in 2020, platforms and capabilities for use by the private sector leading to Americans around the Moon in 2023. This will and NASA. be the first human mission to the moon since Apollo 17 in 1972, and will establish U.S. leadership in cislunar • Focuses and integrates space technology investments space. to enable new robotic and human exploration capabilities and missions and contribute to economic • Serves as a catalyst for growth of a vibrant American development and growth by enabling innovative commercial space industry expanding commercial systems and services supporting the emerging space partnerships to strengthen U.S. leadership in space. economy. • Achieves early Human Exploration milestone by establishing a Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway in cislunar space; launching a power and propulsion space tug in 2022. 6 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7 8 8 Funding: FY2019 Presidential Budget Request Highlights • Provides $19.9B, including $10.5B to lead an innovative • Develops a series of progressively more capable and sustainable campaign of exploration and lead the robotic lunar missions to the surface of the moon using return of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration innovative acquisition approaches while meeting and utilization followed by human missions to Mars and national exploration and scientific objectives. other destinations. • Begins transition to commercialization of low Earth • Refocuses existing NASA activities towards orbit and ends direct federal government support of the exploration, by redirecting funding to innovative new International Space Station in 2025. programs and providing additional funding to support new public-private initiatives. • Begins a new $150M program to encourage development of new commercial Low Earth orbital • Conducts uncrewed SLS/Orion first flight in 2020, platforms and capabilities for use by the private sector leading to Americans around the Moon in 2023. This will and NASA. be the first human mission to the moon since Apollo 17 in 1972, and will establish U.S. leadership in cislunar • Focuses and integrates space technology investments space. to enable new robotic and human exploration capabilities and missions and contribute to economic • Serves as a catalyst for growth of a vibrant American development and growth by enabling innovative commercial space industry expanding commercial systems and services supporting the emerging space partnerships to strengthen U.S. leadership in space. economy. • Achieves early Human Exploration milestone by establishing a Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway in cislunar space; launching a power and propulsion space tug in 2022. 9 ISS Utilization and LEO Transition 10 NASA’s and US goals onboard the ISS Enable long duration human spaceflight beyond LEO Enable a commercial market in LEO Advance benefits to humanity through research Basis for international and commercial partnerships 11 Developing the Domestic LEO Space Economy ISS Assembly ISS Utilization Commercial LEO 1998 - 2011 2012 - 2024 Beyond 2024 Exploration technology demonstrations, Research on human effects of spaceflight, Astronaut training (NASA) Fundamental and Applied Microgravity Research (NASA and OGA’s) Manufacturing, Pharma, Materials, Earth observation products Demand Marketing, Advertising, Tourism Cargo Services Crew Transportation Services Microgravity National Laboratory Supply Management and Operations (includes maintenance and integration) Today Key: US Government Private Industry 12 ISS Supply Fleet INTERNATIONAL Retired Progress (Roscosmos) H-II Transfer Vehicle (JAXA) Automated Transfer Vehicle (ESA) COMMERCIAL Coming Soon Cygnus (Orbital ATK) Dragon (SpaceX) Dream Chaser (SNC) 13 DEEP SPACE TRANSPORTATION & GATEWAY 14 14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 15 EM-1 Secondary Payloads 13 CUBESATS SELECTED TO FLY ON EM-1 (2020) • Lunar Flashlight INTERIM • Near Earth Asteroid Scout CRYOGENIC PROPULSION • Bio Sentinel STAGE • LunaH-MAP • CuSPP • Lunar IceCube • LunIR • EQUULEUS (JAXA) • OMOTENASHI (JAXA) • ArgoMoon (ESA) • STMD Centennial Challenge Winners Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage - ICPS 16 16 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 20 17 GATEWAY Lunar Orbital Platform - Gateway Orion 18 18 Robotic arm EVA/science airlock elements, logistic element, more docking Habitation element, docking Power Propulsion Element (PPE) Artist depiction of gateway 19 19 Gateway Functionality • Habitation – Provides habitable volume and short-duration life support functions for crew in cislunar space • Docked to Orion: 30 – 60+ days – Docking ports allow for attachment to the PPE, other Gateway elements and visiting vehicles – Offers attach points for external robotics, external science and technology payloads or rendezvous sensors – Provide accommodations for crew exercise, science/utilization and stowage • Airlock – Provides capability to enable astronaut EVAs as well as the potential to accommodate docking of additional elements, observation ports, or a science utilization airlock • Logistics – Deliver cargo to enable extended crew mission durations, science utilization, exploration technology demonstrations, potential commercial utilization, and other supplies • Power and Propulsion – Station keeping, power systems, SEP transfers to different orbits, propulsion system refueling and transfer. Small lunar landers may obtain refueling for reuse 20 20 21 21 Gateway Concept Investigations U.S. Industry: Five full-scale prototypes in development for ground testing across the U.S. Boeing: Leverages Existing Bigelow: Expandable Technologies One feasibility study on converting a spent rocket stage. Orbital ATK: Lockheed: Refurbishes Sierra Nevada: Builds on proven cargo Heritage Hardware Modular Buildup spacecraft development International Partners: Concepts for contributions and utilization for gateway buildup in cislunar space 22 NextSTEP-2: Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) Studies U.S. industry-led studies for an advanced solar electric propulsion (SEP) vehicle capability. Four-month studies completed March 2018. Lockheed Martin Orbital ATK Space Systems/Loral Boeing Sierra Nevada Denver, CO Dulles, VA Palo Alto, CA Pasadena, TX Louisville, CO Partnered with DSS, Draper, University of Illinois-Urbana Partnered with Aerojet Champaign Rocketdyne, Draper NASA expects to release a draft solicitation to U.S. industry for the power and propulsion element in spring 2018 23 GATEWAY UTILIZATION 24 24 Gateway Utilization • Need to design to meet the needs of NASA and stakeholders longterm – Support NASA lunar and Mars mission plans – AND support plans of partners and commercial endeavors for cislunar space • New development programs balance near term technical and resource challenges with long term goals and system performance – Successfully building the gateway and advancing exploration, science and commercial goals • Establishing gateway utilization requirements team during formulation phase – Champion early identification and representation in gateway development – Incorporate stakeholder needs early into the gateway design • Maximizes return for stakeholders, reduces cost of requirement over later incorporation 25 Gateway Utilization – Four Focus Areas to Develop Design • Technology:
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