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Dinámica De Las Comunidades De Lianas Y Epífitas En Bosques Sucesionales De Las Yungas Australes (Sierra De San Javier, Tucumán, Argentina)

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Dinámica De Las Comunidades De Lianas Y Epífitas En Bosques Sucesionales De Las Yungas Australes (Sierra De San Javier, Tucumán, Argentina) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo TESIS DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Dinámica de las comunidades de lianas y epífitas en bosques sucesionales de las yungas australes (Sierra de San Javier, Tucumán, Argentina) Sergio Javier Ceballos Instituto de Ecología Regional (CONICET-UNT) Directora: Dra. Agustina Malizia Co-directora: Dra. Natacha Paola Chacoff 2019 INDICE Agradecimientos ......................................................................................................................... 4 Resumen ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Abstract....................................................................................................................................... 9 Capítulo 1 – Introducción ........................................................................................................ 11 Lianas y epífitas vasculares ................................................................................................. 14 Diversidad de lianas y rol ecosistémico ............................................................................... 16 Diversidad de epífitas vasculares y rol ecosistémico .......................................................... 17 Cambios de las comunidades de plantas en el tiempo........................................................ 18 Dinámica sucesional de lianas ............................................................................................. 19 Dinámica sucesional de epífitas vasculares......................................................................... 21 Dinámica de lianas y epífitas en bosques invadidos por exóticas ...................................... 22 Dinámica de lianas y epífitas en un mismo hábitat ............................................................ 23 Objetivo general ................................................................................................................... 25 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................................ 25 Esquema general de la tesis ................................................................................................. 26 Área de estudio ..................................................................................................................... 27 Lianas y epífitas vasculares en las yungas australes .......................................................... 30 Sitios de estudio .................................................................................................................... 31 Capítulo 2 - La diversidad y densidad de lianas incrementan durante la sucesión forestal y disminuyen con las invasiones de árboles exóticos en las yungas de la Sierra de San Javier, Tucumán ................................................................................................................................... 39 Resumen ................................................................................................................................ 40 Introducción ......................................................................................................................... 41 Métodos ................................................................................................................................. 44 Muestreos .......................................................................................................................... 44 Análisis de datos ............................................................................................................... 46 Resultados ............................................................................................................................. 48 Lianas en un gradiente sucesional ................................................................................... 48 Interacción entre lianas y la estructura forestal durante la sucesión ........................... 54 Lianas en gradientes de densidad de especies de árboles exóticos ................................ 55 Discusión ............................................................................................................................... 57 Lianas en un gradiente sucesional ................................................................................... 57 Interacción entre lianas y la estructura forestal durante la sucesión ........................... 59 Lianas en gradientes de densidad de especies de árboles exóticos ................................ 60 Conclusión ............................................................................................................................ 64 1 Capítulo 3 - Epífitas vasculares en un gradiente sucesional de bosques nativos y en bosques invadidos por especies exóticas ................................................................................. 66 Resumen ................................................................................................................................ 67 Introducción ......................................................................................................................... 68 Métodos ................................................................................................................................. 73 Muestreos .......................................................................................................................... 73 Análisis de datos ............................................................................................................... 75 Resultados ............................................................................................................................. 77 Discusión ............................................................................................................................... 84 Conclusión ............................................................................................................................ 89 Capítulo 4 - Disminución de la densidad y aumento del área basal de lianas a través de 12 años en un bosque maduro de la Sierra de San Javier, Tucumán ........................................ 91 Resumen ................................................................................................................................ 92 Introducción ......................................................................................................................... 93 Métodos ................................................................................................................................. 95 Muestreos .......................................................................................................................... 95 Análisis de datos ............................................................................................................... 96 Resultados ........................................................................................................................... 100 Discusión ............................................................................................................................. 105 Conclusión .......................................................................................................................... 109 Capítulo 5 - Red de interacciones entre epífitas vasculares y árboles en bosques maduros de la Sierra de San Javier, Tucumán .................................................................................... 110 Resumen .............................................................................................................................. 111 Introducción ....................................................................................................................... 112 Métodos ............................................................................................................................... 114 Muestreos ........................................................................................................................ 114 Descripción de la estructura de la red de interacciones entre epífitas vasculares y árboles hospedadores ..................................................................................................... 115 Evaluando modelos para predecir frecuencias de interacción .................................... 116 Evaluando modelos para predecir las métricas de la red ............................................ 117 Resultados ........................................................................................................................... 120 Discusión ............................................................................................................................. 126 Conclusión .......................................................................................................................... 131 Capítulo 6 – Conclusiones ...................................................................................................... 132 Principales resultados obtenidos ....................................................................................... 134 Líneas emergentes de investigación .................................................................................. 137 Implicancias para la conservación .................................................................................... 138 2 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................
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