DOCSLIB.ORG

Pakistan and India Dairy Development Case Studies Steven J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Dairy Development for the Resource Poor Part 3: Pakistan and India Dairy Development Case Studies Steven J. Staal, Alejandro Nin Pratt, and Mohammad Jabbar A Living from Livestock PPLPI Working Paper No. 44-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .............................................................................................................. iii Acronyms ............................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary ................................................................................................. v Overview of the Study .......................................................................................... v A Conceptual Framework for Dairy Development .......................................................... v Comparative Trends in Dairy Development among Countries in East Africa and South Asia....... vii Country Case Studies from South Asia and East Africa – Kenya, Ethiopia, Pakistan and India.....viii Synthesis of Regional and Country Results: Defining an Agenda for Pro-Poor Dairy Policy and Development .................................................................................................... ix An Agenda For Pro-Poor Dairy Policy and Development ................................................. xii Dairy Development in Pakistan ................................................................................... 1 Introduction: Some Dairy Development Trends ............................................................. 1 Policies and Institutions for Improving Dairy Production and Marketing ................................ 4 Other Policies Indirectly Affecting the Dairy Sector ....................................................... 9 Explaining Differences in Dairy Development Between Punjab and Sindh.............................11 Income and Employment Opportunities in Milk Production and Marketing ............................19 Main Lessons from Pakistan’s Dairy Development .........................................................25 Dairy Development in India.......................................................................................29 Introduction......................................................................................................29 Dairy Development Policy .....................................................................................29 Changing Demand Patterns for Dairy Products.............................................................41 Analysis of Regional Differences in Dairy Development in India ........................................43 Income and Employment Generation in the Indian Dairy Sector ........................................54 Main Lessons from Indian Dairy Development ..............................................................59 References ..........................................................................................................63 Tables Table 1: Buffalo and cattle population, Pakistan 1960-2002 (millions) .................................. 2 Table 2: Patterns of household expenditure on food, 1990 and 2000.................................... 3 Table 3: Indicators of milk production growth and related factors for Punjab Province.............13 Table 4: Indicators of milk production growth and related factors for Sindh Province. .............14 Table 5: Employment and income from milk production in Punjab and Karachi. .....................20 Table 6: Income and employment in milk marketing and processing in Lahore, Punjab, and Karachi, Sindh. ........................................................................................24 Table 7: Summary of the Indian dairy sector policy and market environment. .......................30 Table 8: Annual growth rate (%) of production of major livestock products in India. ................32 Table 9: Applied and bound tariffs (%) on selected dairy products in India............................35 Table 10: Growth pattern of livestock population in India: 1951-1992 (million). ......................40 Table 11: Per capita consumption of milk‡ and share of consumer expenditure spent on milk & milk products (kg per capita per year). ........................................................41 Table 12: Income/expenditure elasticity of demand for milk in India. ..................................42 Table 13: Indicator of development of the dairy sector and variables affecting development for different states grouped by level of development indicator (Index of the number of cross-bred cows and milking buffaloes per worker in agriculture)............................46 Table 14: Average values for the indicator of development of the dairy sector and variables affecting development for two groups of states.................................................47 i Table of Contents Table 15: Comparison of values for the indicator of development of the dairy sector and variables affecting development between Punjab and Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. ................................................................................................48 Table 16: Parameter estimates for dairy development in Indian district level information for years 1982, 1987, and 1992, three different dependent variables...................................51 Table 17: Parameter estimates for dairy development, including role of co-operatives, from Indian district level information for years 1982, 1987, and 1992, for three different dependent variables................................................................................................53 Table 18: Employment in dairying in major states of India (in 1,000s) and its distribution in rural and urban areas. ......................................................................................55 Table 19: Percentage distribution of employment in dairying across social groups in major states of India (1999-2000). ....................................................................................55 Table 20: Income and employment in milk production on average in Haryana and Punjab, under different scales of production. .....................................................................57 Table 21: Employment generation in informal milk markets in Punjab and Haryana, and national predictions. ............................................................................................58 Figures Figure 1: Values of milk and various crops in Pakistan, 1997-2002. ...................................... 1 Figure 2: Milk production trends from cattle and buffalo, 1960-2002.................................... 2 Figure 3: Artificial insemination coverage in Punjab Province, 1971-2000.............................. 5 Figure 4: Annual growth in demand for processed milk, 1992-2001. ..................................... 8 Figure 5: Milk production per capita, Punjab and Sindh, 1960-2000. ...................................15 Figure 6: Milk production per worker, Punjab and Sindh, 1960-2000. ..................................15 Figure 7: Sources and intensity of feed use for animals, 1960-2000.....................................17 Figure 8: Per capita milk consumption, Punjab and Sindh. ...............................................17 Figure 9: Real prices and per capita consumption of milk, Punjab and Sindh provinces, 1960-2000. ............................................................................................18 Figure 10: Share of the total number of farmers and milk production by farm size in Punjab and Sindh, 2002............................................................................................21 Figure 11: Share of employment generation in milk production by farm size in Punjab and Sindh, 2002. ...................................................................................................22 Figure 12: Share of different livestock products in total value output from livestock products, 2000-01 ................................................................................................29 Figure 13: Comparison of milk and dairy product flows through alternative markets in India. ......36 Figure 14: Changes in milk utilization patterns in India, 1951 and 1995. ................................43 Figure 15: Index of the number of cross-bred cows and milking buffaloes per worker as a measure of development of the dairy sector plotted against GDP per capita.........................45 Figure 16: Milk procured to co-operatives and development of the dairy sector measured as number of cross-bred cows per worker in agriculture by state.........................................49 Figure 17: Relationship between milk procured by co-operatives and development of the dairy sector measured as an index of the number of cross-bred cows and milking buffaloes per worker in agriculture (district level)..............................................................49 ii PREFACE This is the 44th of a series of Working Papers prepared for the Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI). The purpose of these papers is to explore issues related to livestock development in the context of poverty alleviation. Livestock is vital to the economies of many developing countries. Animals are a source of food, more specifically protein for human diets, income, employment and possibly foreign exchange. For low income producers, livestock can serve as a store of wealth, provide draught power and organic fertiliser for crop production and a means of transport.
Recommended publications
  • Guidance Note on Safety and Quality of Traditional Milk Products

    Guidance Note on Safety and Quality of Traditional Milk Products

    Guidance Note No. 14/2020 Guidance Note on Safety and Quality of Traditional Milk Products Summary This Document intends to help Food Businesses ensure hygiene and sanitation in manufacturing and sale of milk products particularly sweets. It focuses on enhanced declaration by sellers [Shelf Life, made of ghee/vanaspati], guide test for detection of adulteration, quality assessment by observation of flavours, body texture, colour and appearance etc. It also contains suggestions for addressing adulteration and ensuring effective regulatory compliance. This document is also expected to enhance consumer awareness about safety related aspects of traditional sweets, quick home tests and grievance redressal. Key Takeaways a. Ensure hygiene and sanitation in preparation and sale of sweets as well as other regulatory compliances including display of shelf life of pre-packaged as well as non-packaged milk products for consumer information. b. Ascertain the freshness and probability of adulteration by observing the colour, texture and flavour of milk products. There are simple tests to identify adulteration in milk products. c. Regular surveillance and enforcement activities on sweets by regulatory authorities. This Guidance Note has been prepared by Mr Parveen Jargar, Joint Director at FSSAI based on FSSAI resources including Regulations, Standards and DART Book. This note contains information collected and compiled by the author from various sources and does not have any force of law. Errors and omissions, if any can be kindly brought to our notice. Guidance Note on Milk Products Introduction India has a rich tradition of sweets with a variety of taste, texture and ingredients. Traditional milk-based sweets are generally prepared from khoya, chhena, sugar and other ingredients such as maida, flavours and colours e.g.
  • THE HIGH COURT of SINDH, KARACHI Suit No. 1009 of 2014

    THE HIGH COURT of SINDH, KARACHI Suit No. 1009 of 2014

    THE HIGH COURT OF SINDH, KARACHI Suit No. 1009 of 2014 [Umair Shahab (since deceased) thr. his LRs Shahab Mazhar Bhalli & others versus Province of Sindh & others Plaintiffs : Umair Shahab (since deceased) through his legal heirs Shahab Mazhar Bhalli and others, through Khawaja Shams-ul-Islam, Advocate. Defendants 1, 2, 4 & 5 : Province of Sindh & others, through Mr. K.A. Vaswani, Assistant Advocate General Sindh. Defendant 3 : Karachi Metropolitan Corporation through Mr. M. Shaban Solangi, Advocate. Alleged Contemnors 1 & 7 : Nemo. Alleged Contemnor 2 : Through Mr. Obaid-ur-Rehman, Advocate. Alleged Contemnors 4 & 5 : Through Mr. Muhammad Ahmed Pirzada, Advocate. Alleged Contemnor 6 : Through Mr. Muhammad Shaban Solangi, Advocate. Alleged Contemnors 3, 8-10: Through Mr. K.A. Vaswani, Assistant Advocate General Sindh. Dates of hearing : 04-02-2020, 24-02-2020, 11-03-2020 & 13-03-2020. Date of decision : 25-06-2020. O R D E R Adnan Iqbal Chaudhry J. – This order is to dispose of CMA No. 8198/2014 and CMA No. 2858/2015 pending in the captioned suit. 2. The suit was filed by Umair Shahab. Pending suit he passed away and his legal heirs are now Plaintiffs. Per the plaint, in the year 1973, the KMC had allotted to the Plaintiff‟s predecessor, namely Abdul Razzaq, four adjoining industrial plots in the Wool Washing Area, Cattle Colony, Landhi, Karachi, each plot measuring 4000 sq. yds., total 16,000 sq. yds. (hereinafter „the suit land‟); that Abdul Razzak was in continuous possession of the suit land; that in the year 2013, the Plaintiff purchased the suit land from Abdul Razzaq, and on 29-01-2013 the KMC executed registered lease deeds in favor of the Plaintiff, and since then, the Plaintiff was in possession of the suit land in a common boundary wall; that on 02-05-2014, certain unknown persons with fictitious documents accompanied by the police came to the suit land threatening to dispossess the Plaintiff, hence the suit praying inter alia for a permanent injunction against dispossession.
  • Malir-Karachi

    Malir-Karachi

    Malir-Karachi 475 476 477 478 479 480 Travelling Stationary Inclass Co- Library Allowance (School Sub Total Furniture S.No District Teshil Union Council School ID School Name Level Gender Material and Curricular Sport Total Budget Laboratory (School Specific (80% Other) 20% supplies Activities Specific Budget) 1 Malir Karachi Gadap Town NA 408180381 GBLSS - HUSSAIN BLAOUCH Middle Boys 14,324 2,865 8,594 5,729 2,865 11,459 45,836 11,459 57,295 2 Malir Karachi Gadap Town NA 408180436 GBELS - HAJI IBRAHIM BALOUCH Elementary Mixed 24,559 4,912 19,647 4,912 4,912 19,647 78,588 19,647 98,236 3 Malir Karachi Gadap Town 1-Murad Memon Goth (Malir) 408180426 GBELS - HASHIM KHASKHELI Elementary Boys 42,250 8,450 33,800 8,450 8,450 33,800 135,202 33,800 169,002 4 Malir Karachi Gadap Town 1-Murad Memon Goth (Malir) 408180434 GBELS - MURAD MEMON NO.3 OLD Elementary Mixed 35,865 7,173 28,692 7,173 7,173 28,692 114,769 28,692 143,461 5 Malir Karachi Gadap Town 1-Murad Memon Goth (Malir) 408180435 GBELS - MURAD MEMON NO.3 NEW Elementary Mixed 24,882 4,976 19,906 4,976 4,976 19,906 79,622 19,906 99,528 6 Malir Karachi Gadap Town 2-Darsano Channo 408180073 GBELS - AL-HAJ DUR MUHAMMAD BALOCH Elementary Boys 36,374 7,275 21,824 14,550 7,275 29,099 116,397 29,099 145,496 7 Malir Karachi Gadap Town 2-Darsano Channo 408180428 GBELS - MURAD MEMON NO.1 Elementary Mixed 33,116 6,623 26,493 6,623 6,623 26,493 105,971 26,493 132,464 8 Malir Karachi Gadap Town 3-Gujhro 408180441 GBELS - SIRAHMED VILLAGE Elementary Mixed 38,725 7,745 30,980 7,745 7,745 30,980 123,919
  • Preparatory Survey Report on the Project for Construction and Rehabilitation of National Highway N-5 in Karachi City in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan

    Preparatory Survey Report on the Project for Construction and Rehabilitation of National Highway N-5 in Karachi City in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan

    The Islamic Republic of Pakistan Karachi Metropolitan Corporation PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF NATIONAL HIGHWAY N-5 IN KARACHI CITY IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN JANUARY 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY INGÉROSEC CORPORATION EIGHT-JAPAN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS INC. EI JR 17-0 PREFACE Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to conduct the preparatory survey and entrust the survey to the consortium of INGÉROSEC Corporation and Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. The survey team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and conducted field investigations. As a result of further studies in Japan and the explanation of survey result in Pakistan, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste for their close cooperation extended to the survey team. January, 2017 Akira Nakamura Director General, Infrastructure and Peacebuilding Department Japan International Cooperation Agency SUMMARY SUMMARY (1) Outline of the Country The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (hereinafter referred to as Pakistan) is a large country in the South Asia having land of 796 thousand km2 that is almost double of Japan and 177 million populations that is 6th in the world. In 2050, the population in Pakistan is expected to exceed Brazil and Indonesia and to be 335 million which is 4th in the world.
  • Chapter 8 Value Chain

    Chapter 8 Value Chain

    Chapter 8 Value Chain Chapter 8 Value Chain 8.1 Marketing 8.1.1 Milk (1) Distribution Channels In Pakistan, 34.058 million ton of milk was produced for human consumption in 2007/08.1 Cattle colonies in urban cities provide a plenty of milk to urban consumers, while most of rural producers consume milk by themselves and sell only surplus at the rural areas. Although the production of processed milk has been increasing, 97% of the milk sold is fresh milk. In this section, the present situations regarding distribution channels, prices, mechanisms to determine prices of milk, and the related associations; and the limiting factors and the possible countermeasures for value chain improvement of milk are described as below. (a) Urban cities: In urban cities such as Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur, cattle colonies were established and provide large amount of milk to urban areas. Table 8-1-1 depicts the number of lactating animals and the size of production at those colonies. Table 8-1-1 Lactating Animals and Milk Production at Colonies Animal Population Milk Production Name of Cattle Colonies (head) per day (liter) Karachi 1 Landhi Cattle Colonies and surrounding 345,416 2,763,328 2 Nagori Dairy Farming Society and Surrounding 171,873 1,374,984 3 Al-Madina Stat 11 and surrounding 75,130 601,040 4 Qurashi Colony and surrounding 142,144 1,137,152 5 Surjani Dairy Colony and surrounding 91,362 730,896 6 Baldia (Mawach Goth) Orangi Town and 200,849 1,606,792 surrounding 7 Billal Cattle Colony and surrounding 122,364 978,912 8 ShairPaoGidder Colony and surrounding 105,274 842,192 Total in Karachi 1,254,412 10,035,296 Hyderabad 1 New Cattle Colony 6,049 n.a.
  • An Assessment of Pollution in Major Creeks Around Port Qasim

    An Assessment of Pollution in Major Creeks Around Port Qasim

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquatic Commons Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol. 18(1&2), 1-9, 2009. AN ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION IN MAJOR CREEKS AROUND PORT QASIM Muhammad Uzair Khan, Kanwal Nazim, Moinuddin Ahmed, Syed Shahid Shaukat, Qadeer Mohammad Ali, Agha Tahir Hussain Durrani, Wafra Matanat Zaheen Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Pakistan (MUK, KN, QMA, WMZ); Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology, Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan (MA, SSS); Sindh Forest Department, Government of Sindh (ATHD). e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Discharge of industrial and domestic wastes in sea alter the physical and chemical properties of sea water, which may affect the marine ecosystem. This study was aimed to measure the water quality of eight different creeks around Port Qasim. Samples were collected and analyzed using standard procedures during February and March, 2009. The parameters including pH, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate, Chloride, Calcium, Potassium, Zinc, Iron, Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese and Cadmium were determined. The result shows that Bakran creek and Gharo-Phitti creeks are heavily polluted compared to other creeks. This study recommends that wastes from the industries or sewerage should be treated before being discharge into the creek system. Key words: Creeks, Port Qasim, nutrients, Gharo-Phitti, Bakran INTRODUCTION Pollution of water bodies is a major concern in the developing nations. According to various workers (Fakayode, 2005; Emongor et al., 2005; Furtado et al., 1998; Ugochukwu, 2004; Altman and Parizek, 1995) anthropogenic activities i.e.
  • Indian Sweets

    Indian Sweets

    Mithai MITHAIS, also known as "Mishtaan" (meaning sweet food), are synonymous with celebrations in India. Any good news is that of a promotion, marriage, birth in a family is invariably heralded with a box of sweets. Our favourite expression is "muh meetha karo". An astounding variety of sweets is available from different parts of the country. Most mithai are actually quite easy to make and once you’ve mastered making these delicacies at home, you will hardly need to go to a sweet shop. Recipes included are Rasgulla Chum chum Dry Fruit Mithai Halwas Desi Ice-creamsi Quick MithaI Barfis Sugar Free Mithai http://www.theasiancookshop.co.uk/mithai-2051-p.asp Indian sweets From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Gulab Jamun, one of the most popular Indian sweets. Nollen Sandesh. Indian sweets or Mithai, are a type of confectionery that rely heavily on sugar, milk and condensed milk, and cooked by frying, however the bases of the sweets vary by region. In the Eastern part of India for example, milk is a staple, and most sweets from this region are based on milk products. Varieties of Indian Sweet Indian rice pudding, also known as kheer. Jalebi, a popular sweet in Delhi, India. Matka Kulfi, flavored frozen sweet dish made from milk. Rasgulla, a popular sweet dish made from cottage cheese. Different varieties of sweets served on a Pumsavanam function. [edit] Barfi Barfi is a popular sweet made of dried milk with ground cashews or pistachios. [edit] Parwal Ki Mithai Parwal Ki Mithai is a dry sweet made of parwal.
  • December 2013 405 Al Baraka Bank (Pakistan) Ltd

    December 2013 405 Al Baraka Bank (Pakistan) Ltd

    Appendix IV Scheduled Banks’ Islamic Banking Branches in Pakistan As on 31st December 2013 Al Baraka Bank -Lakhani Centre, I.I.Chundrigar Road Vehari -Nishat Lane No.4, Phase-VI, D.H.A. (Pakistan) Ltd. (108) -Phase-II, D.H.A. -Provincial Trade Centre, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Askari Bank Ltd. (38) Main University Road Abbottabad -S.I.T.E. Area, Abbottabad Arifwala Chillas Attock Khanewal Faisalabad Badin Gujranwala Bahawalnagar Lahore (16) Hyderabad Bahawalpur -Bank Square Market, Model Town Islamabad Burewala -Block Y, Phase-III, L.C.C.H.S Taxila D.G.Khan -M.M. Alam Road, Gulberg-III, D.I.Khan -Main Boulevard, Allama Iqbal Town Gujrat (2) Daska -Mcleod Road -Opposite UBL, Bhimber Road Fateh Jang -Phase-II, Commercial Area, D.H.A. -Near Municipal Model School, Circular Gojra -Race Course Road, Shadman, Road Jehlum -Block R-1, Johar Town Karachi (8) Kasur -Cavalry Ground -Abdullah Haroon Road Khanpur -Circular Road -Qazi Usman Road, near Lal Masjid Kotri -Civic Centre, Barkat Market, New -Block-L, North Nazimabad Minngora Garden Town -Estate Avenue, S.I.T.E. Okara -Faisal Town -Jami Commercial, Phase-VII Sheikhupura -Hali Road, Gulberg-II -Mehran Hights, KDA Scheme-V -Kabeer Street, Urdu Bazar -CP & Barar Cooperative Housing Faisalabad (2) -Phase-III, D.H.A. Society, Dhoraji -Chiniot Bazar, near Clock Tower -Shadman Colony 1, -KDA Scheme No. 24, Gulshan-e-Iqbal -Faisal Lane, Civil Line Larkana Kohat Jhang Mansehra Lahore (7) Mardan -Faisal Town, Peco Road Gujranwala (2) Mirpur (AK) -M.A. Johar Town, -Anwar Industrial Complex, G.T Road Mirpurkhas -Block Y, Phase-III, D.H.A.
  • List of Settlements Evicted 1997

    List of Settlements Evicted 1997

    List of displaced settlements 1997 – 2005 Urban Resource Centre A-2/2, 2nd Floor, Westland Trade Centre, Commercial Area, Shaheed-e-Millat Road, Karachi Co-operative Housing Society Union, Block 7 & 8 Karachi Pakistan Tel: +92 21 - 4559317 Fax: 4387692 Web site : www.urckarachi.org E-mail: [email protected] XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX I Appendix – : List 1 Details of the some recent Evictions cases Settlement /area Date No. Reasons Houses bulldozed Noor Muhammad Village Karsaz 29/05/97 400 KWSB wanted to build its office building Junejo Town Manzoor Colony 05/10/97 150 KDA land Garam Chashma Goth Manghopir 22/11/97 150 Land grabbers were involved. Umer Farooq Town Kalapul 23/02/98 100 Bridge extension Manzoor Colony 21/05/98 20 Liaquat Colony Lyari 17/10/98 190 KMC declared a 100 years old settlement as an amenity plot. Glass Tower Clifton 26/11/98 10 Parking for Glass Tower Ghareebabad, Sabzi Mandi and Quaid 28/12/98 250 Access road for law & order e Azam Colony agencies Buffer Zone 10/02/99 35 Land dispute Kausar Niazi colony North Nazimabad 17/02/99 30 Land dispute Zakri Baloch Goth Gulistan-e-Jauhar 15/03/99 250 Builders wanted the land for high rise construction Al Hilal Society Sabzi Mandi 15/03/99 62 Builders involved Sikanderabad Clony KPT 23/08/99 40 KPT reclaimed its land Gudera Camp New Karachi 17/11/99 350 Operation against encroachments Sher Pao Colony M.A. Society 29/11/99 60 Amenity plot Gilani railway station 20/01/00 160 Railway land Grumandir 02/08/00 37 shops Road extension by the KMC Chakara Goth Nasir Colony
  • Gastronomy and Its Impact on Tourism: a Case Study on Regional Cuisine of Coastal Odisha, India Puspanjali Mohapatra * Dr

    Gastronomy and Its Impact on Tourism: a Case Study on Regional Cuisine of Coastal Odisha, India Puspanjali Mohapatra * Dr

    International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 6, June 2017, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell‟s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Gastronomy and its impact on Tourism: A Case study on Regional Cuisine of Coastal Odisha, India Puspanjali Mohapatra * Dr. Soumendra Nath Biswas** ABSTRACT: Effort has been made in this study to understand the impact of Gastronomy on Tourism development. Gastronomy is the art and science of cooking and serving food to satisfy the consumer of all ages in all situations. It is an integral part of any celebration whether it is a joy or death. It has great impact on Tourism Promotion because no tour is complete without good food. Food is well related with the culture of any civilization. Authentic food is compulsory with celebration of ethnic culture. Local cuisine is one of the most important products of Special interest Tourism in India. To get experience of local culture tourists must taste the local food. In ancient time Cooking was mainly done to fill up the stomach and to digest food outside the stomach, now a days it is most difficult study or science. Not only cooking food, its garnish, accompaniments, texture, temperature, decoration and nutrient contents are all equally important. Food, through the choice of dishes and preparation, forms an integral part of life and remains the natural expression of hospitality.
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    Perspective Writing the review of literature: rasgulla as metaphor Nandita Chattopadhyay, DCH, DNB (Ped), FAIMER Fellow Professor of Pediatrics, IQ City Medical College Durgapur, West Bengal Corresponding Author: Dr Nandita Chattopadhyay 22-M, Srinath Mukherjee Lane, Kolkata 700030 Email: chattnan at gmail dot com Received: 10-OCT-2014 Accepted: 14-DEC-2014 Published Online: 31-DEC-2014 Abstract The author uses the metaphor of the Indian sweet, rasgulla, to unravel the details of how to conduct a literature search, and demonstrates thereby, how to structure a review of literature. The process also illustrates that a scientific temperament can be beneficial in any walk of life. Keywords: Review of literature; thesis-writing Navratri had come to a victorious end with friendship; we proposed to use scientific Dassera – a festival of joy for all. Bengalees methods to resolve the issue. Our knowledge call it ‘Bijaya Dasami’ – the celebration of of rasgullas, apart from the enchanting taste, victory of good and truth over evil; the best was very limited, and we had many way to celebrate it is with sweets. On the unanswered questions in our minds. Dr Patra eve of Bijaya Dasami I met my old friend suggested that we temporarily divert our from Orissa, Dr Patra, in the hospital minds from medicine to rasgulla and try to corridor. find an answer to my question: Where did rasgullas originate from and do they have “Let’s celebrate,” he said, so we went to the global acceptance? We would consider this cafeteria to treat each other to the king of our research question and would review the sweets – rasgullas.
  • Purpose of Dairy Its Maintenance and Product

    Purpose of Dairy Its Maintenance and Product

    1 Article Manual Food Technology By Arjun Shukla B.Sc Biotechnology M.Sc. Zoology (Entomology) Mitali Gupta B.E (Electrical & Electronic Engg.), M.E. Control System Purpose of dairy its Maintenance and Product 2 Introduction: India derives nearly 33% of the gross Domestic population from agriculture and has 66% of economically active population, engaged in agriculture. The share of livestock product is estimated at 21% of total agriculture sector. The fact that dairying could play a more constructive role in promoting rural welfare and reducing poverty is increasly being recognized. Milk production alone involves more than 70 million producers, each raising one or two cows/ buffaloes primarily for milk production. The domesticated water buffalo is one of the gentlest of all farm animals; hence it can be breeded easily. The dairy sector offers a good opportunity to entrepreneurs in India. India is a land of opportunity for those who are looking for new and expanding markets. Growth prospects in the dairy sector are very bright. Dairy development in India has been acknowledged the world over as one of modern India’s most successful development programme. India is the second largest milk producing country with anticipated production of about 78 million tons during 1999- 2000. The production of milk products stood at 3.07 lakh tones in 1999-2000. Production of milk powder including infant milk food has risen to 2.25 lakh tons in 1999- 2000, whereas that of malted food is at 65000 tons. Off late market for milk products is showing a steady increase. Dairy farming has been part of agriculture for thousands of years, but it was usually done on a small scale on mixed farms with little distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle.