Dhananj.yu8CI GlIdgil Lib,.') Ilm~iEmm~1911 GIPE-PUNE-O I 065 I PRACTICAL SOCIALISM FOR BRITAIN BY THE SAME AUTHOR

THE INEQUALITY OF INCOMES IN MODERN COMMUNITIES. pp. xii + 376. Third im­ pression with new appendix. 19z5. 10'. 64. PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC FINANCE. Pp. xv + 297. Eighth Edition. 1929. S" TOWARDS THE PEACE OF NATIONS: A STUDY IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS. pp. aj + 316. 1928. SI. (With oIlier autllors) UNBALANCED BUDGETS: A STUDY OP TRII FINANCIAL CRISIS IN FlnllltN COUNTRlltS. Pp. aj + 468• 1934. lSI. PRACTICAL SOCIALISM FOR BRITAIN

By HUGH DALTON

THIRD IMPRESSION

LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, Lm. BROADWAY HOUSE: 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.C 1936 First Publishttl . . Mtvd II" S,nmd Impr,uioll • 1111,7 19JJ Third ImprmiOll • ltlllMilry Inl CONTENTS CHAP. PAGB PUFACB. vii

PART I. INTRODUCTORY I TaB BACKGROUND 01' BRITISH POLITICS 3 II RETROSPECT 16 III THB AIMS OF SOCIALISM 26

PART II. DEMOCRACY IV WHAT IS DEMOCRACY? 31 V THB HOUSB OF CoMMONS • 34 VI REFORM OF PAR~ENTARY PROCEDURB 44 VII EMBRGENCY LEGISLATION • 68 VIII THB HOUSB 01' LORDS 71 IX 50MB PROBLEMS 01' GoVERNMENT 82

PART III. SOCIALISATION

X FORMS 01' SOCIALISATION 93 XI BROADCASTING • 102 XII ELECTRICITY lOS XIII TRANSPORT 117 XIV COAL AND ITS PRODUCTS 129 XV OTHBR CASES . 140 XVI THB LAND AND AGRICULTURB . 149 XVII WORKERS' CONTROL OF INDUSTRY 161 XVIII TERMS 01' TRANSFER. . 167 v vi CONTENTS

PART IV. FINANCE CHAP. PAGE XIX THE FAILURE OF THE FINANCIERS 181 XX MONETARY POLICY 193 XXI THE BANK OF ENGLAND 303 XXII CONTROL OF LoNG-TERM CREDIT 210 XXIII CONTROL OF SHORT-TERM CREDIT 23 1

PART V. PLANNING

XXIV THE NATURE AND OBJECTS OF ECONOMIC PLANNING. 243 XXV EMPLOYMENT THROUGH PLANNED DEVELOr- MENT 253 XXVI GEOGRAPHICAL PLANNING • 267 XXVII NATIONAL PARKS AND FORESTS AIm TilE NATIONAL TRUST 284 XXVIII THE LoCATION OF INDUSTRY 299 XXIX EXTERNAL TRADE 30 3 XXX THE MACHINERY OF PLANNING • 309

PART VI. EQUALITY

XXXI TOWARDS SOCIAL EQUALITY 319 XXXII SOCIALISM AND PRIVATE PROPERTY 329 XXXIII INHERITED WEALTH • 334

PART VII. PEACE

XXXIV CROSS CURRENTS OF HOPE AND FEAR 347 XXXV THE LABOUR PARTY'S FOREIGN POLICY 365 INDEX 387 PREFACE THIS book has grown out of my work during the past three years as a member of the National Executive of the Labour Party. The political events of 1931 have led the Labour Party, through electoral defeat and through a passing phase of discouragement and self-distrust, to a new and more vigorous life. In 1934 we have regained ,confidence in ourselves and, as the by-elections and the local elections show, we have regained the con­ fidence of at least as large a number of the electors as in 1929, hitherto the high water mark of our advance. Those who speculate on the results of the next general election are only divided as to whether we shall win a clear majority in the next House of Commons, or, falling a little short of this, shall constitute a powerful Parliamentary Opposition, needing, for that majority, only a relatively small access of further strength. There is to-day a widespread interest in the Labour Party's policy, both domestic and foreign, and a grow­ ing desire, often in most unexpected quarters, for a Labour victory at the polls. , Since 1931 we have been engaged in thinking out our policy afresh, in greater detail than ever before, and in relation 'to the present needs, national and international, of these troubled days. As a member of the National Executive of the Party. and of its Policy Committee, I have had, together with many others, some share in this thinking and some personal vii viii PREFACE responsibility for its results. Three years' work cul­ minated in October, 1934, at Southport at the Annual Conference of the Party, which accepted the Execu­ tive's proposals FOT Socialism and Peace. This docu­ ment, with others which it summarises, contains the marching orders which a Labour majority would take to Westminster, and Labour Ministers into their Depart­ ments. It represents the deliberate will of our Party, the basis of our next appeal to the country, the pro­ gramme of our action if that appeal succeeds. I claim for this book no official authority. It is an individual contribution and I have not hesitated to express my personal opinions and sometimes to em­ phasise them. But, on essentials, the programme which I advocate is that which the Labour Party, at its last three annual conferences, has approved. If any of my readers are curious to know how closely I stick to the official texts, they have only to read the latter for themselves..~'- .f•• ·._ ••••• Within the .J.:~'bpur .Parl~!~t!~ese three years there has beep~4ea1thy stir of-id~~ ~~ some internal controversy/Much more,. indeed, '1,1)

Abercrombie. Prof. Patrick. Anglo-Penian OU Co .• 307 267. 270. 289 Anglo-Soviet Trade Treaty Aberdeen. 28~3 (1934).305 Acceptance houses. 183. 207. Arbitration. General Act of. 231HJ. 308 3S5. 369 Acquisitiv' Society. Th. (by Armaments. 218. 352-3. 370. R. H. Tawney). 93. 165 372.38a Addison. Rt. Hon. Christo­ Arma manufacture. 14.5-6. pher. 20. 286-7. 289-90. 36c>-1. 372-3. 378• 381 30 7 Arnold. Lord. 71 Admiralty. 136. 38c>-1 Arnold-Fenter. W .• 362• 377. Adshead. Prof. A. D .• 274 384 Advisory Financial Counell. Asquith. Lord. 339 315 Attlee. Major Clement Afforestation. 160. 2S5. 262. Richard. 169. 366• 37S. 283. 29S. 297. 30a 384 Aggression. 360. 368 Aubrey. Commander. 380 Agricultural land. 154-5. 157- Australia, 208 lS9 Austria. 189.208.379 Agricultural Marketing Act. Austria-Hungary. 3S1 60 Agriculture. 22. 128. 157-8. 182. 236. 267. 286. 29S. Bailey. Prof. F. G .• 289 30 7.311 Bailey. Mr. John. 287. 289 Air Force. 136 Bakelite. 137 Air Ministry. US. 381 Baldwin. Rt. Hon. Stanley. Air transport. JI8. uS-6 341HJ.384 Alexander of Jugoslavia.King. Balfour. Lord. 47. 3S8 3So Balfour. Mr. George. 332 Alternative vote. 36 Bank for International Settle- Amazon. 364 ments. 187. 203. 219 America. s" U.S.A. Bank of England, 169. 183. Amwica Mllst Chaos, (by 186-7. 189. 191. 20~IO. H. Wallace). 305 212-16, 232. 234-S. 238- Anglo-Irish Treaty. 6 9. 263-4. 308• 31S INDEX Banking, Banks, 182-6, 190, British Broadcasting Corpor­ 196, 207, 231-2, 237, 263 ation, 97, 102-4, 142 Banking (by Dr. W. Leaf), British Commonwealth, 305, 203 356, 365, 371 Banking Corporation, 234-8 British Draft (Disarmament) Barclay's Bank, 233 Convention (1933), 361-2 Bames, Major Harry, 271, British Electrical and Allied 275,277 Manufacturers' Associa­ Bamsley,60 tion, 107 Barrie, Sir C. C., 120, 332 British Museum, 292 Beale, Sir John, 120 Broadcasting, 102-4, 113, 141 Beatty, Admiral Lord, 358 Bryan, William Jennings, 193 Belfast, 38 Bryce, Lord, 78 Belgium, 31, 208 Buckmaster, Lord, 44 Belgravia, 151 Building Societies, 224-5, Bentham, Jeremy, 17 228-9 Berkshire, 289 Bulgaria, 208 Berle, Mr., 332 Bums, Rt. Hon. John, 267 Bevin, Mr. Ernest, 125 .. Big Five, The," 232-5, 237 Cadogan Estate, 152 Birmingham, Annual Con- Caimgorms, 289 ference of the Labour California, 107 Party at (1928), 18 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Black and Tans, 6 Henry, 48, 50 Blackett, Sir Basil, 195, 248, Campbell Case, 18 259 Canada, 107, 115, 199 Blatchford, Robert, 17 Canals, 1I8, 125-7 Board of Education, 324 Capital1evy, 327 Board of Trade, 3II, 381 Capitalism, 223, 244-50, 252. Bolivia, 363-4 254. 256, 312, 320, 326. Boothby, Mr. Robert, 228 329, 337, 354, 386 Bottomley, Horatio, 210 Carlisle, 270 Brailsford, Mr. H. N., 217, Cassel, Prof., 247 329 Central Banks, 187, 203, 208 Brazil, 21 7 Central Banks (by Sir C. Brentford, Lord, 10 Kisch),208 Britain,31-2, 104-5, III, 114, Central Electricity Board, II 7, 150, 153, 183, 187, 108-12, 122-3, 142, 227 194,198-9,201,223,252, Chamberlain, Rt. HOD. Sir 267,286,301,305-6,330, Austen, 48, 50, 339-40, 347,377 357.363 Britain's Industrial Future, Chamberlain, Joseph, 10 225 Chamberlain, Rt. HOD. British Broadcasting Com­ Neville, 187 pany, 102 Channel Islands. 342 INDEX Charing Crou. 274 i Colwyn Committee on Na­ Chelsea. 152 tional Debt and Taxa­ Chile. 2oS. 380 tion.342 China. 370 Commilsioner5 of Crown Churchill. Rt. Hon. Winston. Lands. 156 21. 57. 75. 187. 258• 339. Committee of Imperial De­ 34~ fence. 230 Citrine. Mr. Walter. 161-2 Committee on the Allocation Cily 01 T_~OVJ 8114 ill of Parliamentary Time. Pla1l1li1l1 (by I.e Cor­ 49-,2.54.56.58.66 busier). 269. 273 Commons. Open Spaces and Civil Aviation. International­ Footpaths Preservation isation of. 125. 359. 372- Society. 285 3.375.377 Communism. S-6 Civil Servants. 93. 313 CommnnUrts. 35. 248 Civil Service. 11-12. 14. 206. Companies Act (1929). 210 31 3 Compensation. 169-77. 282- Clark. Mr. Colin. 214. 223. 226. 283.337 257. 261. 274; 299. 301 Confiscation of private pro- Clay. Prof. Henry. 331 perty. I~. 171. 173. Clift. Mr. John. 162 17~. 237. 327 Clynes. Rt. Hon. John Congre&S.32 Robert. 24 Conservative Government. 45. Coal, 113.115-6. 129-40. 146. loS 175. 255. 307 Conservative Party. 16. 19. Coal "114 Commonsm.s. (by 47.30 3 the Labour Party). 133 C01ISlitulion (A) lor th. S,," Coal Mines Act (1930). 131 mlis' CommOflweaUlt 01 Coal royalties. 131-2 Gpll/J BritGi1l (by Mr. and Coal treatment. 130• 133. MR. Sidney Webb). 78. 135-9 99.330 Coalmines Reorganisation Consular Service. I) Commission. 131-2. 147 COfilrol of 1 ''''~ (by Colin Coastwise shipping. uS. 125- Clark). 223-4. 226. 257. 127 261 Cobbett, William. 274 Cook. Arthur. 114. 130 Cole. Mr. G. D. H .• 17. 231 Co-operative Movement. 147. Collective Peace System. 357. 315.327 363.367.370.372 I, Co-operative Societies. 1)5. Collective Security. 363. 375 , 147. 224 Colombia. 2oS. 364 Co-operative Wholesale Colonial Office. 13. 88 Banks. 237 Colonial Service. 13 Coppock. Mr. R.. 274 Colonies. 365-6 Cornish. Dr. Vaughan. 289 Columbia River. 115 Cornwall, 289 390 INDEX Corporative State. 94 Department of Scientific and Cotton. 146. 307 Industrial Research. 13.5 Council for the Preservation Derelict A rea (A) .. /I Study 0/ of Rural England. 285. th~ S.W. Durham Coal­ 2 89 field (by T. Sharp), 132 Court of Appeal. 80 Development Fund. 26z-3. Courtaulds. 211 265 Courthope. Sir George. 120. Devonshire. Duke of, 72 297 Dickinson. Goldsworthy Coventry. 22 Lowell. 352 Craven. Sir Charles. 380 Dictatorship. 32-3 Credit Anstalt. 189 Diesel locomotives. 124 Crighton. J .. 73 Diplomatic Service. 13 Cromwell. Oliver. 77 Disarmament. 358. 362-3. Crown. the. 9-11. 55. 72• 74- 372-4.378 76. 78. 83. 149. 156. 204. Disarmament Conference. 286 349. 356• 358-9. 361-3. Crown Colonies. 217 371• 373. 380 Crown lands. 150 Distribution of electricity. 105. Cunliffe. Lord. 183 109. 111-12 Cur~ao. 364 Dominions. 9. 31. 34. 40. 80. Currency and Bank Notes Act 199.217.311.356.365-6. (1928). 202. 209 377 Currency. Banking and Fin­ Dominions Office. 88 ance (by the Labour Donoughmore Committee. 63- Party). 192. 204-14 64, 68 Czechoslovakia. 31. 208 Dovedale, 289 Drake,Mrs. Barbara, 325 Daily Herald. 24 Durbin. Mr. Evan. 198 Dallas. Mr. George. 159 DurhaxD, 130. 132, 134 Danube Basin. 306 Dying Peace, The (by Vigil­ Dardanelles. 379 antes),357 Dartmoor. 281. 289 Davenport. Mr. E. H.. 211. Ebury Farm. 151 225. 227 Economic Advisory Council. Davies. Miss. 151 3 14 Davis. Mr. Norman. 360 Economie Consequencu o/the Death Duties. 153. 157. 173-6. Peace (by J. 1tl. Keynes). 266. 290. 292-3. 329-30. 3 335. 337-43 Economic Planning. 154. 205. Defence of the Realm Act. 68 243. 309. 3 15 Deflation. 182. 197 Economics of Inheritance (by Democracy. 27. 31-3. 45. 49. J. Wedgwood). 335-6. 67.71.99. 161 342 DenInark. 199. 208. 219. 361 Education. 321-3. 326 INDEX 391 Edwards. Mr. Ebenezer. 13.5 Fabian Society. 23 Edwards. Mr. Tryltan. 274 Fascism • .5. 169 Egypt. 217 Fellowes. Air Commodore Einzig. Mr. Paul. 186. 188. P. F.M.• 377 189 Feudal system. 149 Electoral law. 37. 40-1 Finance. 27. 181-2. 184~. Electoral Reform Bill (1931). 190-2. 196. 202. 230-1. 36 262. 264-5. 312 Electric Boat Co .• 379-80 Finance Bill • .5 2 • .55-7 Electricity. 10.5. 107. 110-13. Financ;ns anti til_ Nation (by 122.124.127.130.140-1. T. Johnston). 73. 185. 268. 272. 300-1 237 Electricity Commission. 106- Finland. 31.208 108. 111-12 Five-Year Plans. "4 Electricity Supply Act (1919). .. Flight of capital." 218. 238 106-7 Flour-milling. 147 - (1926). 108-9. 115 Foch. Marshall. 358 Electrification. 107. 113-14. Fokker. Mr. Anthony. 349 121-3. 136. 255. 263. 294 Food distribution. 147 El""IfIts of Political Economy FOf' Socialism anti PMCI. ,II_ (by 1. Fisher). 335 Labour Party's Pro­ Ellerman. Sir john. 338 ".amm_ of Action. 15. Emergency legislation. 68 141 Emergency Powers Act (1920). Foreign loans. 217-18 68 Foreign Office. 11-14.88. 188. Employment, 69 307.355 Engineering. 146 Foreign policy of the Labour England. 3. 6-7. 38• 109. 289. Party. 366 322.379 Forest of Dean. 289 Equality (by R. H. Tawney). Forestry Commission. 156. 320-1 286.294-8.311 Essays in Pnsuasion (by Foundling Site. 286 J. M. Keynes). 261 Frameworll of an o"tUr,tl Estonia. 208 Soci,ty (by Sir A. Salter). Etchells. Mr. Frederick. 269 62. 248 Europe. 3. 6. 31. 62. 67. 189. France. 31. 183. 188-9. 199. 294. 311• 349. 354. 359- 208. 311. 361. 385 60.368.377 Francis Ferdinand. Archduke. Exchange Clearing Act (1934). 350 219 Free trade. 303-". 306 Exchange control. 219 Frick. Dr.• 358 Exchange rates. 198-200 Friendly Societies. 169 Executive of the Parliamen- Fuel Research Board. 137 tary Labour Party. 83 Exmoor.291 Gardiner. Mr. A. G .• 339 p.S. cc 392 INDEX General Council of the Trade Hastings, Annual Conference Union Congress. 83. 85. of the Labour Party at 133. 167 (1933). 82. 373 General Strike (1926). 4-5 Hastings. Dr. Somerville. 324 Generating stations. 105-12. Flatry fraud. 210 124 Harvkws 0/ DIGJA (by P. J. Geneva. 351. 355. 357-8. 363. Noel-Baker). 379 365. 371. 380 Health, 322. 324-5 Geneva Protocol. 363 Henderson, Rt. Hon. Arthur, Geographical planning. 113. 12. 14. J6-17. 22. J88, 128. 229. 267-8. 283-4. 352,355.362-3.366.37°, 302 384 George. Henry. 152 Hewart, Lord, 63 ~any. 5.7.35-6. 107. 121. Hills. Rt. Hon. Maj. John 181. 183. 185. 188-9. 191. Waller,23z 208.255.311.358.362-3. Hitler, Herr AdoU, 358 373-4. 379. 384-5 HolborD, 39 G1adstone. William Ewart. 10 Holland. 7, 3 I Glasgow. 39 Home Rule Bill, 10 .. Gold Group." 188. J99 Hooley, E. T .• 73 Gold standard. 183. 187-8. Hoover, President. 360 192-3. 198-9. 203. 216. Hopkins. Prof. Gowland. z74 263 Hore-Belisha, Mr. L .• M.P.• 60 GOIJemmenl ill Transitioll (by Horne. Rt. Hon. Sir Robert. Lord E. Percy). 51. 57. 45. 120. 182, 332 62 I Honse of Commons. 7. II, 18, Gr.Uuun. \Villiam,94. 304 34-5.37.39.41-7.51.54. Great Britain. see Britain 59-60, 63-4. 67. 69-70. Great War. 34lHJ. 3S J• 353-4. 72• 74-80. liZ. 279-80. 367.381 296.299.332• 34lHJ.360, Great Western Railway Co .• 364. 369. 375. 384 JI9-2o.332 Honse of Lords. 31. 37. 48• 56.- Greaves. Mr. H. R. G .• 376 64-5. 69-71. 73-7, 80-1, Greece. 208 106-8. 129. 131, z80, Grenfell. Mr. David. 296 359 Grey. Lord. 353 Housing. ZZI. z24. 25.. -6. z66, .. Grid." J08-J2. J22. 124 269-70• 302. 309-10• 324 Housing and Town Planning lIadow. Sir Henry. 13 Act (1909), z67. z76 Hajlsbam. Lord. 108. 115. J77 - (1919). z77 lIaldane. Mr. T. G. N .• 114 Howard. Mr. Peter. 33z lIalifax, 2 70 Howard de WaldeD Estate. lIan.sard, 47 '15z Harcourt. Sir W. Vernon. 339 Howard of Penrith. Lord. 371 lIaidie, James Keir, J7, 47 Hungary. z08. 351 INDEX 393 lIun&don.~d. 164 Ireland. 6 lIyde Park. 286 Iron and atee1 industry. 133. 144-6.307 Imperial Chemical Indusbies. Iron and Steel Trades Con­ 136 federation. 144 Import Duties Adviaory Com­ ItalY• .5. 208 mittee• .59. 61 I. Day, 10 C-. (by W. Japan. 208. 3.56-8, 369-70 Ratbenau). 148 JarroW.I44 India. 217. 36~ Jennings. Dr. W. IVOI'. 4S. India Office. 88 276-7. 280 Industrial legislation. 32.5-6 Jersey. 342 In,quality o/IJIeOffIIS (by the Johnston. Rt. lion. Thomas. Author). 334. 341 73. ISS. 237 Ingleborough. 289 Joint Stock Banks. 191. 203. Inherited wealth. 334. 336-7 206-7. 210. 232-4. 236. Institute of Chartered Ac- 238 countants. 128 Jones. Mr. Joseph. 135 Insurance. 147 Jugoslavia. 208. 351 Insurance Companies. 224. 228-9 Im.llig".' Ala,,', Gwuu Kellogg Pact. 367. 369-70 llIrouglt World CltaOl (by Kent, 134 G. D. II. Cole). 231 Keynes. Mr. Jolm Maynard. I,."Uig"" Ma,,', Way 10 PH­ 3. 190. 225-6. 261. 265-6 """ War (by Prof. G. Kincardine. 282 Murray). 384 Kisch. Sir Cecil, 208 I,."llig"" W_,,', Gwuu 10 Knott, Sir James, 342-3 S0ci41i.ma (by G. B. Kreuger fraud. 210 Shaw). 336 Kylsant, Lord, 210 International Air Force. 359. 376-7 lAboYr .u EtluaUiOfI (by the International Labour Office. Labour Party). 323 371.385 l.IJbot,r .u CoII_"",,, (by International Police Force. the National Executive 359. 372-3. 375-6 of the Labour Party). 82 l,d_lic_1I Poilu Foru• .,f" l.IJbot,r.u 1M Naliofl (by the (by Maj. Attlee). 376 Labour Party). 12. 18. u International relations. 347. Labour Government, 13. 14. 354 60.69.72.75-7. 82-3. 88• Investment, 222. 224-7. 230. 99. 105. 123. 136-7. 140. 232. 261-2. 264-5. 314. 143. 147. 157-8.168.237- 331 I 239. 252. 263. 266, 285. Investment Trusts. 228-9 i 292. 312. 325-6. 34°.366. Iraq. 307 J 368• 372-3. 376 394 INDEX Labour Government. First. Law relating 10 Town /J"tI 363 Country Planning (by -- Second. 11-12. 19. 21-2. W. I. Jennings). 276. 280 26.85.125.159.163.176. Law Society. 128 216. 222. 256-7. 286. Lawrence. Sir Herbert. 379 355-6. 365 Layton. Sir Walter. 304 Labour Movement. 129. 162. Le Corbusier. M .• 269. 272-3. 163 341 . Labour Outlaws War (by A. Leaf. Dr. Walter. 203 Henderson). 367 League of Nations. 189. 218. Labour Party. 7-10. 15-17. 351-2.355-8.363-6.368• 21-4. 26-7. 32-4. 36. 41. 371- 2• 374. 316• 385 44. 49-50• 63-4. 67-'10• League of Nation. Covenant. 72.75-6.83. 86-7.93.97. 367. 369 105. III. 117. 120. 126-7. Lee. Mr. Peter. 133-4 130• 132• 140• 145. 155. Lees Smith. Rt. Hon. H. B .• 15~. 162. 167. 170-2. 56.78 175-'1.182.184. 192. 194. Leicester. Annual Conference 195. 197. 200. 212. 232. of the Labour Party at 234.237.254.286.303-4. (1932). 105 308-9.322-3.325-'1.355. Lenin. H4-15 360• 366-8. 373-4. 378• Liberal Party. 10. 16. 19-21. 382.384 35-6, 303-4. 339 Labour's Fcweign Policy (by Life of William Clisso14 (by A. Henderson). 367 H. G. Wells). 336 Labour's Foreign Policy (by Linnean Society. 292 the New Fabian Research Lithuania. 208 Bureau). 375 Litvinov. M .• 352 Labour's Peace Policy (by A. Liverpool. 39 Henderson). 366-7 Lloyd George. Rt. Hon.David. Lake District. 288 6. 20-1. 140. 339. 380 Land. 149-51. 153. 155. 171. Lloyds Bank. 233. 332 173. 260. 267. 284-5 Loan Funds. 222-3 Lana (The) ana the National Local Authorities. 13. 31-2. Planning of AgricuUure 44.65-'].79.109-10.112. (by the Labour Party). 126-7. 134-5. 138• 155-6. 155. 159 221. 224-5. 221. 254-5. Land values. 152-4 269-']1. 215-80. 282-3. Lansbury. Rt. Hon. George. 285. 281. 290. 295. 301 9. 12. 17.45.286 Local Government Act (1929). Laski. Prof. H. J .. 73 277 Latvia. 208 Local Government Board. 216 Law anll Custom of the Con­ Location of industry. 299- stitution (by Anson). 74 300 Law Lords. 80 Lombard Street, 184 INDEX 395 London. 18, 39. 66. 10.5. u8. Marx. Karl. 7. 17 128. 13.5. 141. lSI. 181. Marxism (by A. J. Williams).7 184. 190. 202. 206. 211. Maurice. Gen. Sir Frederick. 21.5-16.219-21• 233. 264. 274 267. 270-1. 273-.5. 299- Maxton. Mr. James. 60 300.348 Maxwell. Sir John Stirling. London and Home Countiel 272 Traffio Advisory Com­ Means. Mr.• 332 mittee.128 M6fJns '0 Prosperity (by J. M. London and North Eastern Keynes). 266 Railway Co .• U9-20 Mediterranean. 379 London County Council. 128. Mlmlorandum on Parliam..... 271. 27.5. 286 14", Problems and Pro­ London. Midland and Scottish ud"" (by the Labour Railway Co .• 119-20 Party). 63-4. 68. 7.5 London Naval Treaty. 3.56. Metropolitan Water Board. 374 227 London Passenger Transport Midland Bank. 233-4 Board. 128. 142 Milk marketing scheme. 59 Londonderry. Lord. 131. 3.59 Millbank. 151 Long-term credit. 210-11.231. .. Mineral Sanction." 370 310 Miners. 129-30. 134. 139. 164. Lutyens. Sir Edwin. 274 176• 297 Miners' Federation. 133. 135. MacDonald. Mr. James. 24 176 MacDonald. Rt. Hon. James Mining industry. 130-1 Ramsay. 8. 17. 21-2. 24 • Ministry of Agriculture. 157. .50• 63. 71• 83. 87. 163, 159.311 183-.5. 2.57. 286. 314. 357 Ministry of Education. 13 McKenna. Rt. Hon. Reginald. Ministry of Finance. 88. 204. 234 206 McKinnon Wood Committee. Ministry of Health. 13. 276. 381 311 Macmillan. Capt. Harold. Ministry of Labour. 13 248• 299 Ministry of Transport. 125. Macmillan Committee. 207. 311 215-16.219.226.232.236 Modern CCWPcmllion (Tu)_nil Manchester. 39 Prival. Proprrly (by Berle Manchuria. 357. 369 and Means). 332 Manufacture of arms. su Molotov. M .• 352 Arms manufacture Monetary policy. 192. 194. 261 Marconi Company. 102 Money. Sir Leo ChioU&, 153 Marketing Act (1930). 307 M onlag" Norman: _ Study ita Marseilles. 350 F ifJIJfICial SI4IesrNJ-silip Marshall. Alfred. 1.50 (by P. EUWg). 186 INDEX More. Sir Thomas. 272 National Planning Authority. Morris. William. 17 143 Morrison. Rt. Hon. Herbert. National Plannjng of Tranl­ 20. 117. 121. 126. 128. pori (by the Labour 162-4. 313 Party). 117. 170 Mosley. Sir Oswald. 5 National Playing Fields As- Most favoured nation clause. sociation. 285 30 5 National Provincial Bank. 233 Murray. Prof. Gilbert. 384 National Transport Board. 26 My England (by G. Lans­ National Trust for the Preser- bury). 9.12 vation of Places of Nat­ ural Beauty and Historic National Agricultural Com­ Interest, 156, 249. 285. mission. 156. 159 287-8. 291-4 National Council of Labour. National Wages Board. 160 83 Nationalisation. 131. 237 National Council of Labour Naval armaments. 356. 35? Colleges. 7 361 National Electricity Board. Netherlands. 208 112 Neurath. Baron von. 362 National Executive of the New Fabian Research Bureau. Labour Party. 48. 82-3. 223.375 133. 167 New Forest. 286 National Forests. 285. 294. New Industries (Develop­ 298 ment) Act (1932). 301 National Government. 32-3. Niagara. 115 59-60. 68. 83. 85. 128. Nicolson. Hon. Harold. 13 131. 136-7. 142. 159. 184. Nobel Peace Prize. 355 219.' 222. 257. 279. 324. Noel Baker, Prof. Philip. J. 356-7. 366• 373. 381 379.382 National Housing Commis­ Norfolk Broads. 288-9 sion.3lo Northern Ireland. 301 National Income (by C. Clark). Norman. Mr. Montagu. J81. 223 183. 186-90. 204. 208. National Investment Board. 21 5 147. 205. 21:2. :214-16. Norway. 78. 107. 199.208 218. 220-2. 225. 227-30. 235. 239. 301. 310• 314 Office of Works. 293. 311 National Liberal Club. 10 Oil. 131, 135-6. 255. 272• 307 National Parks. 281. 283. 285- Ontario. 115 92• 294.311 Ontario Hydro-Electric Power National Parks Commission. Commission. lIS 156. 290. 291 Optional Clause. 355. 369 National Planning (by C. Ottawa Agreements, 305 Clark). 299, 301 Owen, Robert, 17 INDEX 391 Paddington.271 Poland. 208. 361 Panama Canal. 364 Political democracy. 31. 37. Paraguay. 363-4 41 Park Lane. 233 Political pacifism. 4-6 Parliament Bill (1911). 10.31. Po/ilical (J1UIrlerly. 44 72.75-6.78 Portal. Sir Wyndham. 257 Parliaml1llary Probl8m, afld Portman. Duke of. 151 Proud"r, (by the Labour Portugal. 208. 294 Party). 48 Post Office. 93-5. 142. 228. Par/iaml1llary R'form (by 235 W. I. Jennings). 48 Postmaster-General. 95. 102 Parliamentary time. 47-8 Power. 116-17. 129. 160. 274. Patents and Design. Act 299 (1907). 137 Price level. 192-3. 195-9. 222. Palriolism Limil,d (by the 261 Union of Democratic Price movements. 243. 245-6. Control). 379 250 Payton. Mr. E. L .• 226 Prinriplu of ECOfIomie.s (by Peace. 27.69 A. Marshall). 150 Peace Act. 368-9 Private manufacture of arms • .. Peaceful Change." 382-4 ,,, Arms manufacture Peak District. 289 Private Memben' time. 65-6 Peel. Sir Robert. 10 Prabl"" of IfItlu.slrilJl RlJlalion, Pembrokeshire. 289 (by H. Clay). 331-2 Pen-y-Ghent. 289 Proplrly 0'1 PIlIU? (by H. N. Percy. Rt. Hon. Lord Eustace. BrailsfOld).329 46. 51. 57. 62 Proportional Representation. Permanent Disarmament 35-6.79 . Commission. 374 Public Corporations. 94-5. Peru. 208.364.380 97-8. 104. 108. 157. 162. Petrol. 135-6. 138 229. 235-6. 307"'8. 315 Plafl 0'1 No Pun. (by Mrs. B. Public ownership. 27. 147. Wootton). 244. 246 152-3. 156-8. 167. 207. Plann,tl MonIY (by Sir B. 236• 268. 285. 329. 331. Blackett). 195. 248 341 Planning. 27. 69. 106. no. hb/ic O-WsAiP afltl c_ 118. 138-9. 144. 154-5. p_1iofI (by the 192. 212. 245-51. 266. National Executive of 269.276-9.281-2. 284-5. the Labour Party). 167 300-1. 304-5. 309. 312• Public WOIks. 25,5-60. 262 314 Public WOIks Loan Board. Planning Department of the 164. 221 Government. 214. 221-2. ~ POfIJIr afltl Tnulil 230 D~ (by E. Dur­ Plural voting. 37. 39 bin). 198 INDEX QllestiOft (TIle) of tlu Hovu of Royden, Sir Thomas, 120 Lords (by A. L. Ro"'"Se). Runciman. Rt. Hon. Walter. 71 8. In. 3l9-30 , 364 Quotas. 305-6. 308 Ruskin. John. 17

Railway Companies. tI9-20. Saklatvala. Mr. Shapurji, .5 124 Salisbury. Lord. 75 Railway Trade Unions. tI9 Salter. Sir Arthur, 61-2. 141. Railways. u8-23. 125-8, 169. 21 7. 2 48 175. 255. 263 Samuel Commission of 192.5. Railways Act (1921), 1I9 131. 133. 135 Rathbone. Miss Eleanor, 379 Sandler. M .• 351 Rathenau, 'Valther, 248 Sankey. Mr. Justice, 9) Rationalisation. 144. 191. 248 Sankey Commission of 1919, Ruonstn4ction, a Plea fOf' a 131• 135 National Policy (by H. Sarajevo. 350 Macmillan). 248 Sca.ndina via. 3 I Redistribution of seats, 39-40 School leaving age. 32J Reflation, 197 ScJwoI Navinl 41' (The) 4"" Reichsbank,208 ]w,.iJ. U_ployorl#ftl Rendlesham. 294 (by R. H. Tawney). )2J Reorganisaticm of t"6 Elec- Scotland. 38. log. 116, 289 tricity Supply Industry Second CluJmbws "' T luory (by the Labour Party). and Practiu (by H. B. 105 Lees-Smith).78 Reparations. 183. 383 Sura I Jllem4tIOft(J/. Tiu (by Research, 99. 137 the Union of Democratu: Rhine. 384 Control). 379 Rhineland. 355 Serbia. 351 Rignano. E .• 341 Severn Barrage scheme, 116 Rio de Janeiro, 2 I 7 Shanghai, 107 Road Traffic Act (1930). 125 Sharp. Mr. Thomas, 1)2, 268 Road transport, 1I8. 121. Shaw, Mr. George Bernard. 125-7. 138 17. 336 Robson. Mr. W. A .• 95 Shepherd. llr. ~e, 34 Roman Wall. 289 Shepherd. VeryRev.H.R.L•• Roosevelt. President Frank­ 274 lin D .• 14, 32 • 97. 115, Shipbuilding. I ..... 146 199. 360 I Short-term aedJt, 231-2. 26). Rosebery. Lord. 339 301.310 Roumania, 208 Simon. Rt. HOIL Sir John. Rowse. Mr. A. L. 71 35~. 362,381 Royal Academy. 292 Sl_ (The). IU Story _nd Royal Institute of British SoluJimI (by Maj. H. Architects. 292 Barnes). 271. 277 INDEX 399 Slum•• 1,54.303 Social"",. Criliad aflll COfI­ Smillie. Mr. Robert. 13,5 .'rucliv. (by Ramsay Smoke abatement. 13,5.272 MacDonald), 71. 184 Smokeleu fuel. 136. 138. Socialist C",dil Policy (by E. 272 Durbin). 19B Smuts. Gen .• 370 Socialists. II. 17. 77. 93. 141. Snell. Lord. 74 152.181-2.225.232.249. Snowden. Lord. 8. 17. 21-2. 2,56. 262. 268. 285. 294. 84.87.1,52.1,59.163.187. 319-20 2,57. 292. 339. 341 South Africa. 199. 20S Snowdonia. 289. 294 South America. 199.379-80 Social equality. 69. 319-23. Southern Railway Co.. 119- 32,5.327-8.342-3 21 Social services. ,53. 60. 86. 266. Southport. Annual Conference 28,5. 321. 32,5-6. 330 of the Labour Party at Socialisation. 21. 27.93. 97-9. (1934). 15.33.48.63. 167. 100.10,5.110.133. 141-3. 170.177.254.322.366-7. 146-7. 1,52. 1,54-,5. 1,57. 3730 375. 384 1,59. 162. 16,5. 161-72. Sovi,' FOI'.ip Policy (issued 174-6. 237. 2,5.5. 312• by tho Anglo-Russian 32,5. 327. 332• 337. 343. Parliamentary Com­ 366 mittee). 352 SociGlistJIiOfi 11,,4 TraflStor' Soviet Union. 107. 110. 114- (by H. Morrison). 117-18. IS. 200. 2oS. 249. 259. 121. 127. 163. 313 305.351.355.372 SociGlisaliOfl of Ill. EuurietU Spain. 208. 361 SUPPly 1,,4115117 (by Speaker of the House of G. H.). 124 Commons. 72 Socialised enteJprises. 94-5. Sprlgge. Sir Squire. 274 97-100• 142. 162-3. 170. Stabilisation. 195. 197. 199- 172-5.231.23,5.255.262. 200 309-10. 313-14. 326-7. Stalin.M. Joseph. 352 343 Standing Committees. 47. 52- .. Socialised sector ". 25.5-6. 53. 63-4. 66 258.327 Standing Orders. 47. 54. 56 Socja!ism. 7. 9. 16. 20. 23. 26- SlanxUiMI ;,. til. M i4sI of 31-2. 67. 69.' 100. loS. PWnty (by Mrs. B. Drake). 115. 117. 121. 141-3. 325 152-3. 156. 162. 168-9. State Forests. 29.5-6 246-8. 250. 252. 254. 292. State Planning Department. 312.320-2.326.329.331- 99.313.315 332.334.347.354.385 Stock Exchange. 211-12. 215. SocialisM a"" 1M COfItlitiOfi of 230 1M PIO/>U (by the Labour Stockholm. 156 Party). 192. 232. 254 .. Super-M.inisters." 86-7 INDEX Suppressing tile Private Manu­ Town Planning Act (192,5), factur, of Arms (by P. J. ' 277. 279-80 Noel Baker), 382 I Trade depression. 19. 21-2. Supreme Economic Author- I JJO. 2JJ-12. 222. 266

ity, 310-12. 315 I· Trade Facilities Act. 221. 26,5 Sweden, 6, 62. 107. 121, 195. Trade treaties. 30,5. 308 199. 208. 351 Trade Union Congress. 83. 8,5. Switzerland, 31, 107. 121. I 133. 14,5. 167 208 I Trade Unions. 16-17. 100. I 121.161, 163-,5, 169, 299, Tariffs, 303-4, 306 310. 312, 314, 32,5 Tasmania, 107 Transport, 22, JJ7-18. 129- Tawney, Prof. Richard Henry. 30. 140, 160, 231. 274, 17.93, 165. 320-2 277, 299-301 Taxation. 167. 170, 175-7, Transport. Minister of. JJ2. 189. 229-30, 258. 262, 126-8 265. 311. 321. 326. 333. Transport and General 335 Workers' Union. 12,5 Tea duty. 55 Treasury. 12. 21. 40• ,59. 84. Tennessee River. 115 88. 93-4. 98. 103. 109, Tennessee Valley Authority. 137-8. ISO. 175~. 204. 97 206-9. 2JJ-12. 221. 236. Terms of transfer. 167. 171-2 . 258-9.263-5. 29<>. 29,5~. Textile industry. 147 301. 311. 341-2. 381 Thames. 349 Treaty revision. 383-4 Theory of Social ECMUJmY (by Trinidad. 364 Prof. Cassel). 247 Trustee Acts. 221 Thetford Chase. 294 Twelve Studies ." Soviet Thomas. Mr. Brinley. 255 Russia (by T. G. N. Thomas. Rt. Hon. James Haldane). 114. 249 Henry, 12. 21-2, 88, 257, TlIleJIty-fllJ' Yea,., (by Lord 366 Grey). 353 Thome, Mr. Will, 24 Tyne Valley, 294 Tolpuddle, 291 Towa,.ds tile Peau of Naliofts Ulster,6 (by the Author). 355, UflbalaflUll Budgets (by the 365,384 Author and others). 255 T OWJI and Coufllry Plann.ng Undistributed profits, 223-5, (by Prof. P. Abercrom- • 227-9 bie), 267 • Unemployment, 21-2, 88, Town and Country Planning I 129-30, 138, 166, 168, Act (1932), 154, 276-82, 193, 211-12, 222, 230, 284-5. 29<>,294 244, 248, 252-3, 256-]. TOWJI and CoufIIryside (by T. 259. 266, 300• 303. 311. Sharp). 268 322• 324. 326 INDEX 40I Unemployment benefit. 322 Weir Committee. 107-8. 122. Unemployment Bill (1934). 51 124 Unemployment insurance. Wellington. Duke of. 10 15~0. 184. 221 Wells. Mr. II. G .• 17. 336 Union of Democratic Control. Westminster. Duke of. 151 379 Westminster Abbey. 39 United Kingdom. 343. 361 Westminster Bank. 203. 233 U.S.A .• 7. 14.31.34. 107. uS. Wha' haj>pmed in 1831: a 121.181.185.194-6.199- Recewd (by Sidney Webb). 200. 208. 286. 311. 332. 23 350• 356• 360-1. 37<>-2. Whal Lab0f4' has don, few 379 Agricullu" (by G.DaUas). University representation. 38 159 Unwin. Sir Raymond. 270 Wheatiey. John. 9. 46 Up with Ih, H0f4ses I Down Whyte. Mr. A. P. Luscombe. with Ih' Slums I (by the 152 Labour Party). 254 Williams. Mr. A. J.• 7 Utopia.27Z Williams. Mr. Francis, 219 Wilson. Field Marshal Sir Versailles Treaty. 355. 358. IIenry, 358 360• 373. 379-80. 383 Wiltshire,z89 Vickers-Armstrong. 361. 379 Wolverbampton, 270 .. Vigilantes ". 357 Wood, Rt. lIon. Sir Kingsley. Viner. Prof. Jacob. 246 14Z Wootton. Mrs. Barbara. 244. Wales. 38. 109. u6. 257. 281. 246 289. 322 Worcester, 270 Wall Street. 184 Workers' control, 161-2. 16,S Wallace. Arthur Russell. 152 WewAl,s' (TA,) Stalus itS 1,... Wallace. ~r. IIenry. 305 ius"" (by the Labour Wa,. its Nal"". Caus•• "d Party). ~62-3 CUrt (by G. Lowes Works Councils. 162 Dickinson). 352-3 WewldAi~ys. WAy"oI1(by Wa, of StIll /I"d Gold (by W. Arnold-Forster), 377 II. N. Brailsford). 217 World Economic Conference. War Office. 381 188. 199. 304 Washington. 14 Wren. Sir Christopher. 267 Washington Naval Confer­ ence (1922). 358 Young, Rt. lIon. Sir IIilton, Washington Naval Treaty 279 (1922). 374 Youth IIoste1s Association, Webb. Mr. and Mrs. Sidney. 28S 17. 2)-4. 78• 99. 330 Wedgwood. Mr. Josiah. 335- Zabaroff, Sir Basil. 380 336.342 Zinoviev. M •• 8