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GIPE-010651-Contents.Pdf Dhananj.yu8CI GlIdgil Lib,.') Ilm~iEmm~1911 GIPE-PUNE-O I 065 I PRACTICAL SOCIALISM FOR BRITAIN BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE INEQUALITY OF INCOMES IN MODERN COMMUNITIES. pp. xii + 376. Third im­ pression with new appendix. 19z5. 10'. 64. PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC FINANCE. Pp. xv + 297. Eighth Edition. 1929. S" TOWARDS THE PEACE OF NATIONS: A STUDY IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS. pp. aj + 316. 1928. SI. (With oIlier autllors) UNBALANCED BUDGETS: A STUDY OP TRII FINANCIAL CRISIS IN FlnllltN COUNTRlltS. Pp. aj + 468• 1934. lSI. PRACTICAL SOCIALISM FOR BRITAIN By HUGH DALTON THIRD IMPRESSION LONDON GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, Lm. BROADWAY HOUSE: 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.C 1936 First Publishttl . Mtvd II" S,nmd Impr,uioll • 1111,7 19JJ Third ImprmiOll • ltlllMilry Inl CONTENTS CHAP. PAGB PUFACB. vii PART I. INTRODUCTORY I TaB BACKGROUND 01' BRITISH POLITICS 3 II RETROSPECT 16 III THB AIMS OF SOCIALISM 26 PART II. DEMOCRACY IV WHAT IS DEMOCRACY? 31 V THB HOUSB OF CoMMONS • 34 VI REFORM OF PAR~ENTARY PROCEDURB 44 VII EMBRGENCY LEGISLATION • 68 VIII THB HOUSB 01' LORDS 71 IX 50MB PROBLEMS 01' GoVERNMENT 82 PART III. SOCIALISATION X FORMS 01' SOCIALISATION 93 XI BROADCASTING • 102 XII ELECTRICITY lOS XIII TRANSPORT 117 XIV COAL AND ITS PRODUCTS 129 XV OTHBR CASES . 140 XVI THB LAND AND AGRICULTURB . 149 XVII WORKERS' CONTROL OF INDUSTRY 161 XVIII TERMS 01' TRANSFER. 167 v vi CONTENTS PART IV. FINANCE CHAP. PAGE XIX THE FAILURE OF THE FINANCIERS 181 XX MONETARY POLICY 193 XXI THE BANK OF ENGLAND 303 XXII CONTROL OF LoNG-TERM CREDIT 210 XXIII CONTROL OF SHORT-TERM CREDIT 23 1 PART V. PLANNING XXIV THE NATURE AND OBJECTS OF ECONOMIC PLANNING. 243 XXV EMPLOYMENT THROUGH PLANNED DEVELOr- MENT 253 XXVI GEOGRAPHICAL PLANNING • 267 XXVII NATIONAL PARKS AND FORESTS AIm TilE NATIONAL TRUST 284 XXVIII THE LoCATION OF INDUSTRY 299 XXIX EXTERNAL TRADE 30 3 XXX THE MACHINERY OF PLANNING • 309 PART VI. EQUALITY XXXI TOWARDS SOCIAL EQUALITY 319 XXXII SOCIALISM AND PRIVATE PROPERTY 329 XXXIII INHERITED WEALTH • 334 PART VII. PEACE XXXIV CROSS CURRENTS OF HOPE AND FEAR 347 XXXV THE LABOUR PARTY'S FOREIGN POLICY 365 INDEX 387 PREFACE THIS book has grown out of my work during the past three years as a member of the National Executive of the Labour Party. The political events of 1931 have led the Labour Party, through electoral defeat and through a passing phase of discouragement and self-distrust, to a new and more vigorous life. In 1934 we have regained ,confidence in ourselves and, as the by-elections and the local elections show, we have regained the con­ fidence of at least as large a number of the electors as in 1929, hitherto the high water mark of our advance. Those who speculate on the results of the next general election are only divided as to whether we shall win a clear majority in the next House of Commons, or, falling a little short of this, shall constitute a powerful Parliamentary Opposition, needing, for that majority, only a relatively small access of further strength. There is to-day a widespread interest in the Labour Party's policy, both domestic and foreign, and a grow­ ing desire, often in most unexpected quarters, for a Labour victory at the polls. , Since 1931 we have been engaged in thinking out our policy afresh, in greater detail than ever before, and in relation 'to the present needs, national and international, of these troubled days. As a member of the National Executive of the Party. and of its Policy Committee, I have had, together with many others, some share in this thinking and some personal vii viii PREFACE responsibility for its results. Three years' work cul­ minated in October, 1934, at Southport at the Annual Conference of the Party, which accepted the Execu­ tive's proposals FOT Socialism and Peace. This docu­ ment, with others which it summarises, contains the marching orders which a Labour majority would take to Westminster, and Labour Ministers into their Depart­ ments. It represents the deliberate will of our Party, the basis of our next appeal to the country, the pro­ gramme of our action if that appeal succeeds. I claim for this book no official authority. It is an individual contribution and I have not hesitated to express my personal opinions and sometimes to em­ phasise them. But, on essentials, the programme which I advocate is that which the Labour Party, at its last three annual conferences, has approved. If any of my readers are curious to know how closely I stick to the official texts, they have only to read the latter for themselves..~'- .f•• ·._ ••••• Within the .J.:~'bpur .Parl~!~t!~ese three years there has beep~4ea1thy stir of-id~~ ~~ some internal controversy/Much more,. indeed, '1,1)<iJh in the Mac­ Donald-Sn~en era. This is as it' 'Sllould be. A political p~.without such·s6tTIngs.. 1s':drowsy unto death. Bufa.:p~rty which spends t~~oog on introspec­ tion is out of h~iJl anq ~~gt..i{~,d.uty, which is to go forth andconqtierthe~~a.tefworld outside itself. First we must persuade the electors to put faith in us, and then we must justify and strengthen that faith by effective action. The balance of this book is not the same as the balance of importance of the questions treated. Some of the most important of these I am fully conscious of having treated very summarily. The limits of space and time, under which I have been working, have helped to make this inevitable. And, just because this book is an individual contribution, not an official pro- PREFACE ix gramme, I have felt free to write at greater length where I thought I had something fresh to say, more shortly where the ground has already been well covered by others. HUGH DALTON. ALDBOURNE, WILTSHIRE. January, I935. INDEX Abercrombie. Prof. Patrick. Anglo-Penian OU Co .• 307 267. 270. 289 Anglo-Soviet Trade Treaty Aberdeen. 28~3 (1934).305 Acceptance houses. 183. 207. Arbitration. General Act of. 231HJ. 308 3S5. 369 Acquisitiv' Society. Th. (by Armaments. 218. 352-3. 370. R. H. Tawney). 93. 165 372.38a Addison. Rt. Hon. Christo­ Arma manufacture. 14.5-6. pher. 20. 286-7. 289-90. 36c>-1. 372-3. 378• 381 30 7 Arnold. Lord. 71 Admiralty. 136. 38c>-1 Arnold-Fenter. W .• 362• 377. Adshead. Prof. A. D .• 274 384 Advisory Financial Counell. Asquith. Lord. 339 315 Attlee. Major Clement Afforestation. 160. 2S5. 262. Richard. 169. 366• 37S. 283. 29S. 297. 30a 384 Aggression. 360. 368 Aubrey. Commander. 380 Agricultural land. 154-5. 157- Australia, 208 lS9 Austria. 189.208.379 Agricultural Marketing Act. Austria-Hungary. 3S1 60 Agriculture. 22. 128. 157-8. 182. 236. 267. 286. 29S. Bailey. Prof. F. G .• 289 30 7.311 Bailey. Mr. John. 287. 289 Air Force. 136 Bakelite. 137 Air Ministry. US. 381 Baldwin. Rt. Hon. Stanley. Air transport. JI8. uS-6 341HJ.384 Alexander of Jugoslavia.King. Balfour. Lord. 47. 3S8 3So Balfour. Mr. George. 332 Alternative vote. 36 Bank for International Settle- Amazon. 364 ments. 187. 203. 219 America. s" U.S.A. Bank of England, 169. 183. Amwica Mllst Chaos, (by 186-7. 189. 191. 20~IO. H. Wallace). 305 212-16, 232. 234-S. 238- Anglo-Irish Treaty. 6 9. 263-4. 308• 31S INDEX Banking, Banks, 182-6, 190, British Broadcasting Corpor­ 196, 207, 231-2, 237, 263 ation, 97, 102-4, 142 Banking (by Dr. W. Leaf), British Commonwealth, 305, 203 356, 365, 371 Banking Corporation, 234-8 British Draft (Disarmament) Barclay's Bank, 233 Convention (1933), 361-2 Bames, Major Harry, 271, British Electrical and Allied 275,277 Manufacturers' Associa­ Bamsley,60 tion, 107 Barrie, Sir C. C., 120, 332 British Museum, 292 Beale, Sir John, 120 Broadcasting, 102-4, 113, 141 Beatty, Admiral Lord, 358 Bryan, William Jennings, 193 Belfast, 38 Bryce, Lord, 78 Belgium, 31, 208 Buckmaster, Lord, 44 Belgravia, 151 Building Societies, 224-5, Bentham, Jeremy, 17 228-9 Berkshire, 289 Bulgaria, 208 Berle, Mr., 332 Bums, Rt. Hon. John, 267 Bevin, Mr. Ernest, 125 .. Big Five, The," 232-5, 237 Cadogan Estate, 152 Birmingham, Annual Con- Caimgorms, 289 ference of the Labour California, 107 Party at (1928), 18 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Black and Tans, 6 Henry, 48, 50 Blackett, Sir Basil, 195, 248, Campbell Case, 18 259 Canada, 107, 115, 199 Blatchford, Robert, 17 Canals, 1I8, 125-7 Board of Education, 324 Capital1evy, 327 Board of Trade, 3II, 381 Capitalism, 223, 244-50, 252. Bolivia, 363-4 254. 256, 312, 320, 326. Boothby, Mr. Robert, 228 329, 337, 354, 386 Bottomley, Horatio, 210 Carlisle, 270 Brailsford, Mr. H. N., 217, Cassel, Prof., 247 329 Central Banks, 187, 203, 208 Brazil, 21 7 Central Banks (by Sir C. Brentford, Lord, 10 Kisch),208 Britain,31-2, 104-5, III, 114, Central Electricity Board, II 7, 150, 153, 183, 187, 108-12, 122-3, 142, 227 194,198-9,201,223,252, Chamberlain, Rt. HOD. Sir 267,286,301,305-6,330, Austen, 48, 50, 339-40, 347,377 357.363 Britain's Industrial Future, Chamberlain, Joseph, 10 225 Chamberlain, Rt. HOD. British Broadcasting Com­ Neville, 187 pany, 102 Channel Islands. 342 INDEX Charing Crou. 274 i Colwyn Committee on Na­ Chelsea. 152 tional Debt and Taxa­ Chile. 2oS. 380 tion.342 China. 370 Commilsioner5 of Crown Churchill. Rt. Hon. Winston. Lands. 156 21. 57. 75. 187. 258• 339. Committee of Imperial De­ 34~ fence. 230 Citrine. Mr. Walter. 161-2 Committee on the Allocation Cily 01 T_~OVJ 8114 ill of Parliamentary Time.
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