Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini)
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Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A
Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research Julien Thézé, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Jenny Cory, Elisabeth Herniou To cite this version: Julien Thézé, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Jenny Cory, Elisabeth Herniou. Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research. Viruses, MDPI, 2018, 10 (7), pp.366. 10.3390/v10070366. hal-02140538 HAL Id: hal-02140538 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02140538 Submitted on 26 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License viruses Article Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecological Specialization of Baculoviruses: A Treasure Trove for Future Applied Research Julien Thézé 1,2, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde 1,3 ID , Jenny S. Cory 4 and Elisabeth A. Herniou 1,* ID 1 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS—Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected] -
Plant-Derived Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Protects Eggs of a Moth (Utetheisa Ornatrix) Against a Parasitoid Wasp (Trichogramma Ostriniae)
Plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloid protects eggs of a moth (Utetheisa ornatrix) against a parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma ostriniae) Alexander Bezzerides*, Tze-Hei Yong†, Julie Bezzerides*, Jad Husseini*, Joshua Ladau*, Maria Eisner*, and Thomas Eisner*‡ Departments of *Neurobiology and Behavior and †Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Contributed by Thomas Eisner, April 13, 2004 Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA), sequestered by the moth Utetheisa ornatrix from its larval food plant, is transmitted by both males and females to the eggs. Males confer PA on the female by seminal infusion, and females pass this gift, together with PA that they themselves procured as larvae, to the eggs. Here we show that PA protects the eggs against parasitization by the chalcidoid wasp, Trichogramma ostriniae. Eggs laid subsequent to a first mating of an Utetheisa female receive most of their PA from the female. The amount they receive from the male is insufficient to provide for full protection. However, female Utetheisa are promiscuous and there- fore likely to receive PA on a cumulative basis from their male partners. chemical defense ͉ parasitism ͉ Arctiidae ͉ Trichogrammatidae he moth Utetheisa ornatrix (henceforth called Utetheisa), a Tmember of the tiger moth family (Arctiidae), is distasteful at all stages of development. As a larva, it feeds on plants of the genus Crotalaria (Fabaceae), from which it sequesters toxic, intensely bitter, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). The compounds are retained systemically through metamorphosis by both sexes and eventually are allocated in part to the eggs. Both sexes Fig. 1. Trichogramma on an egg of Utetheisa. The specimen was abruptly contribute to the egg endowment. -
Temperature-Dependent Phenotypic Plasticity in Wing Pattern of Utetheisa Ornatrix Bella (Erebidae, Arctiinae)
34 TROP. LEPID. RES., 25(1): 34-45, 2015 SOURAKOV: Phenotypic plasticity in bella moth TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN WING PATTERN OF UTETHEISA ORNATRIX BELLA (EREBIDAE, ARCTIINAE) Andrei Sourakov McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, [email protected] Abstract – Utetheisa ornatrix exhibits geographic and intrapopulational variability in wing pattern. Here, evidence is presented that temperature-dependent phenotypic plasticity exists in north Florida populations of the subspecies U. ornatrix bella. On six different occasions, experimental groups of late instar larvae and pupae were reared at lower temperatures (15-16°C) and short-day photoperiod, while control groups of sibling larvae were raised through to adult stage at 22°C. Resultant moths from the two groups had different wing pattern phenotypes. Increased melanization is the probable cause of the observed differences, as the cold-affected individuals had more extensive black markings on both surfaces of forewing and hindwing. Cold-induced melanization affected both wings simultaneously, in which it differed from normal genetic variation in melanic markings found in U. ornatrix, which inherits separately for fore- and hindwing. Additionally, cold-induced reduction of red/orange pigmentation on the upper forewing surface was sometimes observed. The expression of this phenotypic plasticity varied depending on the brood used in the experiment. Possible adaptive significance -
PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPH Ll
PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPH ll Lepidoptera of American Samoa with particular reference to biology and ecology By John Adams Comstock Published by Entomology Department, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. 1966 PACIFIC INSECTS MONOGRAPHS Published by Entomology Department, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96819, U. S. A. Editorial Committee: J. L. Gressitt, Editor (Honolulu), S. Asahina (Tokyo), R. G. Fennah (London), R. A. Harrison (Christchurch), T. C. Maa (Honolulu & Taipei), C. W. Sabrosky (Washington, D. C), R. L. Usinger (Berkeley), J. van der Vecht (Leiden), K. Yasumatsu (Fukuoka), E. C. Zimmerman (New Hampshire). Assistant Editors: P. D. Ashlock (Honolulu), Carol Higa (Honolulu), Naoko Kunimori (Fukuoka), Setsuko Nakata (Honolulu), Toshi Takata (Fukuoka). Business Manager: C. M. Yoshimoto (Honolulu). Business Assistant: Doris Anbe (Honolulu). Business Agent in Japan: K. Yasumatsu (Fukuoka). Entomological staff, Bishop Museum, 1966: Doris Anbe, Hatsuko Arakaki, P. D. Ashlock, S. Azuma, Madaline Boyes, Candida Cardenas, Ann Cutting, M. L. Goff, J. L. Gressitt (Chairman), J. Harrell, Carol Higa, Y. Hirashima, Shirley Hokama, E. Holzapfel, Dorothy Hoxie, Helen Hurd, June Ibara, Naoko Kuni mori, T. C. Maa, Grace Nakahashi, Setsuko Nakata (Adm. Asst.), Tulene Nonomura, Carol Okuma, Ka tharine Pigue, Linda Reineccius, T. Saigusa, I. Sakakibara, Judy Sakamoto, G. A. Samuelson, Sybil Seto, W. A. Steffan, Amy Suehiro, Grace Thompson, Clara Uchida, J. R. Vockeroth, Nixon Wilson, Mabel Ya- tsuoka, C. M. Yoshimoto, E. C. Zimmermann. Field associates: M. J. Fitzsimons, E. E. Gless, G. E. Lip- pert, V. Peckham, D. S. Rabor, J. Sedlacek, M. Sedlacek, P. Shanahan, R. Straatman, J. Strong, H. M. Tor- revillas, A. -
Phelsuma13 Revised.Indd
Phelsuma 13; 9-24 Developing strategies for invertebrate conservation: the case for the Seychelles islands JUSTIN GERLACH1, PAT MATYOT2 & MICHAEL J. SAMWAYS3 1 PO Box 207, Victoria, Mahé, SEYCHELLES / University Museum of Zoology Cambridge, Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U.K. [[email protected]] 2 c/o SBC, PO Box 321, Victoria, Mahé, SEYCHELLES 3 Department of Entomology and Centre for Agricultural Biodiversity, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, SOUTH AFRICA Abstract: Approaches to invertebrate conservation in Seychelles are reviewed. These comprise taxonomic research and Red List assessments, monitoring of populations and the status of habitats, monitoring of introduced species and research into their ecology and research into the status of pollinators. Further research is required on the effects of invasive species, identification of key pollinators and the effects of climate change. Red List assessments are given for threatened Mollusca, Orthopteroidea and Lepidoptera. Keywords: invertebrate conservation, invasive species, pollinators, Red List assessments, taxonomy In 2001, a meeting was held in Washington to investigate the practicalities of developing a global strategy for invertebrate conservation. This ‘Invertebrate Scoping Workshop’ proposed 8 main actions needed for the full integration of invertebrates in the planning and conservation assessments of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) (IUCN/SSC/CBSG 2001). To date, these have only been partially implemented due at least in part to a lack of funding. The recommendations are being implemented at a local level in Seychelles and this provides an indication of the relevance of these actions to developing conservation action. Taxonomic Specialist Groups of IUCN’s Species Survival Commission cover only a small proportion of the world’s invertebrates. -
Revision of the Nyctemera Clathratum Complex (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Revision of the Nyctemera clathratum complex (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Rob de Vos The Nyctemera clatrathum complex (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae, Arctiinae, Callimorphini) is revised. It consists of seven species, occurring on New Guinea and surrounding islands, of which three are new to science: Nyctemera giloloensis sp. n., N. oninica sp. n. and N. dauila sp. n. Two taxa are synonymized: Leptosoma absurdum Swinhoe, 1892 syn. n. of Leptosoma clathratum Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1863 and Deilemera pratti Bethune-Baker, 1904 syn. n. of Nyctemera mesolychna Meyrick, 1889. Lectotypes are designated for Deilemera pratti Bethune-Baker, 1904 and Deilemera absurdum latimargo Rothschild 1915. Adults and genitalia of all species are figured and distribution maps are presented. Rob de Vos, Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam, dept. Entomology, Plantage Middenlaan 64, NL-1018 DH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected]. Introduction genitalia and the wing pattern. The N. clathratum The genus Nyctemera Hübner, [1820] s.l. is a large complex is distinguished from the baulus complex heterogeneous taxon with many species in South- by the more or less slender and short valva proc- east Asia. The few species in Africa that previously esses of almost equal length, while in the baulus were considered to belong to Nyctemera recently complex the costal process and apical process are have been revised and seem to belong to other genera much larger and thicker (and curved towards each (Dubatolov 2006). Apart from the taxa which have other, resembling the claws of a lobster) than a recently been shown to belong to Utetheisa Hübner, third and smaller process on the sacculus. Further- [1819] (De Vos 2007), Nyctemera s.l. -
The Digestive Enzymes of the Larva of Utetheisa Pulchella L in N a E
f Beitr. Ent. • Bd. 17 • 1967 • H. 3/4 • S. 349-356 * Berlin Aligarh Muslim University Department of Zoology Section of Entomology Aligarh (India) N a t t s h a b a K h a t o o n The digestive enzymes of the larva of Utetheisa pulchella L i n n a e u s (Lepidoptera: Arctidae) With 2 textfigures Introduction Although, there is a mass of information on the occurrence of the digestive enzymes in a variety of insects which have been reviewed by U v a b o v (1928), W iggleswobth (1953), D a y & W a t e b h o t j s e (1953) and W a t e b h o t j s e (1957). But, however, in insects with regard to the diversity in the mechanism of feed ing, food selection and feeding behavior etc. the data is still fragmentary as compared to those on vertebrates, to formulate well defined theories on the physiology of digestion. Therefore, further detailed investigations on diverse type of insects may give better insight to our existing knowledge. With this view, it was resolved to make certain investigations on Utetheisa pulchella larva which is phytophagous but preferably feeds on sannhemp plant in the northern India and it has hardly any alternative host for its survival in the field. The present paper deals with the observations on the digestive enzymes, their pH optima and distribution of some of the enzymes in the digestive organs of the above mentioned species. Materials and Methods In the laboratory a stock culture of Utetheisa pulchella was maintained in an incubator controlled at 30 °C % 1° and approximately 80% relative humidity. -
Utetheisa Ornatrix (Erebidae, Arctiinae) a Case Study of Sexual Selection
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Utetheisa ornatrix (Erebidae, Arctiinae) A Case Study of Sexual Selection VIKRAM K. IYENGAR and WILLIAM E. CONNER PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS: CHEMICAL DEFENSE AND adults and larvae against spiders (Eisner and Eisner 1991) and LINKS TO LARGE SIZE the eggs against ants (Hare and Eisner 1993), chrysopid larvae (Eisner et al. 2000), coccinellid beetles (Dussourd et al. 1988), COURTSHIP AND THE ROLE OF PHEROMONES and parasitoid wasps (Bezzerides 2004). PAs are potent phagostimulants, and the presence of these BENEFITS TO FEMALE PRECOPULATORY MATE CHOICE compounds in their diet causes larvae to invest more time FEMALE PROMISCUITY AND POSTCOPULATORY SPERM feeding, thereby growing more quickly than those on diet SELECTION without PAs (del Campo et al. 2005). These data are also sup- ported by the fact that PAs and adult body size are strongly UTETHEISA AND THE SEXY-SPERM HYPOTHESIS correlated in Utetheisa (Conner et al. 1990). In other words, feeding on PAs during the larval period is, to some degree, SUMMARY responsible for the attainment of large size, which has impor- REFERENCES CITED tant reproductive consequences for both sexes. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Chemical Defense and Courtship and the Role of Pheromones Links to Large Size The female sex attractant of Utetheisa is a blend of long- Utetheisa ornatrix, also known as the rattlebox moth, is a chained polyenes (Conner et al. 1980; Huang et al. 1983; Jain brightly colored erebid moth that relies on chemistry for both et al. 1983; Choi et al. 2007; Lim et al. 2007). The female pher- defense and communication, and the complex reproductive omone is released through the rhythmic exposure of tubular strategies of both sexes have made it a model system for study- glands and triggers the upwind flight of males at a distance ing sexual selection. -
Bella Moth, Rattlebox Moth, Inornate Moth Or Calico Moth, Utetheisa Ornatrix (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae)1
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY358 Bella Moth, Rattlebox Moth, Inornate Moth or Calico Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae)1 Donald W. Hall2 Introduction scientific name Utetheisa bella (Linnaeus) instead of U. ornatrix (Linnaeus). The bella moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus), is one of our most beautiful moths. Unlike most moths, Distribution which are nocturnal, the bella moth is diurnal and flies readily when disturbed. Therefore, it is more This species is found from Connecticut commonly seen than nocturnal species by the general westward to southeastern Nebraska, and southward to public. southern New Mexico and Florida. It is more common in southern part of its range. Synonymy Description The adult bella moth is highly variable in coloration which has resulted in confusion regarding Eggs: The eggs are white to yellow and spherical. its taxonomy and the assignment of many names to Larvae: The larvae are orange-brown with broad the numerous color "forms". Linnaeus originally irregular black bands on each segment. Full-grown described two species in the genus Phalaena -- larvae are 30-35 mm in length. There are distinct ornatrix (more whitish or pale specimens) and bella white spots on the anterior and posterior margins of (brightly colored specimens), and Hübner later the black bands. Whereas most arctiid larvae have moved them to the genus Utetheisa. Forbes lumped verrucae (elevated wart-like areas on the cuticle) both forms under the species U. ornatrix. The bearing many setae, Utetheisa larvae lack verrucae, Entomological Society of America's Common and setae occur singly. -
Evaluation of Mechanical Defense Provided by Pericarps of Three Different Crotalaria Species to Their Seeds Against a Specialist
BRANDON & SOURAKOV: Utetheisa vs. Crotalaria arms race TROP. LEPID. RES., 26(2): 85-92, 2016 85 Evaluation of mechanical defense provided by pericarps of three different Crotalaria species to their seeds against a specialist herbivore, Utetheisa ornatrix: a case for a possible host-herbivore evolutionary arms race Clara J. Brandon and Andrei Sourakov* McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: Past studies that explored the evolutionary arms race between toxic Crotalaria plants and their herbivores have mostly focused on chemical co-evolution. In this highly speciose genus of plants, we hypothesize that other defenses, such as mechanical protection of the seeds, which are exploited by specialist herbivores for their nutrients and alkaloids, have also been evolving, together with the herbivores’ ability to overcome them. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the cost of penetration imposed on a specialist herbivore, the larvae of the Ornate Bella Moth Utetheisa ornatrix, by the pericarps of three Crotalaria species. We tested the Florida native C. pumila, which has supposedly been in co-existence with U. ornatrix in the New World for thousands of years, the introduced species C. spectabilis that is native to Asia, and another introduced species, C. pallida, which is native to Africa, where multiple tiger moth species, including ones ancestral to the genus Utetheisa such as the genus Amphicallia, attack Crotalaria. Our evaluation was based on the ability of larvae to penetrate pods, their mortality, the rate of development of 4th through ultimate instar larvae when reared on open vs. -
Erebidae, Arctiinae) of Central and Northern Laos, Part 4
Entomofauna carpathica, 2020, 32(2): 47-87 CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LITHOSIINI AND ARCTIINI (EREBIDAE, ARCTIINAE) OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN LAOS, PART 4. Karol BUCSEK Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovak republic; e-mail: [email protected] BUCSEK, K. 2020. Contribution to the knowledge of Lithosiini and Arctiini (Erebidae, Arctiinae) of central and northern Laos, part 4. Entomofauna carpathica, 32(2): 47-87. Abstract: This study is based on material of Lithosiini and Arctiini (Erebidae, Arctiinae) recorded in the Nakai (about 500 m), Bolikhamsai (200–300 m) and Huaphanh (1200–1900 m) areas of central and northern Laos. This fourth part lists 54 species, including descriptions of 4 new species: Teulisna varia n. sp., Microlithosia unicolora n. sp., Danielithosia dubatolovi n. sp. and Poliosia bilineata n. sp. They are listed below 3 new combinations: Teulisna fimbriata n. comb., Cernyia pseudobrevivalva n. comb. and Churinga nigripes n. comb. Key words: Erebidae, Lithosiini, Arctiini, new species, Laos, taxonomy MATERIAL AND METHODS The photos of adults were made with NIKON D700 and SONY DSC-WX220. Genitalia were mounted in microscopic slides using Canada balsam, morphological observations were made using and photographed by Digital USB 2,0 microscope camera (Micro Capture Pro). Subsequently the genitalia were demounted,preserved in glycerine in the test tubes and attached to the corresponding specimen. Post-shooting image processing was done using the software Adobe® Photoshop CS5. Holotypes are stored in the Slovak National Museum, Bratislava, paratypes in the collection of Karol Bucsek. Abbreviations HT – holotype SNM – Slovak National Museum, Bratislava PT – paratype CKB – in coll. -
Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Phylogeny and Evolution of Pharmacophagy in Tiger Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) Jennifer M. Zaspel1*, Susan J. Weller2,5, Charles T. Wardwell2, Reza Zahiri3, Niklas Wahlberg4 1 Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America, 2 Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, 3 Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 4 Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, 5 Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America Abstract The focus of this study was to reconstruct a phylogenetic hypothesis for the moth subfamily Arctiinae (tiger moths, woolly bears) to investigate the evolution of larval and adult pharmacophagy of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and the pathway to PA chemical specialization in Arctiinae. Pharmacophagy, collection of chemicals for non-nutritive purposes, is well documented in many species, including the model species Utetheisa ornatrix L. A total of 86 exemplar ingroup species representing tiger moth tribes and subtribes (68 genera) and nine outgroup species were selected. Ingroup species included the most species- rich generic groups to represent the diversity of host-plant associations and pharmacophagous behaviors found throughout Arctiinae. Up to nine genetic markers were sequenced: one mitochondrial (COI barcode region), one nuclear rRNA (D2 region, 28S rRNA), and seven nuclear protein-coding gene fragments: elongation factor 1-a protein, wingless, ribosomal protein subunit S5, carbamoylphosphate synthase domain regions, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. A total of 6984 bp was obtained for most species. These data were analyzed using model-based phylogenetic methods: maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI).