DOCSLIB.ORG

High Resolution Wind Field Modelling Over Complex Topography: Analysis and Future Scenarios

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
High Resolution Wind Field Modelling Over Complex Topography: Analysis and Future Scenarios Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change University of Graz Scientific Report No. 32-2010 High resolution wind field modelling over complex topography: analysis and future scenarios Heimo Truhetz April 2010 The Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change combines as an interdisciplinary, internationally oriented research center the competences of the University of Graz in the research area „Climate, Environmental and Global Change“. It brings together, in a dedicated building close to the University central campus, research teams and scientists from fields such as geo- and climate physics, meteorology, economics, geography, and regional sciences. At the same time close links exist and are further developed with many cooperation partners, both nationally and internationally. The research interests extend from monitoring, analysis, modeling and prediction of climate and environmental change via climate impact research to the analysis of the human dimensions of these changes, i.e., the role of humans in causing and being effected by climate and environmental change as well as in adaptation and mitigation. The present report is the result of a PhD thesis work completed in March 2010. Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), after whom the Wegener Center is named, was founding holder of the University of Graz Geophysics Chair (1924- 1930) and was in his work in the fields of geophysics, meteorology, and climatology a brilliant, interdisciplinary thinking and acting scientist and scholar, far ahead of his time with this style. The way of his ground-breaking research on continental drift is a shining role model — his sketch on the relationship of the continents based on traces of an ice age about 300 million years ago (left) as basis for the Wegener Center Logo is thus a continuous encouragement to explore equally innovative scientific ways: paths emerge in that we walk them (Motto of the Wegener Center). Wegener Center Verlag • Graz, Austria © 2010 All Rights Reserved. Selected use of individual figures, tables or parts of text is permitted for non-commercial purposes, provided this report is correctly and clearly cited as the source. Publisher contact for any interests beyond such use: [email protected]. ISBN 978-3-9502940-0-2 April 2010 Contact: Heimo Truhetz. [email protected] Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change University of Graz Leechgasse 25 A-8010 Graz, Austria www.wegcenter.at High resolution wind field modelling over complex topography: analysis and future scenarios Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt von Mag. Heimo Truhetz an der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Gottfried Kirchengast Mitbetreuer: Mag. Dr. Andreas Gobiet Wegener Zentrum für Klima und Globalen Wandel und Institutsbereich Geophysik, Astrophysik und Meteorologie Institut für Physik Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Graz, März 2010 Acknowledgments I wish to express my gratitude and respect to the supervisor of this PhD thesis, Prof. Gottfried Kirchengast, for his excellent scientific advice. In his position as foun- der and head of the Wegener Center (WegCenter) he built up the proper open-minded surrounding conditions for writing this thesis. I am deeply indebted to the co-supervisor, Dr. Andreas Gobiet, for his excellent, in- spiring and time-consuming scientific and personal support. Although he was occupied by building up the Regional and Local Climate Modelling and Analysis Research Group (ReLoClim) at the WegCenter and establishing ReLoClim as an internationally reco- gnised group, he had time enough for long-lasting discussions over the last years that encouraged me and helped me to improve the quality of this thesis and its underlying analyses. The thesis’s investigations required a huge amount of computational resources. This demand was covered by the high-performance computing facilities of the European Cen- tre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Information Service (ZID) of the University of Graz, and the Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Meteorology (IGAM) / Institute of Physics of the University of Graz. Special thanks are expressed to the system administrators, Wim de Geeter (WegCenter), Carsten Maass (ECMWF), Ing. Roland Maderbacher (IGAM), and Dr. Ursula Winkler (ZID) for their professional and unbureaucratic support and to the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) for offering parts of their computing time allocated at the ECM- WF. Many thanks are also expressed to Dr. Georg Mayr, Institute for Meteorology at the University of Innsbruck, and ZAMG for the provision of high-quality observational data. I gratefully acknowledge the financial funding from the Austrian Research Centers systems research GmbH (ARC-sys) via the project “Research for Climate Protection: Model Run Evaluation (reclip:more)” and from WegCenter’s startup support for Re- LoClim in the beginning of my doctoral programme. Furthermore, I really appreciate ReLoClim’s financial support over the last years, since apart from reclip:more this PhD thesis stood outside of any project-related funding. My thanks also go to my colleagues at WegCenter, particularly to the members of ReLoClim, for fruitful discussions and support. Due to its interdisciplinary composition, WegCenter provides an inspiring scientific and personal environment, I am proud to be able to contribute to. I wish to thank my room mates, Dr. Michael Borsche, Mag. Bettina Lackner, Mag. Susanne Schweitzer, and Mag. Martin Suklitsch for the excellent working atmosphere flavoured with a whiff of humour. Finally, my heartfelt thanks go to my parents and close friends for constantly accom- panying me with their openness and honesty through these years. Abstract / Zusammenfassung The present thesis focuses on investigating and improving a hybrid dynamic-diagnostic downscaling method for near surface wind (based on the dynamic PSU/NCAR model MM5 and the diagnostic California Meteorological model CALMET), which enables to provide wind climatologies over complex topography on the 100 m scale. A second objective is to conduct climate simulations and to identify climatological main pro- cesses affecting the long-term behaviour of averaged near surface wind conditions in the European Alpine region and the Vienna Basin under increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations. Questions of wind gusts and extremes are set aside. Several variants of the method were applied (driven by the reanalysis dataset ERA- 40) in two study regions, the Hohe Tauern region and the Vienna Basin. Comparisons to observations show that the steady-state flow concept and the orographic speed-up effect are the most dominant climatological mechanisms. The quality of the modelled climatologies is mostly affected by the ability to capture synoptic- and regional-scale processes. In the Vienna Basin the steady-state flow concept is more valid and leads to an enhanced systematic overestimation of wind speed (biases from 0.9 m/s to 2.1 m/s). The method has been successfully applied to the output of the climate model ECHAM5 (periods 1981 to 1990 and 2041 to 2050, IPCC scenario IS92a). The climate change signals show decreasing annual wind speeds (up to 20 .8 %, i. e., 1.2 m/s, in the inner Alps) and it can be concluded that a) changes of− synoptic- and− large-scale processes are affecting gradient-forced synoptic- and regional-scale air flows, particu- larly during DJF, b) the orographic speed-up effect amplifies changes of wind speeds in mountainous areas, and c) interactions between the atmosphere and the earth’s surface lead to regionally varying climate change effects. There exists strong evidence for a robust model-independent reduction of wind speed during MAM and JJA in the inner Alps. Abstract / Zusammenfassung vi Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung einer kombinierten dynamischen-diagnostischen downscaling Methode für bodennahen Wind (basierend auf dem dynamischen Modell MM5 und dem diagnostischen Modell CALMET), welche es ermöglicht Windklimatologien in komplexer Topographie auf der 100 m Skala zu er- stellen. Ein zweites Ziel ist die Durchführung von Klimasimulationen zur Identifikation klimatologischer Prozesse, die das Langzeitverhalten von mittleren Windverhältnissen in den Europäischen Alpen und dem Wiener Becken bei steigenden Treibhausgaskon- zentrationen bestimmen. Böen und Extremereignisse werden nicht betrachtet. Mehrere Varianten der Methode (angetrieben vom Re-Analysedatensatz ERA-40) wurden in den Hohen Tauern und dem Wiener Becken eingesetzt. Vergleiche zu Be- obachtungsdaten zeigen, dass die Konzepte der Stationären Strömung und der Strö- mungsüberhöhung die dominantesten Klimamechanismen sind. Die Qualität der Wind- klimatologien wird hauptsächlich von der Fähigkeit, synoptische und regionale Prozesse abzubilden, beeinflusst. Im Wiener Becken hat die Stationäre Strömung mehr Validität und führt zu einer verstärkten systematischen Überschätzung der Windgeschwindigkei- ten (Bias zw. 0,9 m/s und 2,1 m/s). Die Methode wurde erfolgreich auf eine Klimasimulation des Modells ECHAM5 (Pe- rioden 1981 bis 1990 und 2041 bis 2050, IPCC Szenario IS92a) angewandt. Die Klima- änderungssignale zeigen rückläufige Jahreswindgeschwindigkeiten (bis zu 20 .8 %, das sind 1.2 m/s, in den Alpen) und es kann gefolgert werden, dass a) Änderungen− der synoptischen− und regionalen Prozesse gradientenbedingte Strömungen beeinflussen, ins- besondere im Winter, b) die Strömungsüberhöhung Änderungen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nonlocal Inadvertent Weather Modification Associated with Wind Farms in the Central United States
    Hindawi Advances in Meteorology Volume 2018, Article ID 2469683, 18 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2469683 Research Article Nonlocal Inadvertent Weather Modification Associated with Wind Farms in the Central United States Matthew J. Lauridsen and Brian C. Ancell Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Matthew J. Lauridsen; [email protected] Received 14 March 2018; Accepted 19 June 2018; Published 6 August 2018 Academic Editor: Anthony R. Lupo Copyright © 2018 Matthew J. Lauridsen and Brian C. Ancell. )is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Local effects of inadvertent weather changes within and near wind farms have been well documented by a number of modeling studies and observational campaigns; however, the broader nonlocal atmospheric effects of wind farms are much less clear. )e goal of this study is to determine whether wind farm-induced perturbations are able to evolve over periods of days, and over areas of thousands of square kilometers, to modify specific atmospheric features that have large impacts on society and the environment, specifically midlatitude and tropical cyclones. Here, an ensemble modeling approach is utilized with a wind farm parameterization to quantify the sensitivity of meteorological variables to the presence of wind farms. )e results show that perturbations to nonlocal midlatitude cyclones caused by a wind farm are statistically significant, with magnitudes of roughly 1 hPa for mean sea- level pressure, 4 m/s for surface wind speed, and 15 mm for maximum 30-minute accumulated precipitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded 10/09/21 06:03 AM UTC There Is No Trend in the SST Over the NIO Basin
    TRENDS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE IMPACT A Study in Andhra Pradesh, India BY S. RAGHAVAN AND S. RAJESH Increasing damage due to tropical cyclones over Andhra Pradesh, India, is attributable mainly to economic and demographic factors and not to any increase in frequency or intensity of cyclones. t is generally accepted that, all over the world, map, Fig. 1). The damage during the past quarter cen- property damage from tropical cyclones (TC) has tury, in the coastal state of Andhra Pradesh in India Iincreased over the years. There is a common per- (Fig. 2), has been normalized for inflation, population ception in the media, and even in government and management circles, that this is due to an increase in tropical cyclone frequency and per- haps in intensity, probably as a result of global climate change. However, studies all over the world show that though there are decadal variations, there is no defi- nite long-term trend in the frequency or intensity of tropical cyclones. In this paper, we review recent worldwide literature on trends in tropical cyclone frequency, intensity, and impact, with special reference to the North Indian Ocean (NIO) ba- sin, that is, the Bay of Bengal (BoB) FIG. I. Map of the North Indian Ocean basin. The state of Andhra and Arabian Sea (AS; see locator Pradesh, India, is shown enlarged in Fig. 2. AFFILIATIONS: RAGHAVAN—India Meteorological Department 15, 2nd Cross St., Radhakrishnan Nagar, Chennai 600041, India (retired), Chennai, India; RAJESH—Madras School of Economics, E-mail: [email protected] Chennai, India DOI: 10.1 I75/BAMS-84-5-635 CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: S.
    [Show full text]
  • North Atlantic Winter Wild Storm Variability Across Different Time Scales
    North Atlantic Winter Wind Storm Variability across different Time Scales Simon Wild A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham March 2018 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In this thesis atmospheric and oceanic conditions important for the development of wind storms on different time scales are analysed. The potential usefulness and limitations of seasonal prediction models and long-term reanalyses with respect to wind storm frequency is investigated and sources of potential seasonal predictability of wind storm frequency are discussed. On the synoptic scale tropospheric growth conditions such as baroclinicity, latent heat and upper level divergence show greater magnitudes of one standard deviation on average compared to all extra-tropical cyclones. Mid-latitude Rossby waves show generally greater amplitudes for different wave numbers during wind storm events. Greater amplitudes are also found in wave numbers not typically associated with storm track activity. The analysis of extra-tropical cyclones and wind storms on the seasonal scale reveal positive, significant skill for some European regions in state-of-the-art seasonal prediction models.
    [Show full text]
  • IMILAST: a Community Effort to Intercompare Extratropical Cyclone Detection and Tracking Algorithms
    IMILAST: a community effort to intercompare extratropical cyclone detection and tracking algorithms Article Published Version Neu, U., Akperov, M. G., Bellenbaum, N., Benestad, R., Blender, R., Caballero, R., Cocozza, A., Dacre, H., Feng, Y., Fraedrich, K., Grieger, J., Gulev, S., Hanley, J., Hewson, T., Inatsu, M., Keay, K., Kew, S. F., Kindem, I., Leckebusch, G. C., Liberato, M. L. R., Lionello, P., Mokhov, I. I., Pinto, J. G., Raible, C. C., Reale, M., Rudeva, I., Schuster, M., Simmonds, I., Sinclair, M., Sprenger, M., Tilinina, N. D., Trigo, I. F., Ulbrich, S., Ulbrich, U., Wang, X. L. and Wernli, H. (2013) IMILAST: a community effort to intercompare extratropical cyclone detection and tracking algorithms. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94 (4). pp. 529-547. ISSN 0003-0007 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00154.1 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/32735/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00154.1 To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00154.1 All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online IMILAST A Community Effort to Intercompare Extratropical Cyclone Detection and Tracking Algorithms BY URS NEU, MIRSEID G.
    [Show full text]
  • Heterogeneous Effects
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kunze, Sven Working Paper Unraveling the effects of tropical cyclones on economic sectors worldwide Discussion Paper Series, No. 653 Provided in Cooperation with: Alfred Weber Institute, Department of Economics, University of Heidelberg Suggested Citation: Kunze, Sven (2018) : Unraveling the effects of tropical cyclones on economic sectors worldwide, Discussion Paper Series, No. 653, University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics, Heidelberg, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-252382 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/207630 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu University of Heidelberg Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series No. 653 Unraveling the Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Economic Sectors Worldwide Sven Kunze August 2018 Unraveling the Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Economic Sectors Worldwide Sven P.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Version of Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
    WMO-No. 1194 © World Meteorological Organization, 2017 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix P.O. Box 2300 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland ISBN 978-92-63-11194-4 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in WMO publications with named authors are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO or its Members. This publication has not been subjected to WMO standard editorial procedures. The views expressed herein do not necessarily have the endorsement of the Organization. Preface Tropical cyclones are amongst the most damaging weather phenomena that directly affect hundreds of millions of people and cause huge economic loss every year. Mitigation and reduction of disasters induced by tropical cyclones and consequential phenomena such as storm surges, floods and high winds have been long-standing objectives and mandates of WMO Members prone to tropical cyclones and their National Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sensitivity of Characteristics of Cyclone Activity to Identification Procedures in Tracking Algorithms
    SERIES A DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY PUBLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE IN STOCKHOLM The sensitivity of characteristics of cyclone activity to identification procedures in tracking algorithms By IRINA RUDEVA1,2*, SERGEY K. GULEV2,3, IAN SIMMONDS1 and NATALIA TILININA2,3, 1School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; 2P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS, Moscow, Russia; 3Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (Manuscript received 18 May 2014; in final form 22 October 2014) ABSTRACT The IMILAST project (‘Intercomparison of Mid-Latitude Storm Diagnostics’) was set up to compare low-level cyclone climatologies derived from a number of objective identification algorithms. This paper is a contribution to that effort where we determine the sensitivity of three key aspects of Northern Hemisphere cyclone behaviour [namely the number of cyclones, their intensity (defined here in terms of the central pressure) and their deepening rates] to specific features in the automatic cyclone identification. The sensitivity is assessed with respect to three such features which may be thought to influence the ultimate climatology produced (namely performance in areas of complicated orography, time of the detection of a cyclone, and the representation of rapidly propagating cyclones). We make use of 13 tracking methods in this analysis. We find that the filtering of cyclones in regions where the topography exceeds 1500 m can significantly change the total number of cyclones detected by a scheme, but has little impact on the cyclone intensity distribution. More dramatically, late identification of cyclones (simulated by the truncation of the first 12 hours of cyclone life cycle) leads to a large reduction in cyclone numbers over the both continents and oceans (up to 80 and 40%, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Role of Individual Variables on a Revised Convective System Genesis 2 Parameter Over North Indian Ocean with Respect to Distinct Background State
    Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., doi:10.5194/nhess-2016-155, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Published: 5 July 2016 c Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License. 1 Relative role of individual variables on a revised Convective System Genesis 2 Parameter over north Indian Ocean with respect to distinct background state. 3 4 1Sumesh. K.G, 2Abhilash. S, 3Ramesh Kumar. M. R. 5 6 1. Department of Agricultural Meteorology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 580005, India 7 2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682016, India 8 3. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403004, India 9 10 Correspondence to: Sumesh.K.G. ([email protected]) 11 12 Abstract. Tropical storms are intense low pressure systems that form over warm tropical ocean 13 basins. Depending upon the intensity, they are classified as depressions, cyclones and severe 14 cyclones. Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) is highly prone to intense tropical storms and roughly 5-7 15 tropical storms are forming over this basin every year. Various Cyclogenesis indices are used to 16 forecast these tropical storms over various basins including NIO. In this aspect we propose a 17 revised Convective System Genesis Parameter (CSGP) to identify regions favourable for storm 18 genesis. The revised CSGP is constructed by using different combinations and thresholds of five 19 variables namely, the Low Level Relative Vorticity, the Low Level Convergence, the Shear co- 20 efficient, the Convective Instability parameter and the Humidity parameter. The relative role of 21 each individual variable on CSGP is analysed separately for different categories of the storms over 22 both Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal.
    [Show full text]
  • Extratropical Cyclones Over East Asia: Climatology, Seasonal Cycle, and Long-Term Trend
    This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Climate Dynamics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05048-w 1 Extratropical cyclones over East Asia: Climatology, seasonal cycle, and long-term trend 2 3 Jaeyeon Lee1, Seok-Woo Son1*, Hyeong-Oh Cho1, Junsu Kim2, Dong-Hyun Cha3, John R. 4 Gyakum4, and Deliang Chen5 5 6 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of 7 Korea 8 2Advanced Modeling Infrastructure Team, Numerical Modeling Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea 9 3School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and 10 Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea 11 4Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada 12 5Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 13 Sweden 14 15 16 17 18 *Corresponding author: Seok-Woo Son, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul 19 National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. E-mail: 20 [email protected] 1 This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Climate Dynamics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05048-w 21 Abstract 22 Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) in East Asia are automatically detected and tracked by 23 applying a Lagrangian tracking algorithm to the 850-hPa relative vorticity field. The ETC 24 statistics, which are derived from ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset from 1979 to 2017, show that 25 East Asian ETCs primarily form over Mongolia, East China, and the Kuroshio Current region 26 with a maximum frequency of six to seven cyclones per month.
    [Show full text]
  • CYCLO:\E GRO,,"TH RATES O\-ER the :\ORTH PACIFIC A;\Id WESTER:\ :\ORTH .-\TLA:\TIC OCE.-\0:S
    • CYCLO:\E GRO,,"TH RATES O\-ER THE :\ORTH PACIFIC A;\iD WESTER:\ :\ORTH .-\TLA:\TIC OCE.-\0:S by Richard E. Daniclson Department of Atmosphcric and Occanic Sciences A TUESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TUE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE AT McGILL UNIVERSITY MONTREAL,QUEBEC JULY, 1996 @ Copyright by Richard E. Danie1son, 1996 • Nallonal L,brary Blbllotheque nallonale .",. of Canada Ou Canada AcqulSlllons and DirectIon des acquisitions et Blbllographlc ServIces Branch des services bibliographiques 39~ "'''~llontjlon $lrfl'f:l 395, rue 1,""el1lnglon or.~I"';1 Ont.trlo Or.a....a (Ü'1:ano) 1': l" ON·: Kl ..... ONO: o.,,·.... ,'Ilo~, ..'~t' The author has granted an L'auteur a accordé une licence irrevocable non-exclusive licence irrévocable et non exclusive allowing the National Library of permettant à la Bibliothèque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationale du Canada de distribute or sell copies of reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou his/her thesis by any mear.s and vendre des copies de sa thèse in any form or format, making de quelque manière et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des personnes intéressées. The author retains ownership of L'auteur conserve la propriétédu the copyright in his/her thesis. droit d'auteur qui protège sa Neither the thesis nor substantial thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits extracts from it may be printed or substantiels de celle-ci ne otherwise reproduced without doivent être imprimés ou his/her permission. autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Variability and Lifecycles of North Atlantic Midlatitude Cyclones Originating in the Tropics
    Historical variability and lifecycles of North Atlantic midlatitude cyclones originating in the tropics Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 Open access Baker, A. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-1350, Hodges, K. I., Schiemann, R. K. H. and Vidale, P. L. (2021) Historical variability and lifecycles of North Atlantic midlatitude cyclones originating in the tropics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126 (9). e2020JD033924. ISSN 2169-8996 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033924 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/97427/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JD033924 To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033924 Publisher: American Geophysical Union All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online RESEARCH ARTICLE Historical Variability and Lifecycles of North Atlantic 10.1029/2020JD033924 Midlatitude Cyclones Originating in the Tropics Key Points: Alexander J. Baker1 , Kevin I. Hodges1, Reinhard K. H. Schiemann1 , and Pier Luigi Vidale1 • North Atlantic cyclones
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Secondary Cyclones and Cyclone Families for the North Atlantic Storm Track and Clustering Over Western Europe
    The role of secondary cyclones and cyclone families for the North Atlantic storm track and clustering over western Europe Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Priestley, M. D. K., Dacre, H. F., Shaffrey, L. C. and Pinto, J. G. (2020) The role of secondary cyclones and cyclone families for the North Atlantic storm track and clustering over western Europe. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146 (728). pp. 1184-1205. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3733 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/88917/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3733 Publisher: Royal Meteorological Society All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Received: 26 July 2019 Revised: 15 November 2019 Accepted: 20 December 2019 DOI: 10.1002/qj.3733 RESEARCH ARTICLE The role of secondary cyclones and cyclone families for the North Atlantic storm track and clustering over western Europe Matthew D. K. Priestley1 Helen F. Dacre1 LenC.Shaffrey2 Sebastian Schemm3 Joaquim G. Pinto4 1Department of Meteorology, University Abstract of Reading, Reading, UK Secondary cyclones are those that form in association with a pre-existing pri- 2National Centre for Atmospheric mary cyclone, typically along a trailing cold front.
    [Show full text]