DOCSLIB.ORG

Examining the Relationship Between Computed Tomography and Neuropsychological Measures in Normal and Demented Elderly

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Examining the Relationship Between Computed Tomography and Neuropsychological Measures in Normal and Demented Elderly J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.47.12.1319 on 1 December 1984. Downloaded from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1984;47: 1319-1325 Examining the relationship between computed tomography and neuropsychological measures in normal and demented elderly PAUL J ESLINGER, HANNA DAMASIO, NEILL GRAFF-RADFORD, ANTONIO R DAMASIO From the Department of Neurology (Division of Behavioural Neurology) University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA SUMMARY Correlational analysis of CT and neuropsychological measures in patients with demen- tia revealed more predictive relationships in degenerative and vascular subgroups that in a multi-aetiology group. Normal and dementia patients were then matched for age, sex and educa- tional background, and analysed together. The ventricular/brain ratios of the bodies of the lateral ventricles and of the third ventricle correlated most highly with neuropsychologic performance. a Canonical analysis revealed correlation coefficient of 0O725 between the sets of CT and neuro- guest. Protected by copyright. psychological measures, which increased to 0-78 when a degenerative subgroup only was con- sidered. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the combination of CT and neuropsycho- logical measures was more powerful in discriminating normals from dementia patients than CT or neuropsychological measures alone. The relationship between brain and behavioural vascular pathology. The commonly used linear changes in aging and dementia has been the subject measurement of CT features is less likely to reflect of much research and debate. Specifically, the rela- volumetric variation that area measurements. The tionship between changes in brain morphology, as absolute size of brain structures on CT is less likely reflected by computed tomography (CT), and to reflect intersubject differences than a ratio bet- changes in behaviour, as measured by clinical scales ween the area of brain structure and the area of the and neuropsychological tests, has been described as whole brain at the same level. Furthermore, there relatively weak for both normal elderly' 2 and for exists a general consensus that measures of cortical dementia patients.34 Nonetheless, several studies atrophy are unreliable, difficult to incorporate into a have suggested that some correlation exists, albeit ratio and less related to mental decline than ven- moderate between brain atrophy on CT and various tricular measures.4 5 8 10 12 behavioural measures.5-'2 Our contention is that, From a neuropsychological standpoint, the com- owing to a variety of methodological reasons, the mon usage of global clinical judgment, gross rating nature of the relationship has not been fully scales, or simple psychometric tests, may fail to pro- appreciated in previous studies. For instance, the vide important differential features of mental http://jnnp.bmj.com/ lack of correlation in a neuropathologically decline. A notable exception is the report of de heterogeneous dementia group may mask specific Leon et al8 describing patients with Alzheimeres dis- CT-behavioural correlations in more homogeneous ease. The authors employed a variety of standar- subgroups such as those with strictly degenerative or dised tests and found a number of significant corre- lations with CT measures. Address for reprint requests: Paul J Eslinger, PhD Department of In a previous study we have established methods of quantitative CT measurement,'3 utilising ratios of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA on September 28, 2021 by 52242. ventricular and whole brain areas which discrimi- nated between scans of older normals and dementia Received 23 March 1984 and in revised form 25 June 1984. patients. Also, we have established that multivariate analysis of objective neuropsychological tests asses- Accepted 25 June 1984 sing verbal and visual memory, word fluency, tem- 319 3* N J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.47.12.1319 on 1 December 1984. Downloaded from 1320 Eslinger, Damasio, Graff-Radford, Damasio Table 1 Characteristics ofdementia sample (Study 1) Two neurologists, blind to the clinical and behavioural profiles of the subjects, independently traced onto translu- sample size 64 cent paper, the following cerebral structures: (1) the third male:female 36:28 age range (yr) 60-88 ventricle at the level of the foramina of Monro; (2) the mean age (yr) 71-73 frontal horns at the level at which they were largest; (3) the (SD) (6 65) bodies of the lateral ventricles at the first level in which age distribution they were fully seen; and (4) the interhemispheric fissure at 60-69 yr 34% 70-79 yr 52% the same level as the bodies of the ventricles. At each level, 80-88 yr 14% the entire perimeter of the brain was also traced. The sur- educational range (yr) 5-20 faces circumscribed by those tracings were then retraced mean years of education 11-02 connected to a (SD) (3-14) with a magnetic digitiser pen, directly Aetiology degenerative disease 45% Hewlett-Packard graphics computer. By means of a vascular disease 24% specifically designed program, the area subtended by each other/mixed aetiologies* 31% tracing was determined, and a percent ratio between the *that is, head injuries, alcoholism, drug effects, metabolic and ventricular or interhemispheric fissure area and the corres- endocrine disease, alone and in combination. ponding brain area was calculated. The mean of the two neurologists' tracings served as the dependent measure. Neuropsychological tests poral orientation and visual perception, discrimi- The neuropsychological battery, administered by a nated between older normals and dementia neuropsychologist blinded to both CT and neurological patients.'4 Based on these methods of analysis, we evaluation, included the following tests: the nature of the relationship between 1 Temporal Orientation This test assesses the accuracy considered of identification of the year, month, day of month, day of CT measures and neuropsychological performance week and time of day according to the standardised a group of in two studies. The first examined large method of Benton." A perfect score is zero and increasing guest. Protected by copyright. patients with dementia. The second focused on scores represent increasing disorientation. matched groups of normal and demented elderly. 2 Digit span Administration and scoring of this immediate memory test was similar to the WAIS Digit STUDY 1 Span subtest except that the raw score represents the number of digit sequences correctly repeated (forwards Method and backwards) rather than the number of digits per se. This methods results in a more reliable estimate of perfor- Subjects mance.'9 The dementia sample consisted of 64 patients referred to 3 Digit sequence learning (" Digit supraspan") This test University Hospitals for neurological evaluation because of short-term auditory-verbal memory requires the subject of progressive mental decline. The principal complaints to learn an eight or nine digit sequence, depending upon included failing memory, poor judgment and inability to education level, over repeated trials. Testing is terminated live independently (see table 1 for sample characteristics). after 12 trials or two consecutive correct repetitions. We purposefully included various aetiologies of dementia, Administration and scoring followed the method of but simultaneously identified the major subgroups of Hamsher et al.20 degenerative disease and vascular disease. Patients who 4 Logical memory (Wechsler Memory Scale) Scores on could not satisfactorily complete comprehensive neurolog- this test of verbal recall represent the average number of ical and neuropsychological examinations because of items correctly recalled from two stories. Administration severe mental decline were excluded. The conditions of all and scoring followed the method of Wechsler.2' patients conformed to Roth's'5 definition of dementia, that 5 Associate learning (Wechsler Memory Scale). Scores is, a condition of progressive deterioration of intellectual on this test of learning 10 word pairs over three trials were and affective faculties in a state of intact consciousness, as obtained through the standard method of Wechsler.2' http://jnnp.bmj.com/ well as to DSM III criteria. Each patient had an extensive 6 Visual retention test Number correct and error scores evaluation, which included neurological examination, on this test of short-term visual memory for designs were comprehensive blood chemistry analyses (complete blood obtained through administration A (immediate reproduc- cell count, 6- and 12-factor automated chemical analysis, tion after 10 second exposure of each design) of Form C.22 ESR, VDRL, and determinations of serum vitamin B129 Though highly correlated, number correct and error scores folate, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels), were treated separately in analysis. study of cerebrospinal fluid, computed tomography (CT), 7 Controlled oral word association (" Word and EEG in a standard 20-20 montage. Diagnoses were Fluency") This test requires the oral production of words based on the application of current clinical diagnostic beginning with a given letter of the alphabet over a one on September 28, 2021 by criteria'6 and of Hachinski's'' ischaemia scale. Aetiology of minute period. Three letters are successively presented, dementia is summarised in table 1. and scores represent the cumulative number of correct responses.23 CT analysis 8 Facial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Journal of Neuroradiology
    JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX . • Description p.1 • Impact Factor p.1 • Abstracting and Indexing p.2 • Editorial Board p.2 • Guide for Authors p.4 ISSN: 0150-9861 DESCRIPTION . The Journal of Neuroradiology is a peer-reviewed journal, publishing worldwide clinical and basic research in the field of diagnostic and Interventional neuroradiology, translational and molecular neuroimaging, and artificial intelligence in neuroradiology. The Journal of Neuroradiology considers for publication articles, reviews, technical notes and letters to the editors (correspondence section), provided that the methodology and scientific content are of high quality, and that the results will have substantial clinical impact and/or physiological importance. All manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Neuroradiology are first evaluated by the Editor-in-Chief and/or the Associate Editors to see if they are suitable for a peer-review . If yes, then the manuscript is send for peer review by international experts, and must:Be clear and easy to understand, precise and concise;Bring new, interesting, valid information - and improve clinical care or guide future research; Be solely the work of the author(s) stated; Not have been previously published elsewhere and not be under consideration by another journal; Be in accordance with the journal's Guide for Authors' instructions. Under no circumstances does the journal guarantee publication before the editorial board makes its final decision. 2020 Impact Factor: 3.447, 2020 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2021) 6 issues/year IMPACT FACTOR . 2020: 3.447 © Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports 2021 AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 2 Oct 2021 www.elsevier.com/locate/neurad 1 ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING .
    [Show full text]
  • PAH Neurology, Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology
    Provided by: PAH Neurology, NeuroSurgery, NeuroRadiology (NNN) Case Conference 2018-2020 PAH Neurology, NeuroSurgery, NeuroRadiology (NNN) Case Conference 2018-20202019 - 8/6/2019 August 8, 2019 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM Penn Neurologic Institute, 330 South 9th Street, 2nd Floor Conference Room Target Audience This program has been designed for Neurology, Neurological Surgery, Psychiatry, Surgery, Psychiatry And Neurology - Addiction Psychiatry, Psychiatry And Neurology - Brain Injury Medicine, Psychiatry And Neurology - Child And Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry And Neurology - Epilepsy, Psychiatry And Neurology - Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatry And Neurology - Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatry And Neurology - Clinical Neurophysiology, Psychiatry And Neurology - Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Psychiatry And Neurology - Neuromuscular Medicine, Psychiatry And Neurology - Pain Medicine, Psychiatry And Neurology - Sleep Medicine, Psychiatry And Neurology - Vascular Neurology, Radiology - Neuroradiology, Psychiatry And Neurology - Hospice And Palliative Medicine, Psychiatry And Neurology - Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Series Educational Objectives After participating in this regularly scheduled series, participants should be able to: 1 Correctly identify any of the entities discussed during the session when encountered in clinical practice. 2 List the appropriate imaging modalities required for diagnostic clarification, whenever the clinical syndrome is non-specific. 3 Correctly associate imaging findings discussed during the session with specific
    [Show full text]
  • Careers in Medicine 101
    Careers in Medicine 101 1/25/12 Joanne Lynn, MD Disclaimer You are NOT expected to choose a career today, tomorrow or this year Getting Started on Career Selection • Spend Time Reflecting on your talents • Develop a List of Possible Interests • Explore WIDELY – Avoid Confirmation Bias • Study Hard and Do Well – Your patients need this from you – Your residency will be easier – You will have more options Reflect: How Will You Serve? Talents & Interests Key Questions • Where do I get my energy? – Thinking? Doing? Combo? • How do I like to interact with people? – Longitudinally? Episodically? • Do I have unique time pressures? • What are my unique talents? – Relationships? Problem Solving? Vision and Strategy? Creativity? Technical Skills? • What will my life outside of medicine look like? – How many hours do I expect to work? – What else will I be committed to? Medicine today is Extraordinarily Flexible Talents can be used in many different disciplines Good at Relationships? Interested in Wellness? Primary Care • Pediatrics • Family Medicine • Internal Medicine --and— • Alternative and Complementary Medicine • Occupational Medicine Like to Solve Puzzles? Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemmas • Internal Medicine • Neurology • Pathology Like to use your Hands? Good at Video Games? Surgery Open Laparoscopic Robotic Endovascular Specialties Neurosurgery Neuroradiology Interventional Cardiology Peripheral Vascular Surgeon Interventional Radiology Endoscopic Specialties Gastroenterology Pulmonary Medicine Urology Interested in Electronics? Neurology:
    [Show full text]
  • WCN19 Journal Posters Part 2 Revised V1
    JNS-0000116542; No. of Pages 131 ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of the Neurological Sciences (2019) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of the Neurological Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jns WCN19 Journal Posters Part 2 revised_V1 WCN19-2260 WCN19-2269 Poster shift 01 - Channelopathies /neuroethics /neurooncology / Poster shift 01 - Channelopathies /neuroethics /neurooncology / pain - Part I /sleep disorders - Part I /stem cells and gene therapy - pain - Part I /sleep disorders - Part I /stem cells and gene therapy - Part I /stroke /training in neurology - Part I and traumatic brain Part I /stroke /training in neurology - Part I and traumatic brain injury injury Numb chin syndrome- The first finding in metastatic malignancy Results of surgical treatment in patients with moyamoya disease considering CT-perfusion imaging study N. Mustafayev, A. Bayrakoglu, F. Ilgen Uslu, M. Kolukısa Bezmialem University, Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey O. Harmatinaa, V. Morozb, I. Skorokhodab, I. Tyshb, N. Shahinb,R. Hanemb, U. Maliarb a Numb chin syndrome (NCS) is a sensory neuropathy of the SI «Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of NAMS of Ukraine», mental nerve, which is accompanied by hypoesthesia and paresthe- Neuroradiology Department, Kyiv, Ukraine b sia of the jaw and lower lip. Although being well known in neurology SI «Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of NAMS of Ukraine», practice, most of the physicians who have not experienced this Emergency Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, Kyiv, Ukraine phenomenon are unaware of this phenomenon since it is rare and can be confused with somatic complaints. This case report aims to Aim point out that NCS may be the first sign and symptom of metastatic To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with cancers in patients who are not diagnosed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distinguished History of Radiology at the University of Michigan
    The Distinguished History of Radiology at the University of Michigan On the Occasion of the Centennial Celebration of the Discovery of X-rays William Martel Fred Jenner Hodges Professor Department of Radiology 1 The Distinguished History of Radiology at the University of Michigan On the Occasion of the Centennial Celebration of the Discovery of X-rays by William Martel Fred Jenner Hodges Professor Department of Radiology 2 To my beloved wife, Rhoda, and our wonderful children, Lisa, Pamela, Caryn, Jonathan and David. Acknowledgements The Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, was a major information resource for this paper. I appreciate the information and advice provided by N. Reed Dunnick, Barry H. Gross, Nicholas H. Steneck, Terry M. Silver and Donna C. Eder and thank Horace W. Davenport for permitting wide use of material from his book [4] and Kallie Bila Michels, Judalyn G. Seling, Cynthia Sims-Holmes and Diane D. Williams for their assistance in preparing the manuscript. I also appreciate the editorial assistance of Keri Ellis of the American Roentgen Ray Society. Finally, I regret the inability, for lack of space, to cite many individuals whose accomplishments contributed to the rich heritage of the department. Some of this material has been previously published (Martel W. The Rich Tradition of Radiology at the University of Michigan. AJR 1995;165:995-1002) and is reproduced here with permission of the American Roentgen Ray Society. 3 The Distinguished History of Radiology at the University of Michigan As we celebrate the centennial of Roentgen's discovery of X-rays, it is appropriate to reflect on the events at the University of Michigan that arose from that discovery and on the significant influence the Department of Radiology subsequently had on the emergence of radiology as an important, scientific medical specialty.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Neuroimaging Information: a Case for Neuro Exceptionalism
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 34 Issue 2 Article 6 2007 Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism Stacey A. Torvino [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Stacey A. Torvino, Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism, 34 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. (2007) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol34/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING INFORMATION: A CASE FOR NEURO EXCEPTIONALISM Stacey A. Torvino VOLUME 34 WINTER 2007 NUMBER 2 Recommended citation: Stacey A. Torvino, Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case for Neuro Exceptionalism, 34 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 415 (2007). FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING INFORMATION: A CASE FOR NEURO EXCEPTIONALISM? STACEY A. TOVINO, J.D., PH.D.* I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 415 II. FMRI: A BRIEF HISTORY ............................................................................. 419 III. FMRI APPLICATIONS ................................................................................... 423 A. Clinical Applications............................................................................ 423 B. Understanding Racial Evaluation......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stanford University Neuroradiology Fellowship
    STANFORD UNIVERSITY NEURORADIOLOGY FELLOWSHIP The neuroradiology fellowship at Stanford University Medical Center is designed to be a well-balanced academic training program that encompasses all of the basic and advanced clinical and research areas of both adult and pediatric neuroradiology. The overall aims of this fellowship are two-fold: to produce neuroradiologists with the highest level of clinical expertise, and to produce the future leaders in academic neuroradiology. The goal of this fellowship program is for Neuroradiology fellows to develop knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to properly evaluate, diagnose and manage patients with neurological, ENT and neurosurgical diseases. Therefore, this fellowship requires participation in clinical, research, and educational aspects of neuroradiology. Neuroradiology fellows will be exposed to all imaging modalities used to evaluate neurologic disease, including CT, MR, myelography, angiography, and imaging guided biopsies, during the course of the fellowship. Interventional neuroradiologic procedures are also performed at state-of-the-art levels at Stanford, and neuroradiology fellows will actively participate in these procedures. Goal of the Neuroradiology Fellowship Program Core Competencies Fellows should achieve the Interpersonal System following objectives: and -Based Patient Medical Practice-Based Communicati Professional Learni Care Knowledge Learning on Skills ism ng 1. Acquire specific knowledge about the physical principles of imaging modalities (CT,MR,ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography). X X 2. Identify the practical uses of CT, MR, ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of neurologiocal, ENT and neurosurgical diseases. X X X 3. Develop thorough knowledge of the physical and physiological properties of contrast agents used in CT, MR, and angiography; including contraindications and management of potential complications.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroradiology
    What Neuroradiology The Advanced Imaging Center at Westchester Medical Center is a Imaging Services one-stop, full-service facility offering are offered at the latest advanced diagnostic technology in such areas as MRI, Westchester Medical Center? CT Scan, Bone Density, Ultrasound, ADVANCED IMAGING Mammography and General Radiology, including one of the most • MRI of the brain and spine advanced imaging systems available for clinical care, the 256-slice • MR Angiography (MRA) of the head and neck computed tomography (CT) scanner. • MRI and CT of the orbits, IACs/temporal In order to maintain our high bones, and sinuses standard of care, all of our services have undergone voluntary MRI and CT of the neck soft tissues • accreditation programs from the • MR Spectroscopy American College of Radiology. • Functional MRI (fMRI) • Perfusion and diffusion techniques Neuroradiology • Contrast-enhanced techniques Westchester Medical Center • Diffusion Tensor Imaging Advanced Imaging • 3 Tesla MR Imaging 19 Bradhurst Ave., Suite 1000, Hawthorne, NY 10532 Phone: (914) 493-2500 • Myelography to schedule an appointment press 2 Fax: (914) 493-2501 • Lumbar Puncture • CT of the brain and spine To make an appointment at the hospital, please call (914) 493-1927 (Neuro MRI) or (914) 493-1512 (Neuro CT). • CT Angiography (CTA) of the head and neck What is 12-0631 1.13 • CT Perfusion including Diamox Challenge Neuroradiology? • 3D and multiplanar reconstruction Neuroradiology is a subspecialty of Radiology focusing on the diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system, spine, head and neck. A neuroradiologist uses imaging technology to help diagnose disorders of the brain, Department of spinal cord, nerves and muscles.
    [Show full text]
  • “A History of Twentieth Century Neuroradiology in Uruguay and Its Far-Reaching Influence in Latin America”
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE “A HISTORY OF TWENTIETH CENTURY NEURORADIOLOGY IN URUGUAY AND ITS FAR-REACHING INFLUENCE IN LATIN AMERICA”. Angélica Wozniak Eduardo Wilson INTRODUCTION When we were invited to describe Fischgold, around the middle of the the history of neuroradiology in twentieth century. (3) Uruguay for the Regional Erik Lindgren, who at a later date Conference of Neurohistory taking was likewise considered the father place in Montevideo in September of neuroradiology, wrote the chapter 2012, we made the project of writing entitled “History of Neuroradiology” on the subject. (1) We later wrote in “Radiology of the Skull and this account that only includes the Brain”, the classic text of Newton events that took place during the and Potts. This book was published twentieth century. in 1971, just before Computerized Although the History of Tomography was discovered. neuroradiology is quite well known, Lindgren considers that a brief summary is mandatory. It neuroradiology came into being began with the discovery of X-rays when Dandy performed, in 1918, the by Roentgen in 1895. In 1896 a air injection that marked the Swedish physician, Dr. Stenbeck, beginning of took anterior-posterior and lateral pneumoencephalography. Lindgren views of the skull, which enabled considered that the preceding stage, him to detect a projectile in the which included pioneering occipital region. The patient was experiences, belonged to the operated because of that finding, general development of Radiology. and the location of the bullet was The use of contrast implied new confirmed. (2) advances; contrast was now Later on, several milestones marked injected into arteries. In 1927, Egas the development of neuroradiology.
    [Show full text]
  • The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Neurological Disorders & Stroke Institute (NINDS) Through the Clinical Neuroscienc
    The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Neurological Disorders & Stroke Institute (NINDS) through the Clinical Neurosciences Program, will be coordinating a virtual event Friday, September 10th 2021 (at 2PM EST), with the goal of promoting our fellowship programs to prospective residents and medical students, who may be interested in applying. One of the main goals of this event is to reach out to groups that have been underrepresented in neurology research and who may not be aware of our program’s diverse training opportunities which include: epilepsy; surgical neurology; neuroimmunology; neurovirology; neurogenetics; movement disorders; stroke and trauma; neurorehabilitation; neuro-oncology; neuromuscular disorders; motor neuron disease; cognitive neuroscience; neurocardiology and autonomic disorders; neuroradiology; clinical neurophysiology; clinical trials methodology. ACGME accredited programs include clinical neurophysiology, stroke, and epilepsy. Our fellowship programs allow physicians who have finished neurology residency training to obtain expertise in aspects of disease-oriented research including research on the etiology of disease and the design and conduct of clinical trials. Please join us for this special opportunity, as NINDS program directors will speak about the diverse scope of resources that are available for trainees to develop the specific training experiences needed for their career goals. Attendees will be invited to attend a separate career day symposium to obtain more information and discuss with individual program directors. You are invited to a ZoomGov meeting. When: Sep 10, 2021 02:00 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada) Register in advance for this meeting: https://nih.zoomgov.com/meeting/register/vJIscOCurjovGINioo9ak75mykV6ik7WQNw .
    [Show full text]
  • CONSUMER NEUROSCIENCE GOES MAINSTREAM by Michael E
    OCTOBER 2016-VOL 1 ISSUE 2 FROM THEORY TO COMMON PRACTICE: CONSUMER NEUROSCIENCE GOES MAINSTREAM By Michael E. Smith, VP Consumer Neuroscience Carl Marci, Chief Neuroscientist, Nielsen EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The world of measurement is changing. SAUL ROSENBERG Thanks to recent advances in data collection, transfer, storage and analysis, MANAGING EDITOR there’s never been more data available to research organizations. But ‘Big JEROME SAMSON Data’ does not guarantee good data, and robust research methodologies are more important than ever. REVIEW BOARD Measurement Science is at the heart of what we do. Behind every piece of PAUL DONATO data at Nielsen, behind every insight, there’s a world of scientific methods EVP, Chief Research Officer and techniques in constant development. And we’re constantly cooperating Watch R&D on ground-breaking initiatives with other scientists and thought-leaders in the industry. All of this work happens under the hood, but it’s not any less MAINAK MAZUMDAR important. In fact, it’s absolutely fundamental in ensuring that the data our EVP, Chief Research Officer clients receive from us is of the utmost quality. Watch Data Science These developments are very exciting to us, and we created the Nielsen FRANK PIOTROWSKI Journal of Measurement to share them with you. EVP, Chief Research Officer Buy Data Science ARUN RAMASWAMY WELCOME TO THE NIELSEN JOURNAL Chief Engineer OF MEASUREMENT ERIC SOLOMON SVP, Product Leadership SAUL ROSENBERG The Nielsen Journal of Measurement will explore the following topic areas in 2016: BIG DATA - Articles in this topic area will explore ways in which Big Data may be used to improve research methods and further our understanding of consumer behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Cerebral Palsy: MR Findings in 40 Patients
    Cerebral Palsy: MR Findings in 40 Patients 1 2 2 3 3 3 Charles L. Truwit, ' A . James Barkovich, ' Thomas K . Koch, and Donna M. Ferriero .4 Purpose:, We used MR to retrospectively analyze the brains of patients suffering from cerebral palsy, our aim being to determine MR's role in the assessment of brain damage and the relationship of pre-, peri-, and post-natal events to cerebral palsy. Methods: Forty patients (aged 1 month to 41 years) underwent MR scanning and findings were correlated with clinical histories in all cases. Results: Review of MR scans of 11 patients who had been born prematurely revealed findings of periventricular white matter damage, indicative of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (82%), the chronology of which was difficult to determine. Among 29 patiel")ts who had been born at term, three major patterns emerged: (1), gyral anomalies, suggestive of polymicrogyria, consistent with mid-second trim'ester injury; (2), isolated periventricular leukomalacia reflecting late second- or early third-trimester injury; and (3), watershed cortical or deep gray nuclear damage, consistent with late third-trimester, perinatal or postnatal injury. In 16 (55%) of 29 patients born at term, MR findings of intrauterine brain damage were observed; in over half of these cases MR revealed developmental anomalies, which is nearly twice the rate reported in prior studies employing CT. Conclusion: Our results support a growing consensus that cerebral palsy in term infants is often the result of prenatal factors, and less commonly related to the perinatal period. Index term: Cerebral palsy AJNR 13:67-78, January /February 1992 Cerebral palsy (CP) has been the subject of numbers of cases that have gone to autopsy.
    [Show full text]