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UK Council for Psychotherapy Issue 39 Autumn 2008

Positive psychology and the psychotherapist the The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:13 Page B

the psychotherapist

Diversity and Equalities Contents Page Statement Guest Editorial: Positive psychology 1 Positive psychology and strengths- The United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP) promotes an active engagement based clinical work 2 with difference and therefore seeks to provide a framework for the professions of psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic counseling which allows competing and diverse Psychotherapy as strength-spotting 4 ideas and perspectives on what it means to be human to be considered, respected and valued. Through the lenses of time: in search of balance and well-being 6 UKCP is committed to addressing issues of prejudice and discrimination in relation to the mental well being, political belief, gender and gender identity, sexual preference or Growth following adversity: a new orientation, disability, marital or partnership status, race, nationality, ethnic origin, heritage paradigm for the study of post- identity, religious or spiritual identity, age or socio-economic class of individuals and traumatic stress and its treatment 8 groups. William James: psychological energy UKCP keeps its policies and procedures under review in order to ensure that the and human functioning 10 realities of discrimination, exclusion, oppression and alienation that may form part of the experience of its registrants as well as of their clients are addressed appropriately. Positive psychotherapy [PPT] 12 UKCP seeks to ensure that the practice of psychotherapy is utilised in the service of the Autogenic therapy and positive celebration of human difference and diversity, and that at no time is psychotherapy used psychology 14 as a means of coercion or oppression of any group or individual. Book review 16 Editorial Policy Chair’s report 22 The Psychotherapist is published for the benefit of UKCP registrants and aims to keep UK Shape Development update 19 them informed of developments likely to impact on their practice and provide an opportunity for registrants to share information and views on professional practice and The Political Action Group 20 topical issues. A wider picture 21 The material in The Psychotherapist is only provided for general information purposes and does not constitute professional advice of any nature. Whilst every effort is made to Letter from the Vice Chair ensure the content in The Psychotherapist is accurate and true, on occasion there may be (Registrants) 22 mistakes and readers are advised not to rely upon its content. Row row row your boat 23 The Editor and UKCP accept no responsibility or liability for any loss which may arise from reliance on the information contained in The Psychotherapist. From our European correspondent 26 From time to time The Psychotherapist may publish articles of a controversial nature. Letters to the Editor 27 The views expressed are those of the author and not of the Editor or UKCP. New UKCP registrants 29 Regional connections 30 Advertising Policy Invitation to a UKCP Conference 30 Advertisements are the responsibility of the advertiser and do not imply Events 31 endorsement by UKCP or the editor of The Psychotherapist.The editor reserves the right to reject or to cancel advertisements without notice. Work opportunities 34

Managing Editor: Jude Cohen-Phillips Continuing professional Guest Editor: Yasmin Headley development 35 Editorial Board: James Antrican, Jude Cohen-Phillips, Sally Forster, Katrina Phillips, Sally Scott, Tom Warnecke Published by UK Council for Psychotherapy, Cover photo: Professor Martin Seligman 2nd Floor, Edward House, 2 Wakley Street, London EC1V 7LT Positive Psychology Center Registered Charity No. 1058545 University of Pennsylania Company No. 3258939 Registered in England

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the psychotherapist feature: positive psychology Guest editorial: Positive psychology

The Contributors References The first seven people listed are well Bandler, R & Grindler, (1983) Reframing: known in the field of positive psychology; Guest Editor: Yasmin Headley Neurolinguistic Programming and the Chris Peterson, Nansook Park,Alex Transformation of Meaning. Linley, Ilona Boniwell, Stephen Joseph, Positive Psychology is the scientific Cacioppo, J.T. Berntson,Adolphs, R (2002) James Pawelski and Tayyab Rashid. Areas study of the strengths and virtues Foundations in Social Neuroscience. MIT covered in the articles listed in this issue that enable individuals and Press. communities to thrive. This field is are positive psychotherapy, post- traumatic growth, strength-spotting, time, Klopfer,W.G.Humor and Psychotherapy. founded on the belief that people want philosophy and William James. (1984) Journal of Personality Assessment, to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to Volume 48, Issue 6 February 1984, pages cultivate what is best within themselves, I have also added the work of Jane Bird 660 – 661. and to enhance their experiences of love, because of her work in autogenic training Lyubomirsky, S (2008) The How of work, and play (see online reference). (AT). AT is a systematic and scientific Happiness. A practical Guide to Getting the method of relaxation which has been Life You Want. A Sphere Original. The Positive found to be an extremely effective way of Oring, E. (1984) Jokes of Sigmund Freud:A There are many positives in managing stress. Meditative techniques Study in Humour and Jewish Identity. psychotherapy. Contrary to the popular have been found to work well with University of Pennsylvania Press. press, it is not all about the pain, misery positive psychology (Shapiro et al, 2005). and the upsetting things in life. Many Shapiro et al (2005) Meditation and Positive Psychology. 646-662 in Snyder & psychotherapists do also help their clients I would like to express my sincere Lopez (2005) Handbook of Positive to grow and develop. Those who are appreciation to all the contributors, who Psychology. Oxford University Press. psychotherapists also know of the responded to my request for articles humour, the off-beat moments and the with enthusiasm and energy, and have Online Reference tender connections which often occur in produced articles that are engaging, http://www.ppc.sas.upenn.edu/ the therapeutic space. thoughtful and creative. accessed 15/05/08 The articles that follow present the Due to the constraints of space and time Write for The Psychotherapist positive in psychotherapy. This is not to some of the articles had to be edited, but Would you like to respond to say there are no negatives in it is hoped that the essence of the something you have seen in this psychotherapy – ever. Often we reframe material has been left intact for you to issue? Or to something in the areas (Bandler, 1983) for our clients to enjoy. You will also see that interesting outside world that is affecting you as work with and Freud himself was known books by four of the contributors are a psychotherapist? to have quite a sense of humour available for review for the next issue of (Oring,1984. Klopfer,1984). The Psychotherapist, if you would like to Do you, or your MO, have a read further on these subjects. particular group of clients that you The series of articles that follow clarify specialise in working with? Or are some of the material from an approach Yasmin Headley BA,Dip HG, MA, you involved in a particular project called ‘positive psychology’. Positive CUG,AdDip, MAPP you think innovative or unusual? psychology is not just ‘happiology’ or UKCP Registrant ‘Pollyanna’ fantasy. This approach focuses Have you attended a workshop or on the positive and the emphasis it places Yasmin Headley is an Integrative seminar that has influenced your on scientific research has given more Psychotherapist living and working in personal practice, that you would credence to the notion that the positive London. She has been coaching and like to share with or recommend to has a large part to play in our work with counselling people extensively by phone other psychotherapists? clients. The negativity bias (Cacioppo, and in person since the 1990s. 2002) that naturally occurs within us has Or would you like to guest edit an to be attended to and worked on Her particular interests are in taking issue of The Psychotherapist? constantly. To be happy and effectively the ‘positives’ more seriously happy requires constant attention and particularly with regards to cultural Write with your suggestion(s) to work (Lyubormirsky, 2008). change, aging, spirituality and money. the Editor, Jude Cohen-Phillips: (www.integrative.com) [email protected]

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the psychotherapist feature: positive psychology Positive psychology and strengths-based clinical work Christopher Peterson & Nansook Park

Besides providing a vantage on what is considered a psychological disorder, positive psychology also speaks to other aspects of therapy. Even if therapeutic concern is with traditional diagnostic categories, the goals of therapy can be fleshed out with a positive psychology perspective, keeping in mind the vision of psychological health already discussed and more generally by taking DSM Axis V (global assessment of functioning) as seriously as diagnosis on Axis I and Axis II. Christopher Peterson Nansook Park “Low life satisfaction can When positive psychology was first If one can extrapolate from the sorts of described, its stated goal was not to topics that have been studied, positive occur in the absence of move people from -5 to zero – the psychology assumes that people are doing presumed goal of business-as-usual well when they experience more positive psychopathology” feelings than negative feelings, are satisfied psychology – but rather from +2 to Assessment has long been a staple of +5 (Seligman, 2002). This emphasis on with their lives as they have been lived, have identified what they do well and use psychology, and much of it has been promotion as opposed to remediation these talents and strengths on an ongoing tilted – understandably – toward was useful in highlighting what was novel basis; are highly engaged in what they do, identifying weaknesses, deficiencies, and about positive psychology, but did not do are contributing members of a social problems. The positive psychology justice to what this new field might help community, and have a sense of meaning perspective is that business-as-usual people to achieve. and purpose in their lives (Peterson, assessment should be expanded by 2006). Health and safety provide an attention to areas of strength and “positive psychology can important context for psychological well- competence. Low life satisfaction can being. It is difficult to imagine a cultural occur in the absence of do more than help group in which these components of the psychopathology, and it is nonetheless good life are not valued. related to psychological and social people doing well in life problems. Conversely, high life do even better” Here we have a vision of mental health satisfaction is linked to good functioning that can be used to make sense of even in the presence of symptoms. Interventions based on positive psychological problems that people psychology can do more than help might have. Problems (from a positive Positive psychologists have already people doing well in life do even better. psychology perspective) represent developed an impressive set of These interventions may also help shortcomings with respect to one or measurement instruments that allow people with problems lead a fulfilling life, more of the components of the someone doing assessment to break moving them from -5 to +2 or beyond. psychological good life. For example, through the zero point of deficiency Whatever the presenting complaints, people may experience more negative measures. For example, the healthiest people also bring into therapy assets and affect than positive affect; they may be that one can score on a typical measure strengths that can be used to resolve dissatisfied with their lives; they may be of depression is zero, but this lumps their problems. A crucial task of any socially estranged; they may be bored, together people who are blasé with treatment is therefore to identify clients’ alienated, or nihilistic; and so on. those who are filled with zest and joy. resources and encourage their use. The distinction seems well worth

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making, and the self-report surveys and Research support is accumulating. for assessment, treatment, and interviews developed by positive Enough outcome studies have been promotion. Positive psychology psychologists allow it. conducted to conclude that these expands our view of psychological therapies are more than just promising, health beyond the absence of symptoms Many of the popular positive psychology with effect sizes in the small to and disorders and provides hope that a self-report surveys are available free of moderate range typical of psychological healthy, fulfilled, and productive life is charge at www.authentichappiness.org. interventions. Not known in most possible for all. Upon completion of a survey, individual cases is how these expanded therapies feedback is provided, which means fare in direct comparison to business- Christopher Peterson clients can be directed to the site and as-usual treatments for anxiety or University of Michigan asked to keep a record of their scores. depression. The boundary conditions of Ann Arbor, MI, USA effective therapies informed by positive Nansook Park Positive psychologists have psychology are completely unknown. University of Rhode Island demonstrated that brief interventions in Kingston, RI, USA the short term boost happiness, “attention to both satisfaction, and fulfillment. From Biography rigorous studies using randomisation strengths and weaknesses Dr. Peterson is Professor of Psychology and a placebo control, there is evidence and Organizational Studies at the that positive psychology based is critical... no useful University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, USA. interventions increase well-being as well as alleviate depression (Seligman, Steen, purpose is served by He is the research director of the Values in Park, and Peterson, 2005). For example, Action (VIA) Project and has created a clients can be asked to count their regarding them as classification of human strengths and virtues and strategies for assessing them. blessings or to use their character strengths in novel ways. mutually exclusive” In 2003 Dr Peterson was named by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) as Beginning to appear are so-called Many positive psychologists would like among the world’s 100 most widely-cited to believe that a strengths-based positive therapies: interventions linked psychologists over the past twenty years. to positive psychology. What approach to change is superior to one distinguishes these therapies from that focuses on the remediation of He is well-known for his pioneering business-as-usual treatments is their deficiencies, but this hypothesis has yet studies on optimism and health; is an stated goal is not symptom reduction to be put to serious test. Our even- author of more than 300 scholarly or relief but rather enhanced happiness, handed suspicion is that attention to publications including a recent book A life satisfaction fulfillment, productivity, both strengths and weaknesses is Primer in Positive Psychology (2006) and is a and the like – one or more critical and that no useful purpose is recipient of the Rackham Distinguished components of positive psychology’s served by regarding these as mutually Faculty Achievement Award at University vision of the good life. These therapies exclusive therapeutic goals. of Michigan. target people with psychological problems as well as those without. In the past, some of us thought that Dr. Park is Associate Professor of positive psychology interventions were Psychology at University of Rhode Island, In our opinion, the term ‘positive inherently light-handed, meaning that USA. She did her graduate work both in therapy’ is misleading if it implies that they are met with little resistance and Korea and the USA. Dr. Park took the these approaches are wholly new. All that they are self-sustaining. Why would lead in developing ways to assess character positive therapies are derived from someone not want to be happier and strengths for children and youth. She has well-established conventional more fulfilled, especially given the over 70 publications. approaches, usually from the cognitive- additional – presumably rewarding – behavioral arena. What is novel about benefits of so being? Her main interest is the promotion of them are their expanded goals and their positive development and well-being across Our current thinking is that positive deliberate incorporation of positive life span in different culture settings and interventions can challenge both the psychology interventions to achieve strength-based practice at school, work client and the therapist. People do not these goals. Perhaps it is better to and mental health services. describe these approaches more always do the right or good or happy precisely as therapies informed by thing, even when they know perfectly References positive psychology. well what is to be done. So why do we live as we do? This question is among Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive the most crucial for positive psychology. New York:Oxford University Therapies informed by positive Press. psychology take issue with assumptions psychologists to answer, especially as we of the medical model that people in develop and deploy interventions. The Seligman, M. E. P.(2002). Authentic happiness. treatment are ill and that their not-so-good life has considerable New York:Free Press. problems are best described as discrete inertia. Seligman, M. E. P., Steen,T.A., Park, N., and (present-or-absent) entities à la DSM. Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology According to positive psychology, In conclusion, positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of people’s weaknesses and strengths exist provides a valuable perspective on the interventions. American Psychologist, 60, in degrees. human condition as well as strategies 410–421.

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the psychotherapist feature: positive psychology Psychotherapy as strength-spotting P. Alex Linley

undoing dysfunction and enabling more unpublished) research, I have been able optimal functioning, helping clients to to demonstrate that people achieve identify and use their strengths more their goals more effectively when they would seem to be indicated. are using their strengths. While, of course, these are still early days, the In a study with 214 university students, emerging evidence suggests that Reena Govindji and I were interested in strengths may well have a place to take the question of whether strengths use in the therapy room. was associated with greater levels of well-being, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. “the emerging evidence We found that it was: people who used their strengths more reported higher suggests that strengths P. Alex Linley levels of self-esteem, self-efficacy, subjective well-being, psychological well- may well have a place in Is psychotherapy a place where you being, and vitality. Further, they would go to talk about your strengths? reported higher levels of organismic the therapy room” And yet, with positive psychology valuing, the Rogerian concept of being in touch with one’s inner nature and This being so, how might applied to psychotherapy, the focus on psychotherapists go about spotting strengths in psychotherapy is growing organismic valuing process (see Joseph and Linley, 2006). strengths in their clients? What are the rapidly as a therapeutic approach. telltale signs of a strength? Over the These are early days, but we may be When we statistically controlled for last number of years, a lot of my time taking bold and important steps has been spent ‘strength-spotting’, as I towards realising the aspiration that self-esteem and self-efficacy, strengths use was still a significant predictor of describe in my latest book, Average to psychotherapy is a place where you go A+: Realising Strengths in Yourself and to talk about your strengths. psychological well-being and subjective well-being, indicating that the effect of Others (CAPP Press, 2008). This being so, what might using one’s strengths on well-being went over and above existing levels of self- Strength-spotting is about looking for psychotherapists need to know about the telltale signs of a strength in strengths, how might they go about esteem and self-efficacy. This is good news for psychotherapists, since it someone. These telltale signs are not spotting strengths in the therapeutic necessarily always found together, at session, and what can they do with suggests that whatever a client’s current level of self-esteem and self-efficacy, least at any given moment in time. those strengths once they have been Over time, however, it is likely that spotted? And, perhaps most important strengths use is likely to lead to increased levels of well-being. patterns will emerge. Thus, throughout of all, is there any evidence that it is the course of a series of psychotherapy worth them doing this in the first place? sessions with a client, as therapists we “whatever a client’s have ample opportunities to become As I have defined,“a strength is a pre- current level of self- strength-spotters. As I have described existing capacity for a particular way of elsewhere (Linley, 2008, pp. 74-75), these behaving, thinking, or feeling that is esteem and self-efficacy, telltale signs of a strength include the authentic and energising to the user, and following: enables optimal functioning, strengths use is likely to development and performance” (Linley, a real sense of energy and 2008, p. 9). Simply put, strengths are lead to increased levels of engagement when using the natural propensities that each of us have strength; (I argue that they are evolved well-being” adaptations), and when we are using losing a sense of time because you our strengths, we are feeling in touch Further, in a study of positive are so engrossed and engaged in the with our ‘true selves’ and that we are psychotherapy with a clinically activity; depressed population, Seligman, Rashid, doing the things that are right for us to very rapidly learning new do and from which we derive a sense of and Parks (2006) found that identifying one’s signature strengths and finding information, activities, or approaches energy as a result. When these two associated with the strength; coincide, as they do in strengths use, ways to use them more led to clinically optimal functioning is enabled. Given significant and sustained decreases in that psychotherapy is often focused on depression. And in my own (as yet

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a repeated pattern of successful Esteem builders have the potential to Through spotting, enabling and performance when using the be wonderful psychotherapists – but developing clients’ strengths, strength; let’s be clear that there are also many psychotherapists have another powerful other strengths – for example, empathic approach in their repertoire to help exemplary levels of performance listening, enabler, nurturer, talent-spotter them to help their clients improve their when using the strength, especially – that would make for great functioning and achieve their life goals. It performance that evokes the psychotherapists too, and I focus on is for these reasons that one of the many respect and admiration of others; esteem builder merely as an example to contributions of positive psychology to always seeming to get the tasks illustrate my point. Whatever your psychotherapy could be through re- done that require using the strength; strengths as a psychotherapist, spotting envisioning psychotherapy as strength- strengths in your clients provides a spotting. In time, psychotherapy may prioritising tasks that require using powerful and empowering means of really become somewhere that you go the strength over tasks that do not helping them to climb back onto the to talk about your strengths. feeling a yearning to use the ladder of optimal human functioning. strength, while also feeling drained if Alex Linley As well as watching out for the telltale Centre for Applied Positive Psychology you have not had the opportunity to signs of a strength as I described above, www.cappeu.org use it for a time; there are also tips and techniques that being irrevocably drawn to do things you can employ to shift the therapeutic Biography that play to the strength – even dialogue to have more of a strengths Alex Linley is a psychologist and social entrepreneur. Alex founded the Centre when you feel tired, stressed, or focus. Here are some of the questions for Applied Positive Psychology disengaged. that we have used to elicit strengths with people in challenging life (CAPP), where he is now Director. circumstances: CAPP is a social business, registered as Of course, depending on the nature of a not-for-profit company limited by What are you good at? the strengths that we ourselves may guarantee, and is focused on the have as psychotherapists, strength- What do you enjoy doing? applications of strengths in organisations spotting may come more or less and schools. www.cappeu.org naturally to us. For example, one of the Tell me about the best experience 100+ strengths we have identified in you have had. Alex holds the position of Visiting our work is that of Esteem Builder. What do you admire about other Professor in Psychology at the people? Do you see any of that in University of Leicester, and has “one of the 100+ yourself? delivered keynote presentations on strengths and positive psychology strengths we have When do you think you have been worldwide. at your best? What enabled that to identified in our work is happen? He has written, co-written, or edited that of Esteem Builder” What are your aspirations for the four books, more than 80 research future? What can you do to make papers, and book chapters. His latest them happen? book is Average to A+: Realising If you are an esteem builder, once you Strengths in Yourself and Others have spotted a glimmer of positivity in CAPP Press, (2008). somebody, you won’t let it go. Instead, In each case, the therapist’s ear is attuned for any response that offers a it will be held up to the light, brought to References their attention, and explored and glimpse into another, more positive side developed with them until they cannot of the client than that which brought Govindj, R., and Linley, P.A. (2007). Strengths help but agree that there is something them into therapy in the first place. use, self-concordance and well-being: that they are good at, something that And further, while we know that Implications for strengths coaching and they have done well, some talent that negative mood primes negative coaching psychologists. they had somehow lost in the fog of memories, shifting our focus onto International Coaching Psychology Review,2 their life circumstances. And with this strengths and success helps engender (2), 143-153. more positive emotions, which in their realisation, they start to feel better Joseph, S., and Linley, P.A. (2006). about themselves. They start to sense own turn prime more positive Positive therapy: A meta-theory for positive that they do have something to offer memories and more positive aspirations psychological practice. London: Routledge. the world. Suddenly, life is not as bad; for the future. buds of hope and optimism for the Linley,A. (2008). Average to A+: Realising future start to sprout. And when the “Through spotting... strengths in yourself and others. Coventry, client has achieved something of which UK: CAPP Press. they didn’t at first believe themselves psychotherapists Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid,T., and Parks,A. C. capable, the esteem builder’s have another (2007). Positive psychotherapy. American catchphrase comes back loud and clear Psychologist, 61, 774-788. in validation to them: “I knew you had powerful approach it in you.” in their repertoire”

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the psychotherapist feature: positive psychology Through the lenses of time: in search of balance and well-being Ilona Boniwell

Time Perspective essentially a biological creature, The subjective conception of focusing determined by stimuli, situational on the temporal categories of past, emotions, spontaneity, oriented towards present or future when making sensation and pleasure seeking. decisions and taking action is one’s time perspective (TP). Put simply,TP is the The present-fatalistic TP,on the other type of spectacles one puts on when hand, is associated with hopelessness looking at the world around and and immutable beliefs that outside themselves in it. The TP construct has forces control one’s life. been found to be related to many attitudes and values, including A person with future TP is concerned educational achievement, health, sleep with working for future goals and and dreaming patterns, romantic rewards. Future-oriented people are partner choices, risk taking, delinquency, very good at saying “no” to sexual behaviours, as well as alcohol and temptations; they floss their teeth more Ilona Boniwell drug abuse and using time during often, eat healthy foods, and get medical Time is an important issue for periods of homelessness (Zimbardo, check-ups. Because they work hard, most of us, especially in the West. Keough, and Boyd, 1997; Keough, they also tend to be more successful We save it, spend it, waste it, we Zimbardo, and Boyd, 1999; Epel, than others. Saying that, they are also never have enough of it. The Bandura, and Zimbardo, 1999). very good at being workaholics, forgetting about their families, not concept of ‘time famine’ has The Zimbardo Time Perspective taking time for themselves or hobbies become a familiar slogan in both Inventory (ZTPI) is a single, integrated (Boniwell and Zimbardo, 2004). academic literature and popular scale for measuring TP with suitable media. 34% of people feel rushed all psychometric properties. Five main Focusing predominantly on the future the time, with 61% never having any factors underlie ZTPI – past-negative, may bring success, or reminiscing may excess time and 40% saying that time is past-positive, present-hedonistic, increase one’s happiness, yet if any TP a bigger problem for them than money present-fatalistic and future factors. starts dominating to the extent that it (Robinson and Godbey, 1997). These were derived from the series of excludes or minimises the others, it exploratory studies and have been becomes dysfunctional. Here is where continuously empirically refined the ideal of a balanced time perspective “34% of people feel (Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999). comes into play. People with a balanced time perspective can adopt a temporal rushed all the time, 61% Past TP is associated with focus on perspective appropriate to the situation family, tradition and history. This can be they find themselves in. never having any excess either negative or positive. The past- negative TP is associated with focusing “people with the time and 40% saying that on personal experiences that were time is a bigger problem aversive or noxious, while the past- balanced (time positive TP reflects a warm, pleasurable, than money” often sentimental and nostalgic view of perspective) are likely to one’s past with emphasis on maintaining Not that we are working more: relationships with family and friends. be happier than the rest.” research demonstrates that our This type of TP is associated with a working hours have gone down since higher life satisfaction and positive There are early indications that people the 1960s (Pentland et al, 1999), but we affect. with the balanced TP are likely to be tend to cram so many activities into an happier than the rest. A recent study by hour, that we are often left feeling The present-hedonistic TP relates to Boniwell, Osin and Linley (in preparation) exhausted, completely out of balance the enjoyment of momentary activities has operationalised balanced TP as scoring and unhappy. and little concern with consequences of in the top 50% on all three positive TPs, behaviour. This kind of person is and in the bottom 50% on the past

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negative and present fatalistic orientations. habitual temporal orientations; devising Her most notable book is Positive Good size relationships were observed strategies to develop underused Psychology in a Nutshell: A Balanced between the balanced TP and several temporal zones; finding the links and Introduction to the Science of Optimal measures of well-being, most of which connections between past and present Functioning (PWBC, 2006) were higher than the relationships found events and future aspirations in order for individual TP types. to develop continuity; questioning the References dominance of the future TP in Western Black, O. and Bailey, S. (2006). MindGym. Time Use societies and evaluating an impact that London:Time Warner Books. Another line of research that can shed this social belief has on individual lives Boniwell, I. (2005). Beyond time some light on the notions of balance (Boniwell, 2005). management: How the latest research on and satisfaction is the area of time use. time perspective and perceived time use can Although time-management A balanced use of time does not mean assist clients with time-related concerns. programmes are widespread and an equal allocation of time to work and International Journal of Evidence Based popular, the evaluation of them has leisure, it does not even necessarily Coaching and Mentoring, 3(2), 61-74. been limited and the outcomes of such mean investing more time into leisure. training is rarely examined (Claessens, The sense of balance is subjective and Boniwell, I., Osin,Y., and Linley P.A.(in 2004). Research that does exist varies greatly between people. For one preparation). Time perspective and well-being. demonstrates that, contrary to popular person, spending an hour a week on Boniwell, I., and Zimbardo, P.G. (2004). beliefs, time management training has their favourite hobby is sufficient, while Balancing time perspective in pursuit of very little effect on our time use and for another an hour a day is not optimal functioning. In P.A.Linley and S. performance (Macan, 1994). enough. What is important to Joseph (Eds.) Positive Psychology in Practice Participants tend to revert to their emphasise is finding some time for (pp.165-178). New Jersey: John Wiley and usual ways of organising time within oneself on a frequent if not daily basis, Sons. weeks of attending such training. as well being comfortable with work- Claessens, B.J.C. (2004). Perceived control of leisure boundaries. time:Time management and personal “contribute to feeling effectiveness at work. Unpublished PhD It might be difficult for clients to have a dissertation,Technisce Universiteit satisfied with our time sense of achievement, especially when Eindhoven, Netherlands. they are working on a long-term and, furthermore, to the Epel, E., Bandura,A., and Zimbardo, P.G. project. To compensate, it is advisable (1999). Escaping homelessness:The to complete something every day – it sense of well-being” influences of self-efficacy and time may be something very simple like perspective on coping with homelessness. Recent research into the psychology of tidying up a room, or doing homework Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 575- time use has identified a number of with a child. Feeling that time is slipping 596. factors that contribute to feeling through one’s fingers and time anxiety Keough, K.A., Zimbardo, P.G., and Boyd, J. N. satisfied with our time and, can be counteracted by developing (1999). Who’s smoking, drinking and using furthermore, to the sense of well-being. internal locus of control (e.g. through drugs? Time perspective as a predictor of These include:“liking what one does visualisation and other techniques). substance use. Basic and Applied Social and perceiving it as worthwhile; Psychology, 21, 149-164. subjective balance; responsibility and As discussed above, the dominant focus achievement; sense of on time management and its associate Pentland,W.E.,Harvey,A.S., Lawton, M.P.and control”(Boniwell, 2005). “Liking what behaviours may be misguided. Black McColl, M.A. (Eds) (1999). Time Use one does and/or perceiving it as and Bailey (2006) write:“What is worth Research in the Social Sciences, New York,NY: worthwhile” relies on intrinsic and seeking when it comes to time, is Kluwer Academic/Plenum. integrated types of motivation that are satisfaction. Or even better, time that Robinson, J.P.and Godbey, G. (1997) Time more conducive for goal achievement delights” (p.2). for life:The surprising ways Americans use their and perseverance (Ryan and Deci, time. State College:The Pennsylvania State 2000). Ilona Boniwell, Ph.D. University Press.

Biography Ryan, R.M., and Deci, E.L. (2000). Self- Implications for one-tto-oone work determination theory and the facilitation of Implicitly and explicitly, time is already Ilona Boniwell is a senior lecturer in positive psychology at the University of intrinsic motivation, and well-being. American an important factor in one-to-one Psychologist, 55, 68-78. talking practices. Some examples are East London, and is Programme Leader Zimbardo, P. G. and Boyd, J. N. (1999). potential differences in the subjective for the Masters Degree in Applied Putting time in perspective:A valid, reliable sense of time of the client and the Positive Psychology (MAPP) in Europe. individual- differences metric. Journal of therapist, as well as temporal processes Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271- at the points of encounter and ending. Recently, Ilona was a consultant for and 1288. In terms of practical applications, there appeared in the BBC2 series The are several ways in which the construct Happiness Formula. In addition to her Zimbardo, P.G., Keough, K.A., and Boyd, J. N. of TP can be consciously and usefully academic work, Ilona is also interested (1997). Present time perspective as a applied in the consulting room. These in practical applications of positive predictor of risky driving. Personality and include: raising awareness of psychology to education, business and Individual Differences, 23, 1007-1023. unproductive responses associated with one-to-one helping-by-talking practices.

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the psychotherapist feature: positive psychology Growth following adversity: a new paradigm for the study of post- traumatic stress and its treatment Stephen Joseph promises to have important applications The events for which post-traumatic for counsellors and psychotherapists, growth outcomes have been reported who when working with clients who include transportation accidents, have experienced stressful and (shipping disasters, plane crashes, car traumatic events need not only be accidents), natural disasters. (hurricanes, concerned with helping to alleviate earthquakes), interpersonal experiences, distress but also to facilitate more (combat, rape, sexual assault, child positive functioning. The aim of this abuse), medical problems, (cancer, heart article is to provide a brief overview of attack, brain injury, spinal cord injury, development sin this new field of study. HIV / AIDS, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, illness) and Post-ttraumatic growth more normative life experiences, Post-traumatic growth refers to the (relationship breakdown, parental constellation of positive changes that divorce, bereavement, immigration). people may experience following exposure to psychological trauma, and Further, vicarious experiences of post- Stephen Joseph consists of three broad dimensions. traumatic growth have been shown in a The positive psychology of post- First, people may report that their variety of populations not directly suffering themselves, but exposed to the traumatic stress relationships are enhanced in some way, suffering of others, including Since the introduction of the diagnostic for example that they now value their counsellors, therapists, clinical criteria for post-traumatic stress friends and family more, and feel an psychologists, funeral directors, disaster disorder (PTSD) in 1980 in the increased compassion and altruism workers, spouses and parents of people Diagnostic and Statistical Manual toward others. Second, survivors may with cancer (see, Linley and Joseph, (American Psychiatric Association, develop improved views of themselves 2004; Joseph and Linley, 2008). 1980), and through subsequent revisions in some way. For example, they may to the criteria in 1987 and 1994 report having a greater sense of (Joseph,Williams, and Yule, 1997), PTSD personal resiliency and strength, which Theory and practice has become a major focus for research. may be coupled with a greater In the social cognitive theory my In recent years, however, an alternative acceptance of their vulnerabilities and colleague Alex Linley and I developed paradigm has begun to emerge for limitations. (Joseph and Linley, 2005), we attempted understanding how people respond to to integrate what is known about post- trauma. The most widely used term for Third, survivors may report positive traumatic stress with what is known this new field of study is post-traumatic changes in life philosophy, such as finding about post-traumatic growth. growth. a fresh appreciation for each new day, or renegotiating what really matters to Traumatic events have a shattering “…need not only be them in the full realisation that their life effect on people’s assumptions about is finite (Tedeschi and Calhoun,2004). themselves and the world, resulting in concerned with helping Post-traumatic growth is the most the so called symptoms of PTSD, which widely used label for describing such are indicative of the need for emotional to alleviate distress but adaptations to traumatic stressors, but processing of the new trauma-related other terms are also used including information. What we suggested is that also to facilitate more stress-related growth, adversarial people are intrinsically motivated to positive functioning” growth, positive adaptation, positive emotionally process the new trauma- changes, positive by-products, benefit related information in such a way as to Research in positive psychology is now finding, perceived benefits, thriving, lead to cognitive accommodation. beginning to focus on its applications flourishing, and growth following and the study of benefit finding adversity.

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Recognising how the social environment Williams, and Yule, 1993). Using such He has published over 100 articles and is shapes the direction of processing led measures in a pilot study of group co-editor of Trauma, Recovery, and Growth us to distinguish between the two ways therapy for survivors, it was found that (Wiley, 2008). in which people can cognitively those who experienced the groups as accommodate the new trauma-related empathic, positively regarding and References information, so that changes people genuine, reported an increase in positive Affleck, G.,Tennen,H., Croog, S., and report may be positive or negative. For changes and a decrease in negative Levine, S. (1987). Causal attribution, example, threats to sense of safety in changes (Payne et al, 2007). perceived benefits, and morbidity after a the world can be accommodated in a heart attack:An 8-year study. Journal of way that is considered positive, e.g. Experimental studies to test whether consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 29-35. learning to live more in the present and the principles of growth might Calhoun, L. G., and Tedeschi,R. G. (1999). value the moment, or negatively, e.g. somehow be introduced as part of a Facilitating post-traumatic growth: A clinician’s becoming more anxious and fearful of clinical intervention are encouraging. guide. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. danger. Successful emotional processing For example, Stanton et al (2002) of trauma ultimately requires the randomly assigned breast cancer Joseph, S., and Linley, P.A. (2005). Positive rebuilding of an assumptive world which patients to one of two groups, either to adjustment to threatening events:An is consistent with the new trauma- write about the facts of the cancer organismic valuing theory of growth related information. experience or to write about their through adversity. Review of General positive thoughts and feelings regarding Psychology, 9, 262 – 280. Research into the clinical facilitation of the experience. It was found that those Joseph, S., and Linley, P.A. (Eds.). (2008). positive change among survivors of a assigned to write about positive Trauma, recovery and growth: Positive variety of events is beginning to flourish, experiences had significantly fewer psychological perspectives on post-traumatic with reports of interventions with war medical appointments for cancer-related stress. Hoboken, NJ:Wiley. veterans, cancer patients, survivors of morbidities three months later. Thus, Joseph, S.,Williams, R., and Yule,W. (1997). sexual abuse, and terrorism, for we are beginning to unravel the ways in Post-traumatic stress: Psychosocial perspectives example, reporting positive results (see which growth may be facilitated. on PTSD and treatment. Chichester,Wiley. Joseph and Linley, 2008). Joseph, S.,Williams, R., and Yule,W. (1993). Therapists should be aware of the Changes in outlook following disaster: the Although I would argue that the potential for positive change in their preliminary development of a measure to facilitation of growth is an important clients following adversity. But, assess positive and negative responses. goal in its own right, the clinical importantly, we need to be careful not Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 271-279. implications of growth is illustrated in to inadvertently imply that there is the seminal study by Affleck et al anything inherently positive in trauma. Linley, P.A., and Joseph, S. (2004). Positive (1987), who found that perceived In discussing the clinical implications, change following trauma and adversity: A benefits at seven weeks following a Tedeschi and Calhoun (2004) make it review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 11-21. heart attack significantly predicted less clear that personal growth after trauma Linley, P.A., Joseph, S., and Goodfellow, B. heart attack recurrence and lower should be viewed as originating not (in press). Positive Changes in Outlook general health morbidity at an eight- from the event, but from within the following Trauma and Their Relationship to year follow up. In a more recent study, person themselves through the process Subsequent Post-traumatic Stress, reports of positive change were able to of their struggle with the event and its Depression and Anxiety. Journal of Social predict lower levels of depression, aftermath. and Clinical Psychology anxiety, and post-traumatic stress six Payne,A., and Liebling-Kalifani, H., and months later (Linley, Joseph, and People cannot go back in time to undo Joseph, S. (2007). Client-centred group Goodfellow, in press). what has happened to them, and we therapy for survivors of interpersonal cannot dismiss the pain and suffering trauma:A pilot investigation. Counselling “We need to establish experienced, but we can help our and Psychotherapy Research, 7, 100-105. clients to live more meaningfully despite Stanton,A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Sworowski, the evidence base for their experiences. L.A., Collins, C.A., Branstetter,A., therapeutic methods that Stephen Joseph Rodriguez-Hanley,A., Kirk, S. B., and Centre for Trauma, Resilience, and Growth, Austenfeld, J.A. (2002). Randomized are able to facilitate University of Nottingham, UK controlled trial of written emotional expression and benefit finding in breast growth” Biography cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 4160-4168. We now need to establish the evidence Stephen Joseph is Professor of base for therapeutic methods that are Psychology, Health and Social Care at the Tedeschi,R. G., and Calhoun, L. G. (1996). able to facilitate growth. Several University of Nottingham where he is Co- The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory: psychometric instruments have been Director of the Centre for Trauma, Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. developed with which we can assess Resilience, and Growth and an Honorary Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471. pre and post scores. Two such Consultant Psychologist in Tedeschi,R. G., and Calhoun, L. G. (2004).A instruments are the Post-traumatic Nottinghamshire NHS Healthcare Trust. clinical approach to post-traumatic growth. Growth Inventory (Tedeschi and He is also a senior practitioner of the In P.A. Linley and S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive Calhoun, 1996) and the Changes in British Psychological Society Register of psychology in practice (pp. 405-419). Outlook Questionnaire (Joseph, Psychologists specialising in Psychotherapy. Hoboken, NJ:Wiley.

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William James: Psychological Energy and Optimal Human Functioning James O. Pawelski

He was fascinated by optimal human A second important Jamesian principle functioning and by the various means of this new science would have to follow is achieving it. He called for the founding to recognize human beings as agents. of a new branch of psychology that We are not just observers of our would study human strength and how experience. We also influence that to cultivate it. He emphasized that this experience in powerful ways, and we would need to be a rigorous, empirical, can be more or less skillful at exerting scientific study of real human this influence. For James, the key to experience, and he noted the ethical, human agency is free will, which he educational, and economic benefits such defines as the effort of attention. Wise a study could yield (James, 1907/1982; control of our attention results in wise Rathunde, 2001). habits, making its positive effects automatic (James, 1890/1981). If we look to the books and essays James O. Pawelski James had already published, we can “people find deep identify a number of important In December of 1906, the principles such a science would need to meaning and joy in American Philosophical follow. First, this new science would Association gathered on the have to value individual human different ways… There campus of Columbia University in experience. For James, each of us has will be no ‘one-size-fits-all’ New York City for its annual the right – and even the duty – to take meeting. Its president that year our own experience seriously (James, formula” 1902/1985). It is easy to get caught up was William James. At 64 years of in ideologies and abstractions and allow A third important Jamesian principle is age, James had accomplished much in others to define who we are. James that, given individual differences, we his illustrious academic career. He had argued that we also have the moral must pay attention to fit. In the been a professor at Harvard University obligation to respect the experiences of religious realm, for example, James for nearly 35 years, teaching courses in others. Because we do not have direct argues that the existence of a variety of physiology, psychology, and philosophy. access to another’s internal experience, religions is a good thing, because we can be quite blind to it – different religions appeal to different One of the founders of the field of particularly if that experience differs human temperaments (James, psychology, he had recently served as significantly from our own (James, 1902/1985). More broadly, James president of the American Psychological 1897/1983). observes that people find deep meaning Association. Earlier in his career, he had and joy in different ways (James, authored a major work in two volumes “each of us has the right 1897/1983). There will be no ‘one-size- – a work which, in its abridged form, fits-all’ formula for unlocking the served as the standard text for – and even the duty – to psychological energies of human beings. psychology classes in the United States There must be a variety of approaches, for almost half a century. take our own experience and we must study which approaches work best for which temperaments For all his accomplishments, though, seriously” (James, 1907/1982). James had had his share of personal struggles. His family was gifted, (one of So, for James, a science of optimal human experience would need to be Almost one hundred years after James’s his brothers was the novelist Henry presidential address to the American James), but quite troubled. James’s rigorously empirical. It would need to study the actual experiences of real Philosophical Association calling for a father was intolerably overbearing, and new branch of psychology to study James suffered from neurasthenia and human beings to determine what unlocks psychological energies and human powers, Martin Seligman gave a depression. This, in fact, was the topic presidential address to the American of the presidential address James strengths in different people (James, 1907/1982). Psychological Association, announcing a delivered to the American Philosophical new branch of psychology focused on Association, an address he titled, The Energies of Men.

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studying what is right with human More broadly, Sonja Lyubomirsky These are questions that neither William beings and how to cultivate it (Seligman, emphasizes the importance of fit in her James nor positive psychology 1999). This new branch of psychology, excellent new book The How of researchers have yet been able to which Seligman called positive Happiness (Lyubomirsky, 2007). In this resolve. Perhaps psychotherapists will psychology, has not only provided a book, Lyubomirsky describes at length help us find our way toward the answers. powerful answer to James’s call, but has 12 different positive interventions that also followed the Jamesian principles for have been carefully studied and shown James O. Pawelski, Ph.D such a science. to be effective for raising levels of enduring happiness. But she does not Biography Positive psychology takes seriously simply encourage readers to put all 12 James Pawelski is Director of individual human experience. Its studies interventions into practice. Rather, Education and Senior Scholar in the involve hundreds and thousands of understanding the importance of fit, she Positive Psychology Center at the participants, asking them directly about provides the Person-Activity Fit University of Pennsylvania where he their individual experience. Positive Diagnostic so that readers can directs the Master of Applied Positive psychology is careful not to make determine which of the interventions Psychology (MAPP) Program and is a assumptions about what people might work best for them. In this way, Special Advisor to the Positive experience and value, and seeks to they can be most efficient in investing Psychology Steering Committee. identify the correlates and causes of their volitional efforts. human flourishing by using the most He is one of the principal faculty in the rigorous empirical methods available. It is not just researchers, of course, who MAPP program, (teaching courses on take seriously these three Jamesian positive interventions), a key figure in Positive psychology also takes human principles. Practitioners, too, are careful the application of positive psychology agency seriously. Arguing that as much as to follow them. Psychotherapists who and philosophy to life coaching, and a 40% of our enduring happiness is a put positive psychology into practice sought-after international lecturer and function of our volitional decisions, take seriously the experience of their workshop leader. positive psychologists are acutely patients, encourage them to exercise interested in finding out how we can their volitional powers, and look for His latest book is The Dynamic make those decisions most wisely approaches that will be a particularly Individualism of William James, in which (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, & Schkade, 2005). good fit for them. he presents a new interpretation and Studies of attention, positive affect, self- application of the work of this seminal efficacy, self-regulation, motivation, goal- “Positive psychology philosopher and psychologist. setting, meditation, and exercise are a few of the ways positive psychologists seek to seeks to expand our References determine the best methods for focusing Fava,G.A.,Ruini,C.,Rafanelli,C.,Finos,L.,Salmaso,L.,Mangelli,L., volitional energies. Positive interventions resources for helping & Sirigatti,S.(2005). Well-being therapy of generalized anxiety are active interventions. They require disorder.Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74,26-30. our active participation and effort. No people strengthen what is one else can do the work for us. James,W.(1890/1981). Principles of psychology. Cambridge: best in them” Harvard University Press. “we may be better off I would like to close with a challenging James,W.(1897/1983). On a certain blindness in human beings. question regarding the practice of In Talks to teachers on psychology and to students on some of life’s working, not just on positive psychology: What is the proper ideals (pp.132-149). Cambridge:Harvard University Press. human strengths in role of positive psychology in James,W.(1902/1985). The varieties of religious experience. psychotherapy? Psychotherapy involves Cambridge:Harvard University Press. general, but on those we both healing and strengthening James,W.(1907/1982). The energies of men. In F.H.Burkhardt processes. While these processes are (Ed.), Essays in religion and morality (pp.129-146). Cambridge: ourselves are especially related, they are not identical. Positive Harvard University Press. psychology seeks to expand our Lyubomirsky,S.(2007). The How of Happiness. New York: good at” resources for helping people strengthen Penguin Press. what is best in them. How can these inally, positive psychologists understand new tools be used most effectively in Lyubomirsky,S.,Sheldon,K.M.,& Schkade,D.(2005). Pursuing the importance of fit. Martin Seligman psychotherapy? Should the more happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of hypothesizes that we may be better off traditional healing approaches be used General Psychology,9,111-131. working, not just on human strengths in first, clearing the way for the Rathunde,K.(2001). Positive psychology,James,Dewey,and general, but on those particular strengthening approaches? (Fava, et al., Maslow. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 41,135-153. strengths that we ourselves are 2005) Should strengthening approaches Seligman,M.E.P.(1999). The president’s address. American especially good at – what he calls our be used to help bring about healing in Psychologist,54,559-562. ‘signature strengths’ (Seligman, 2002). the first place? (Seligman, Rashid, & Peterson and Seligman’s VIA Signature Seligman,M.E.P.,(2002). Authentic Happiness. New York:Free Parks, 2006) Or should healing and Press. Strengths Questionnaire – designed to strengthening approaches be integrated help people identify their top five in some new way? Seligman,M.E.P.,Rashid,T.,& Parks,A.(2006).Positive signature strengths – can help us do psychotherapy. American Psychologist,61,774-788. just that (and is available free of charge at www.authentichappiness.org).

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the psychotherapist feature: positive psychology Positive Psychotherapy (PPT) Tayyab Rashid

it is when the capacity for happiness, gratitude, compassion, contentment, growth, fulfilment and flourishing is modesty, emotional and social thwarted that psychopathology results. intelligence are delivered. PPT assumes that it is not an absolute sine quo non Second, positive emotions and strengths that only discussion of troubles builds a are as authentic and real as symptoms. strong therapeutic relationship and is These are not defences, Pollyanna-ish essential for cure. illusions, rose-tinted eye-glasses or the clinical by-products of symptom relief. The same therapeutic basics such as PPT regards positive emotions and warmth, unconditional positive regard, strengths of clients as authentic and empathic listening, gently and gradually values them in their own right. PPT drawing the clients’ attention to positive asks, if positive emotions and strengths emotions and strengths in their lives are are mere defences, then are Mother important. There is a natural tendency Theresa’s compassion for poor, Gandhi towards remembering the negative, and Martin Luther King Jr’s struggle for attending to the negative, and expecting civil rights, Eleanor Roosevelt’s altruism, the worst. Riding on this negative bias, Aung San Suu Kyi and Shareen Abadi’s if the therapist is an authority in eliciting political and social courage mere and interpreting negatives only, the Tayyab Rashid attempts to deal with anxiety, anger and strengths of clients will be likely to inferior complexes? Human strengths receive less attention and assume less Positive psychotherapy is positive are as old as time and as real as importance. A PPT therapist may ask psychology’s move to broaden the scope weaknesses, and should therefore “what strengths do you bring to deal of traditional psychotherapy. It rests on command equal attention in therapy. with your troubles?” the central hypothesis that in addition to targeting symptoms, the building of “Human strengths are PPT actively elicits positive emotions and positive emotions, strengths and meaning memories. It approaches transgressions are efficacious in treating as old as time and as well as acts of kindness; insults as well psychopathology. Positive emotions, as compliments, selfishness as well as strengths and meaning serve us best not as real as weaknesses” compassion and kindness; hubris as well when life is easy, but when life is difficult. as humility; disruptions as well as For a depressed client, having and using Thirdly, the portrayal of psychotherapy in harmony; hate as well as love; pain of such strengths as optimism, hope, zest popular films and on television has trauma as well as potential gains from it. and social intelligence become more socialized clients into believing that PPT purports that to create peaceful, urgent in bad times than in good times. therapy entails only talking about our fulfilling and flourishing selves, families troubles, the ventilation of the ‘inner and societies, we have to understand PPT is based on three basic child’, bottled up emotions and on both the causes of anger and aggression assumptions. First, psychopathology recovering our injured self-esteem. and the determinants of empathy, results when the inherent capacity for There is a natural negativity bias where kindness and love. PPT believes in growth, fulfilment and happiness is most clients come to therapy viewing discussing weaknesses and strengths blocked. Traditional psychotherapies themselves as deeply flawed, fragile and a equally and explicitly, where a strong assume that psychopathology results; victim of cruel environmental or genetic therapeutic relationship is established when symptoms leak from the causalities. It is a cathartic experience to where the therapist no longer remains unconscious, maladaptive behaviours are be able to talk about our troubles with an authority with expertise in diagnosing strengthened by conditioning or an empathic, warm and genuine the ills of their clients. Rather they environmental reinforcement, irrational therapist. The therapeutic relationship become a witness of client’s deepest and and faulty thinking effects behaviour and would be deeply undermined by our authentic psychological assets. feeling, or possibly when troubled failure to take into account the troubles relationship patterns yields resentment. and issues of our clients. “the therapist no longer PPT, however, assumes that a client has good and bad states and traits, which PPT assumes that therapy is not a place remains an authority … influence each other and the culture where only resentment, frustration, and environment in which clients live. jealousy, anxiety and competition are diagnosing the ills of their Clients have an inherent capacity for discussed and treated but also a venue happiness despite any genetic influences, where active doses of hope, optimism, clients”

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PPT conducted in randomised clinical deep satisfaction. The therapist in PPT is trials (Seligman, Rashid, Parks, 2006; therefore encouraged to refrain from Books for review: Seligman et al., 2005) followed adopting a ‘one size fits all’ approach as it Four authors of feature articles in happiness exercises devised from may not work with all clients. Additionally, this edition of The Psychotherapist Seligman’s three-tiered theory of the structure and sequence of exercises is have offered copies of their books happiness (Seligman, 2002). According kept flexible to accommodate and adapt for review. to this theory ‘authentic happiness’ is to the uniqueness of each client. tiered into scientifically manageable If you would like to write a review lives; the pleasant life, the engaged life Another daunting task for the PPT for one of these books please and the meaningful life. These exercises therapist is to ensure that what is contact [email protected] are described in the PPT Manual purported as ‘positive’ is not perceived by 020 7014 9965. (The deadline for the (Rashid & Seligman, in press). clients as prescriptive. Medical research reviews will be 3rd November). shows that eating vegetables and A typical individual PPT follows a 12-14 exercising is ‘good’ for us, PPT in the same Positive Psychology books for review session protocol and includes exercises way is presented with a clear explanation Autogenic Therapy by Jane Bird and such as a positive introduction, of the documented benefits of positive Christine Pinch (2003) Newleaf identification and building of signature emotions, strengths and meaning. strengths, good versus bad memories, "This book describes the techniques forgiveness letter, gratitude visits, three Perhaps most importantly, negatives are of AT and explains the role of the nightly blessings, satisficing plan, three never dismissed nor artificially replaced therapist and the trainee. It is not a doors that closed and three doors that by rather shallow positives in PPT. teach-yourself manual but an opened, active-constructive responding, Instead, when clients bring them, they are introduction to the theories and family trees of strengths, savouring empathetically attended to and alleviated techniques, and a supportive activity and gift of time. As an outcome by using time-proven traditional companion when learning AT and measure, the Positive Psychotherapy interventions. In time attention is drawn when using it later on." Inventory (PPTI) has been devised and to the positive emotions, strengths and validated to evaluate the effectiveness of meaning to widen the perspective about Average to A+: Realising strengths in PPT (Rashid, 2005). negatives. Thus, PPT never competes yourself and others by Alex Linley with but complements traditional therapy. (2008) CAPP Press Intentional behavioural activities, such as signature strengths designed to create Tayyab Rashid, Ph.D. "Average to A+ presents the state of engagement and flow, are vital in PPT the art understanding of strengths, for long term growth and development. Biography including their evolutionary origins Intentional activities offer numerous Dr Rashid is Postdoctoral Fellow in and what this means for us in creative avenues for growth, flourishing Psychology at the University of modern times." and the pursuit of meaning. These Pennsylvania and a member of the behavioural activities are everyday, Positive Psychology Center. The Dynamic Individualism of William ordinary, normative, human experiences James by James O. Pawelski (2007) and do not require complicated and Dr. Rashid works closely with Dr. State University of New York Press expensive electronic and digital gadgets. Martin Seligman and leads clinical These are activities such as painting, science programs in Positive Psychology. "A central theme of James's writings, pottery, baking, reading, writing, His recent work is in Positive individualism underlies his basic views socializing, helping others, savouring Psychotherapy and has jointly co- on freedom, society, government, natural or artistic beauty, rock climbing authored a book with Martin Seligman, psychology, education, religion, etc. These are not mere ‘doings’, rather Positive Psychotherapy, which will be pragmatism and metaphysics - yet, they bring clients’ focus to the process published later this year. until now, no one has undertaken a rather than to the product itself. References careful study of this important aspect “How positive states and Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: of James's thought." Using the new Positive Psychology to realize your Positive Psychology in a Nutshell by Ilona traits interact within a potential for lasting fulfilment. N.Y: Free Press. Boniwell (2006) PWBC client may differ markedly” Seligman, M. E. P., Steen,T.A., Park, N. and Peterson, C. (2005). Positive Psychology "Discover the latest research findings Like any therapy, PPT is sensitive to and Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions. and thinking on the topics of appreciative of the complexities of human American Psychologist, 60, 410-421. happiness, flow, optimism, motivation beings. How positive states and traits Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid,T., and Parks,A. C. character strengths, love and more. interact within a client may differ markedly (2006). Positive Psychotherapy. American from one client to another. Clients may Psychologist, 61, 774-788. Other books available for review also differ in their motivational orientation Rashid,T., (2005). Positive Psychotherapy Inventory. A full list of the current books to change long-standing behavioural Unpublished manuscript. University of available for reciew, along with patterns. For example, an introvert client Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. reviewer's guidelines, can be found may readily engage in activities which do on the UKCP website: not require much socialisation yet provide Rashid,T., and Seligman, M. E. P. (in press) Positive www.ukcp.org.uk Psychotherapy:A treatment manual. N.Y: Oxford.

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the psychotherapist feature: positive psychology Autogenic Therapy and Positive Psychology Jane Bird

empowering, brief in methodology and We know the body heals itself, or we lasting in effect. AT is a valid and effective would never recover from ’flu; and way of helping people help themselves to thousands of fractured femurs would reach a plateau of positive maintenance need multiple steel pins to keep their of their emotional well-being. Many owners upright. But this fanciful image psychological symptoms may be reduced carries a very important and encouraging or eliminated: anxiety and panic, sleep message. Recovery in both the above disorder, unresolved grief. examples could take place only in the right environment, and in both these, rest Greene (2004) quoted the following from was the natural agent. Bad influenza Professor Heinrich Wallnöfer: decrees bed rest for several days; a “A very important effect of deep broken bone is immobilised in a plaster autogenic relaxation is that, not only does cast for several weeks. Why should not it make one feel well, but it also leads to the psyche use these principles of rest psychological recovery with the periods to bring about its own healing? strengthening of the ego.” And in addition, keep itself in a state of optimum emotional and physical well- An Italian study (Farné, 2000) found that being? Can positive psychology be used AT “may induce psychotherapeutic in preventative terms? personality changes”, and “the results indicate a significant decrease in Schultz’s pioneering subjects using AT Jane Bird emotional distress signs and significant reported many interesting phenomena, increase in the traits attenuating the often attached to memory concerning “Only he who lets himself stress response”. Somehow a change in physical pain (illness or accident) or attitude and outlook is enough to keep psychological / emotional turmoil during be, can be himself” mind, and consequently body, in optimum their autogenic practice. These were Dr Johannes Schultz; from good health. later termed the autogenic discharge as Professor Wallnöfer, 2000 Schultz recognised their importance in an Origins of AT unfolding autogenic process (Luthe & Autogenic Therapy (AT) is a self- Dr Johannes Schultz, a German neuro- Schultz 1969). Crucial to this is the attitude of the therapist, who develops a applied mind-body method affecting psychiatrist influenced by Forel and Brodmann, worked alongside Oscar Vogt standing-back approach, acknowledging, the mind-body system. It is allied to encouraging and facilitating the client’s meditative techniques, but its observing the subjective reports of people undergoing hypnosis; or who process. The client will do their own components are based on profound described the physical feelings of sleep analysis – taking responsibility for relaxation which is taught in a structured onset: both these scenarios dependent themselves through this (self-generated / format, and therefore easily learned. on relaxation. autogenic) feedback. Autogenic ‘exercises’ imply a direct involvement of left-brain activity at the From this Schultz developed AT in the “The key is to be start, which soon develops to an early years of the 20th century, creating automatic ability to ‘switch off’ the stress mental exercises centred on sensations unconcerned with results, response (fight-flight-freeze) for a few of heaviness in the limbs (affecting the and this is akin to many minutes at a time. musculoskeletal system); warmth in limbs and abdomen (circulatory system); meditative techniques” The word ‘autogenic’ means ‘self- slowed breathing and regulation of generating’, and describes the basic heartbeat; cool forehead. The key is to be unconcerned with premise of the method: self-care, self- results, and this is akin to many healing – perhaps summed up as These concepts were organised into meditative techniques. However, the ‘rebalancing’ according to individual need. specific phrases which are silently recognition and expectation that an repeated in mantra-style. As the physical infinite homeostatic process is underway, AT holds up to the premise of ‘positive body sits or lies in a symmetrical yet and that the client alone holds the key to psychology’ as defined by Seligman supported posture, and the mind adopts it, may well be unique in therapeutic ‘… that positive health and well-being is a state of passive concentration, the terms. The words ‘infinite homeostatic’ more than the absence of disorder’ scene is set for autogenic practice. are used advisedly, as the human (Huppert, 2005). It is client-centred, self- condition is one of constant instability.

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The client learns and accepts the reality method is rarely used. Luthe introduced client, giving courage, hope, confidence or that maybe this instability is the only new methods of encouraging good any other positive outlook chosen by constant in life. From there the paradox quality management of emotional health. them. However, its effectiveness is makes itself felt: it is possible to let go of No longer perceiving such emotions as determined by the ability of the client to the notion of seeking happiness, and anger, anxiety or grief as ‘negative’ enter the autogenic state and the thereby be open to receiving it when it (Huppert 2005, p. 3) clients can use the regularity of doing so. arrives. ‘intentional off-loading exercises’ to complement the autogenic process. This In conclusion, autogenic therapy could be “25-30% of general helps acceptance and safe expression of described as a good habit. A client told anger (the anger spectrum covers many me only this week:“ AT is a good friend medical patients have variables from mild irritation, through which will never let me down.” frustration / jealousy, to fury and coexisting depressive, outrage); sadness (using I believe a unique The British Autogenic Society (formed exercise of the crying mechanism) and 1984): www.autogenic-therapy.org.uk anxiety or psychosomatic anxiety. disorders” Jane Bird SRN; Dip AP Most clients who have completed an AT UKCP Registrant Dr Ann Bowden, Clinical Director of course never look back (and drop-out Hon Fellow/Tutor British Autogenic Autogenic Training at the Royal London rates are very low indeed). By Society Homeopathic Hospital writes in the completing the ‘hospital anxiety and conclusion of her report on introducing depression scale’ at various times, clients Biography AT into a Primary Care Group: have found consistent reduction in Jane Bird is a founder member of the anxiety scores. British Autogenic Society and has been “25-30% of general medical patients have on the Executive Committee for many coexisting depressive, anxiety or Some clients have experienced various years. psychosomatic disorders and it is psychological interventions before becoming increasingly clear that medical learning AT: CBT,counselling, Jane trained as an autogenic therapist care can be improved by paying more psychotherapy, with mixed success rates. with the late Dr Wolfgang Luthe (a attention to psychological aspects of Those already undergoing psychotherapy leading researcher of AT) and is in private assessment and treatment. when starting to use autogenic methods practice. She has taught AT in various find their psychotherapy process either complementary health centres and in … For some, AT produced the first small greatly enhanced or made redundant. industry. She continues to be closely step of change …(patients) were able to involved in the therapist training course take back responsibility for symptoms In addition to the standard autogenic and co-authored Autogenic Therapy – and themselves.” (Bowden, 2002). formulae of Schultz, autogenic clients are self-help for mind and body. encouraged to develop their own Dr Wolfgang Luthe, a close colleague of Personal and Motivational Formula (PMF). References Schultz, further developed AT in two Importantly, this comes at the end of Greene, Dr A. (2004) Schultz Memorial ways: the advanced methods of Autogenic their course, when we might presume Lecture for British Autogenic Society at Royal Neutralisation (AN); and the emotional that the autogenic process has peaked College of General Practitioners, London. off-loading exercises. and resettled. Bowden, Dr A. (2002) Autogenic Training – a non-drug approach to anxiety, panic In AN, Luthe used autogenic principles to “a respectful attacks and insomnia. A report on the bring about a prolonged state of brain introduction of Autogenic Training into a Primary activity which allowed, using an old- consideration of the Care Group. University College London fashioned term,‘abreaction’ and possible whole person, used in the Hospitals. Pub.Abridged version in Pulse ‘mental re-living’ of past trauma. Here, medical journal March 2003. the brain is offered ‘carte-blanche altered state of Farné M.A., and Jimenez-Muñoz N. (2000) opportunity’ to address whatever arises, Personality changes induced by autogenic adhering to the principle of process being consciousness” training practice. Stress Medicine 16: 263-268. more important than content. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The positive formula is not simply This “highly complex ...... brain-directed ‘positive thinking’, or a denial of so-called Wallnöfer Dr H., (2000) Schultz Memorial process...” aims “...at a reduction and negative emotions. It is a respectful Lecture for British Autogenic Society at Royal progressive elimination of the functionally consideration of the whole person, used London Homoeopathic Hospital, London. disturbing potency of accumulated in the altered state of consciousness Huppert F.A., (2005) Positive emotions and neuronal material.” (Luthe & Schultz, where it can take root and affect the cognition: developmental neuroscience and 1969,Vol 1, p. 216). molecules of positive emotion (Pert, health perspectives. Proceedings 8th Sydney 1997). It is about who the person is, and Symposium. While there is no doubt that Autogenic what they need, in order to maintain Pert C., (1997) Molecules of Emotion. Neutralisation has a far-reaching positive their psychological and physiological well- Scribner, USA 1997. Simon & Schuster UK effect on the psyche (Luthe & Schultz, being. The personal formula can do much Ltd., 1998. 1969,Vol 6), in practical terms this to engage the positive energy of the

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Book review: DIALOGUE AND DESIRE Mikhail Bakhtin and the Linguistic Turn in Psychotherapy

by Rachel Pollard (2008) Pub: UKCP Karnac Series ISBN 978-1-85575-449-2 RRP £20.99

couched, post-modernly, in linguistic and with the theory of mimesis! – whilst literary terms, drawing both upon an admiring, I simultaneously find myself analysis of the rootedness of language in picking the odd nit! For instance I am the body, and in interactions, which has irritated over the usual affinities with the work of the later misunderstanding of Derrida as Wittgenstein, and with that of the reducing world to text, whereas in deconstructivists, and, secondly, upon reality he says world and text are the writings of poets and novelists, mutually indissoluble but not mutually Dostoievsky in particular, which places reducible. it within the increasing ‘literary turn’ in psychotherapy today (of which Joyce His position is much closer to Bakhtin’s, McDougall’s work is one instance). for instance, in respect of Bakhtin’s polyphony (= many voices in the self), Another such mythic figure is the and heteroglossia (= many internalisable protagonist of the radical theory of power discourses in the wider context), mimetic violence and scapegoating, than she always seems aware, (c.f., e.g., Rene Girard, whose relevance to Derrida, 1967/1978). And I carp at her psychotherapy and psychoanalysis has in taking, like so many in psychotherapy, been pursued magisterially in the Anglo- a standard reflex anti-Cartesian line, American psychotherapy world by whilst nevertheless on page 124 she The Russian thinker and philosopher- James Grotstein in particular (c.f., e.g., rightly writes in terms Descartes critic, Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1977), is Grotstein, 1997,Wilkinson, 2003). At himself might have been proud of: fast becoming one of those legendary first sight Girard’s profound pessimism figures, in the background of the (he likewise brings his vision to his “….and it seems important to keep in psychotherapies, whose status is neither analysis of Dostoievsky), based in his mind Paul Broks’ (2003) caution that that of a pure ‘other discipline’ analysis of the intrinsic self-alienation of scientific research can neither locate influence, nor simply that of a desire as mimesis/identification, would the self in the biological structures of psychotherapy theorist. Less well- seem at odds with the affirmation of the brain nor explain how known than, say, Martin Buber, or Martin the dialogical in the work of Bakhtin. consciousness arises from matter” (a Heidegger, or Paul Tillich, he is quotation from Broks follows). nevertheless becoming analogous to Rachel Pollard’s new, and very rich, book them as an icon of the dialogical in the Karnac-UKCP series, from which I Yet even these oscillations, differences, tendency in psychotherapy. have learnt most of what I now know and wrestlings are indices of her first about Bakhtin – and summarised above hand engagement with the material. He has a central influence nowadays and in what follows – suggests Her range of knowledge, learning, and within Cognitive-Analytic Therapy otherwise. It suggests that, whilst reference is impressive; for instance, in discourse, where, with Vigotsky, he is a representing different emphases, they can discussing the ‘incarnational’ aspect of major index of what makes Cognitive- actually complement, correct, and Bakhtin’s ‘sacredness of the material’ Analytic Therapy an integrative- supplement one another, and be mutually vision of embodiment, she even humanistic psychotherapy, and not a harnessed to enrich psychotherapy. manages to include a footnote mere theoretical integration. He also discussing the fundamental difference has a more general influence elsewhere As a member of the UKCP/Karnac between Eastern Orthodox and Roman in integrative-humanistic circles, and Editorial Board responsible for this Catholic positions on the nature of the likewise in more radical (including series, with therefore a vested Procession from the Father to the Son Lacanian) and relational psychoanalytic interest, although I had not been and Holy Ghost, in the context of the ones. personally involved in its production I danger of tri-Theism, within the hesitated to review it, for obvious Christian doctrine of the Trinity! His work embodies affirmation of what reasons. But it fell so centrally to my is urged as the inherent relationality of interests that I am taking the risk, and The writing is always alive and readable, psychotherapy, and articulates a I am rewarded with the delight of – and yet non-routine. The provenance participatory conception of truth, in encountering such real, first-hand, of Bakhtin’s works, difficulties of ways analogous to those expressed by philosophically aware thinking going on interpretation, and multiplicity of the thinkers named above. More in psychotherapy writing – somewhere perspectives, from Westerners and strongly than them, however, and in a it is not common. post-Soviet Russians, struggling to make way which is very contemporary, this sense of what was clearly, in its own relational or dialogical element is And, at the same time – in accordance way, a heroic and mythic life under

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Stalinism, are done justice to in this This is a parallel vision which likewise book; Bakhtin is not here taken up, as might valuably inform the UKCP / Karnac Buber so often is within psychotherapist’s attention to the psychotherapeutic texts, as if the nature novelistic and dramatic process of book series of his life and meaning were an psychotherapy work. It is a tribute to The purpose of this series is to enable established and priorly given thing – as Rachel Pollard’s work that she UKCP,in its full breadth, depth and if per a Hollywood bio-pic – but rather convinces me that Bakhtin’s work is of a diversity, to reflect on and contribute to the the wrestling which characterised comparable calibre to that I had the important and emerging psychotherapy Bakhtin’s life is here in this book. privilege to encounter in the legendary, themes of the day – clinical, training and ever-living, figure by whom I was once research. There is even an ‘authorship issue’, with taught. the texts published by his associate UKCP,as a leading umbrella body for Voloshinov, and a question whether he References psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic might have been a ‘frontman’ for Derrida, J (1967/1978) Freud and the Scene of counselling, and Karnac Books, a specialist in Bakhtin! Now, where have we English Writing, in Writing and Difference, London: psychotherapy and mental health publishing, have combined to develop a greater heard of something like that?! Routledge presence in the psychotherapy market. Grotstein, J. (1997). ’The sins of the fathers To end on a personal note, so ...’; human sacrifice and the inter- and trans- powerfully was Bakhtin, his living yet Do you want to write a book but generational neurosis/psychosis, International need some advice? mythic quality, and the range of issues Journal of Psychotherapy, 2, 1, 11-26 which emerge from his work (this Have you an idea for a book and review is a huge oversimplification!), Leavis, FR (1955/1973) DH Lawrence, Novelist, need help in developing it further? evoked for me by this book, that it London: Penguin Or have you written a dissertation poignantly reminded me of a now Wilkinson, H (2003) Review Article on and wonder if it could become a forgotten, yet similar once-legendary James Grotstein’s Who is the Dreamer Who book? figure, this time home grown, and as Dreams the Dream?: Psychoanalysis as finite, If so, a UKCP / Karnac workshop is being English as Dr Johnson, John Keats, and a psychoanalysis as infinite? Psychoanalysis’ th Cox’s Pippin apple, my old teacher the religious potential, International Journal of held on 11 October in Central London, literary critic – both deeply wise and Psychotherapy, 8, 2, pp. 147–168 from 10 am to 4 pm. yet inveterately academically quarrelsome! – F R Leavis. Heward Wilkinson There are a limited number of places and UKCP Honorary Fellow booking is essential. (Cost £50, to Leavis was born just the same year as Chair of HIPS include refreshemtns and light lunch.) Bakhtin, and died one year after Bakhtin http://hewardwilkinson.co.uk did. He too articulates a dialogical and To book a place, or to register for participatory conception of Titles in the notificaton of future workshops, contact understanding, one which is utterly UKCP / Karnac series: [email protected] embedded in language, yet in a way, or 020 7014 9966. likewise, which is utterly grounded in Grandparented: the pre-linguistic embodiment of us as If you would liked to submit a book Revolutionary Connections: proposal, visit the UKCP website, persons. He too had problems with the psychotherapy and neuroscience, www.ukcp.org.uk and follow the links mimetic (Girardian) pessimism of (2003) edited by Jenny Corrigall to Publications then karnacbooks.com, Dostoievsky and Proust, and set against and Heward Wilkinson them, in particular, the life-affirming, where you will find a downloadable proposal form. relationship-affirming, genius of DH Research in Psychotherapy (2006) Lawrence, in whom he finds the Del Loewenthal and David Winter dialogical ‘polyphony’ which Bakhtin Alternatively, if you do not want to write attributes to Dostoievsky himself: a book but have strong views on books In print: that you would like to see, we would like Diversity, Discipline and Devotion in to know. “And if one asks why every phrase, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: Clinical, every touch, in that description – in the Training and Supervisory Perspectives Please send any questions or suggestions whole of the quoted passage, in fact – (2007) Gertrud Mander about the series to Philippa Weitz at seems to tell, so that the whole page [email protected] or contact wonderfully lives, the life is seen to be Shakespeare on the Couch (2008) 01273 422 143. very largely a matter of what is revealed Michael Jacobs in the analysis of the ‘tone’ (as I have called it): a complexity of total attitude, “This series provides an excellent forum To be published in 2008: for UKCP registrants to promote their conveyed in the shifts of expectation The Therapist as Muse: a New Poetic and evaluative response – the own work, through a partnership Paradigm for Psychotherapy combining the publishing talents of two sympathetic, the amused, the impressed, Heward Wilkinson key organisations with an interest in the critical, the wondering and waiting, psychotherapy!” and so on – the reader goes through as Not Just Talking Jean Pain his attention is carried forward down Coutenay Young, UKCP Vice Chair (Registrants) 2007 the page.” (Leavis, 1955/1973, p. 240)

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the psychotherapist ukcp news Chair’s Report UKCP Shape

We are involved in the most challenging interest when we put forward a view that times in the history of psychotherapy in is incompatible with what is perceived as Creating an organisation the UK. These challenges include, but are a current view of regulation. not limited to: Forming a Council of the It is only politicians and the political UK Council for Psychotherapy being a voice for psychotherapy system that can shift this mindset. The After 15 years in existence the UK focused on a philosophical and likelihood is that the current political Council for Psychotherapy is pragmatic response to regulation, system will dominate perceptions of laws considering forming an actual Council, whatever form this may take; and regulation for the next few years. At in order to focus attention upon the the advancement of state determined a pragmatic level it is bureaucrats who elements that excite us as modes of treatment and trainings on implement government policy. It is within practitioners about this profession and an ‘evidence based’ (limited to their work that we must negotiate what their promotion in the wider world. we believe is needed for the propagation randomised control trials) of psychotherapy in the world. The Shape Development Group effectiveness; and (SDG) has been meeting to translate changing UKCP’s shape to meet the One of the most difficult parts of this the outline Shape of the UKCP,as needs of psychotherapy and work is to have a team of people that agreed at the AGM in March 2008. psychotherapists. can comprehend its complexity and devote the time and energy necessary. We have been aiming for an When we think of the philosophy and UKCP’s newly formed Political Action organisational structure that can not pragmatism of psychotherapy and the Group is taking on one of the important only support the provision of the psychotherapist in the world, we need to tasks within this, and welcomes the resources and functions necessary for keep in mind the place we as involvement of more registrants (see a vibrant professional organisation, but professionals hold for humanness and page 20 for more details). also sustain those elements of quality growth. One of the main concerns of management that we believe in, and psychotherapy is about relationship; with We have been very fortunate in building choose to preserve post-statutory oneself, groups, and with intimates. Every a team approach that is still evolving and regulation. day we work with the impact of failures will become clearer as we determine the and successes of human existence. future shape of the UKCP,(see the next The profession of psychotherapy is article for more on this) constantly evolving and there is an The world we live in has economic, inevitable tension between the role of political and physical threats that have The list of people volunteering, including voluntary regulator, which involves given governments worldwide the registrants and non–registrants, is setting standards and defining opportunity of using laws based on increasing. As we open our systems and boundaries, and the roles of a control and surveillance to give us the make ourselves available we gain energy professional organisation, which illusion that we can be ‘safe’. The and support. Following on from the include promoting research and extremes of this can be seen in the success of the workshops we have had in development, supporting and inhuman response to the threats to our Scotland,Wales and England, we are representing practitioners and working security by allowing use of torture as an increasing their frequency. This gives us proactively to stimulate and encourage acceptable form of interrogation. the opportunity to hear what our our professional evolution. registrants are doing, what is important The consequences of this way of thinking to them, and provide an opportunity for It will remain unclear for sometime is that prevailing thought has become a them to influence the change of the yet what role UKCP will continue to belief that we are all intrinsically ‘bad’ and UKCP (see page 30 for details). play as a voluntary regulator. Despite that we need more laws and regulations this, the current reshaping of UKCP to contain this badness. A world has This work is being done for all of us offers an opportunity to make more been created in which the notion of whether we are patients, clients, trainees, space for the art and science of rehabilitation is lost. Even police cautions practitioners or the society in which we psychotherapy itself: to be proactive in are now a part of our history that can work. I speak to you as one who, as a working for the things we believe in as pre-empt employment and opportunities. registrant of UKCP,has completed a level well as reacting to external pressures. of training that is of the highest quality, The result of this state of affairs is that that provides true protection for the With this in mind the SDG is even the most disinterested of us has to public. It must also, more than ever, proposing to the September Board of consider how we navigate the demands inform the public about the values we Trustees that the new shape of UKCP of creating an environment in which to hold in the world. This is one aspect of should include an actual Council. work, and how we hold on to the notion our relationship we can’t afford to lose. that there is the potential in humans for This Council will NOT be involved in good and altruism. This seems rather James Gray Antrican the management of the organisation. strange when we are accused of vested Chair, UKCP

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the psychotherapist ukcp news

How can you help? Development: Update The Shape Development Group still needs individuals who are It will then be able to, properly, focus willing to work to bring these both vibrant and flexible on ensuring that UKCP strives to plans to fruition. meet its charitable objectives, and that The Council will provide a space its resources are used to that end. We will meet face to face in where representatives from the And nothing else. London approximately once a different modalities, different month between now and the professional interest groups and allied New categories of membership? January Board meeting, possibly professions can meet, as practitioners, The SDG is also looking at whether holding teleconferences in to debate the actual stuff of we should increase the categories of between. psychotherapy.This will not be a membership we offer, so as to involve talking shop: through debate and students and members of the public in We also need a second tier of activities aimed at increased our work. individuals who will represent their understanding and action we will be section or institution and who are putting psychotherapy out in the These discussions are at an early willing to be consulted by e-mail. world – not just the consulting room. stage, and will be part of the continuing consultation process. If you are willing and able to help The UKCP has, of course, always been us transform UKCP into a new, dynamic shape, please contact engaged in this process, often thanks Transitional Arrangements [email protected] to an army of unsung volunteers – The details are not yet finalised and those in the Sections who have will be influenced by the continuing promoted the development of their consultation with registrants. If the Want to find out more? respective modalities, and those AGM in March agrees this or a similar Regional consultations are being currently engaged with the various role and shape for UKCP,putting all held, with registrants and member government initiatives: Increasing the necessary pieces in place to make organisation delegates invited. Access to Psychological Therapy, Skills it happen will still take time. for Health, New Ways of Working etc. These consultations are part of An important part of this work will be the Regional Connection days, and The Council will provide a reference developing the electoral processes and are opportunities to find out more group for this work. But more procedures required for all registrants and to share your views: your importantly, the creation of a Council to have a vote, not least systems of opportunity to directly influence will make it clear that, although we postal and/or on-line voting. If the what we are trying to do. continue to work as a voluntary proposed changes are accepted at the regulator, our sense of our purpose AGM, elections for the reconstituted The two remaining Regional has shifted. Board and Officer positions will then connection/consultation days are: be held between September and the The New Board of Trustees Special General Meeting on 5th Glasgow: One of the many drivers for the December 2009. The new board and October 4th current reshaping has been the need officers will take up office and the new to restructure our Board of Trustees constitution will take full effect from Manchester: to comply with Charity Commission that date. October 25th guidelines. Our existing Board of Trustees includes all the executive The Special General Meeting will be See page 30 for more information: officers, together with the chairs of open to all those who will become these events are free if you book in the various sections and members under the new constitution, advance through our website representatives of Institutional including ALL existing registrants. www.ukcp.org.uk Members and Special Members.

Not only is the board large, but everyone who sits on it has multiple What difference will this make in practice? roles and, therefore, often hold conflicting interests.This is not UKCP will be able to focus on developing the art and science of appropriate for a board of trustees. It psychotherapy, and the application of psychotherapy to the wider world. is therefore proposed that the new Board of Trustees should be smaller. It UKCP Registrants will become members and have a voice and a vote in the will include lay representation professional organisation that represents and supports them. together with elected practitioner representatives and elected member UKCP will become more flexible, able to do all we do now and more but, as organisation representatives. needs change, will be able to adapt to meet these changing needs, without further constitutional change.

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The Political Action Group: your chance to help the Government get it right A call to all individual registrants and their friends

The profession is standing on ground that independently minded people with very and psychotherapeutic counselling in the is shifting unpredictably and this movement varying views about how best to serve UK.They will meet a professional body tells us to expect a violent earthquake. that public good. speaking in terms they understand and When the dust settles, the land you’ll see using methods of communication they will look totally different. These views are not just opinions. They would expect from a resolute group of are the active expression of an individual’s people who know they have a rich The Government is exerting its power. orientation towards life and what it means contribution to make to society. Hundreds of committees and informal to be a human in the world. groups are discussing issues in great detail. I was lucky enough to be at the right place Fine points are argued over, implications So, when the Government pushes forward at the right time to become the Chair of are worried about, trends are spotted, and its opinion about the relative value of this Group. We are now expanding and speculation runs riot. Above and beside different traditions within psychotherapy are looking for people to join us. these committees are other committees and counselling, or about how the and above them still others. All is profession should be run, or what place it We are looking for four registrants and inextricably interwoven. is to have in society, it presses buttons that two lay people, who want the chance to activate powerful energy. do something in this unique encounter All sorts of people from UKCP are there, between state and profession. Since persistently beavering away in, on, through UKCP has set up a Political Action Group, you’ll be a volunteer, whatever you do and around as many of these committees whose task is to help it focus that energy, will be solely guided by your and groups as possible. They listen and to co-ordinate these myriad activities and enthusiasms and availability. And, if you talk to people from the other professional exploit opportunities for imaginative action do join us, you will have an bodies, the media, politicians, civil servants in the public arena. extraordinarily interesting and at the Department of Health, Skills for rewarding time. Health and IAPT, NICE, the Health We are going to make sure that Professions Council and lots more - not government, and anyone who has power Please spread the word or email me now, forgetting Europe. to take decisions that affect the profession, if you’d like to help: hear and really understand the force of [email protected] For an ordinary commercial organisation what we have to say. to co-ordinate all these activities would be Richard Dening quite a task. But throw in another factor, All those who have dealings with us will Chair one which makes UKCP such a vibrant recognise that UKCP is and will remain UKCP Political Action Group organisation. It’s stuffed with thousands of the authoritative voice of psychotherapy

Cartoon contributed by Tom Warnecke, Vice Chair (Registrants)

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the psychotherapist ukcp news A wider picture: on the statutory regulation of psychotherapy and counselling Carmen Joanne Ablack

practice and the application of these maintain the qualitative nature of the in the work and in the workplace - working relationship between client be it private practice or hospital and practitioner. setting; whilst still preserving an appropriate space for the professions Psychotherapy, psychotherapeutic to retain the ability to evolve and counselling and psychological based continue to be responsive to the counselling are necessarily joint needs of the clients / patients. This is endeavours, joint - but not always what the HPC seem to want to equal, joint - but not always achieve in their work with the understood in every moment by the profession through the Call for Ideas client / patient or by the practitioner. and the work of the Professional Carmen Joanne Ablack Liaison Group. The work is both reflective and This article is an expression of my reflexive and it is different in its The real question is:Will government personal views as a Registrant; it is depth of application and qualitative allow this to happen? emphasis between each psychological informed also by the work I therapeutic profession and within the undertake on behalf of UKCP as It would be a ‘non-sense’ for any professions themselves. This is a Chair of the Standards Board. government or other statutory necessary diversity within the agency to consider that it was professions because human beings are Many of the critics of the approach possible, much less desirable, to not the same, not when it comes to being taken to statutory regulation of reduce the complexity of human how we react, avoid, engage or the psychological therapies, and in understanding, growth, healing and otherwise deal with our own particular the approach being taken development to the simplicity of a list existence. We do not come to the by the Government in its work at the of competencies to be applied to the psychotherapy or counselling Initiative on Access to the client. relationship with the same history, Psychological Therapies (IAPT), come therefore we cannot be treated as if from those who believe that there is Indeed the professions of we are all the same, simple but true. a fundamental meta-psychology that Psychotherapy, Psychotherapeutic cannot be described, defined or Counselling and psychological based An appreciation of cultural, heritage, otherwise captured in specified Counselling necessarily and differently class, religious, philosophical and mechanistic frameworks alone. These encompass the application, familial background must form part of views hold an element of truth that understanding and discernment of any approach taken to training and those of us involved on behalf of the working with the client or patient in regulation of the profession and the public and the profession must always a relating manner. work of the practitioner. bear in mind. Comprehensive training in working It is the depth of the ability to work with the range of issues of diversity Several of the arguments centre on with and inhabit both the known and in psychological therapy practices and theories, comprehensions and the unknown that helps establish a professions is a necessary must for techniques in which it is difficult to unique working paradigm for each any 21st century training. Many distinguish between the art and and every client with their professions in the UK can be and are science of any particular psychological practitioner. The skill, capacity and challenged to reflect a better or psychotherapeutic theory. This ability to adapt to meet the client in diversity in their training workforce has validity and is recognised as that front of you and to maintain a sense as well as in their recruitment of aspect of working that is always of working with them towards their trainees. The additional challenge is beyond ‘hard’ approaches to insight, growth, and / or healing for all of us to work more effectively regulated practice. The essence of cannot be reduced to measurements with these issues and to widen the the regulator is to set the minimum that are solely mechanical in nature populations of the trainers and standards of good training and and that do not allow for the sensing supervisors as well as those of the and dialogue needed to establish and trainee practitioners.

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the psychotherapist ukcp news

Therefore it can be said that attempts seen to over-simplify psychotherapeutic work to a few-sizes-fit-all (as many fear is Letter from the a correct interpretation of the government’s current approach) are actually an undermining of the nature and substance of being human. Ask parents, Vice Chair child psychotherapists (of any psychotherapeutic approach), play leaders, arts or drama teachers in schools – where there is qualitative meaningful (Registrants) relating, there is magic. It is the un- measurable, defying words alone elements expertise and values to society, that often matter most in our work. promote social responsibility and influence public perception on social Anything that becomes lip service being phenomena? made to these elements whilst riding How does psychotherapy engage in roughshod over psychotherapeutic dialogue with other professions on approaches that most support creative such issues? and inspired endeavour is a legacy this government should be very wary of These questions patently go beyond the establishing for itself. It will be a legacy current ongoing debates about the pros that the public, particularly those and cons of statutory regulation by the members who are the parents, spouses HPC. They also go beyond our and partners of the person seeking help, discussions about the new shape of UKCP will not forgive or forget. and the ways in which we choose to organise ourselves. Such questions not In our own professional, voluntary- only exceed the scope of these debates regulating organisation of the UK Council but also inevitably touch on deeper issues for Psychotherapy (UKCP) there remains such as power, authority, identity, a commitment to legislation being Tom Warnecke individuality and conformity and evoke a established that will seek to bring to an Dear Registrants, host of projections, aspirations and fears. end the practicing of psychological But they, and the themes and emotions therapies by those who do not meet With the formation of the Professional they evoke, ultimately underpin and inform enforceable training, practice and ethical Liaison Group (PLG) by the Health any debate about regulation or about the standards. It is because I want the public Professions Council (HPC), the questions roles and functions of our professional protected from rogue or unsafe therapists around statutory regulation of organisations. that, despite reservations above, I choose psychotherapy will be on the minds of to be involved as an appointed voluntary many of you this Autumn. How do we apprehend and engage with officer of UKCP in the work being done such aspects of the – dare I say – on statutory regulation. I believe it is important to focus our unconscious of our profession? attention not only on the regulation issue A client, who is also a trainee, spoke with at hand, but also to explore the wider The Transforming Times conference on 15 me about the nature of hope in relation context in which we think about, and November aims to provide a creative to the complexity of the current discuss, regulation. space to explore these questions and hear regulatory map of the profession. She the many voices, visions, concerns and described hope as, Heart Open, Statutory regulation is not an isolated perceptions from within this Council for Perception Engaged – it remains to be phenomena but one of many aspects of Psychotherapy and from the wider seen if the politicians and senior civil modern society our profession, and the profession. servants involved can retain enough UK Council for Psychotherapy, is required HOPEFUL humanity to remember the to engage with. We need to consider how Expecting to find the answers in a single psychotherapeutic and psychological we manage, as a profession, to not only day would seem ambitious. But we can professions are working with human support, protect and develop the work of start a process of finding new ways to beings, not human doings. psychotherapists but also assure and engage each other and approach these promote a vibrant profession of issues in an inclusive and open manner. Carmen Joanne Ablack psychotherapy in this society. Integrative Body Psychotherapist,Trainer How does the psychotherapy Process Oriented Psychology (see the article and Supervisor profession proclaim its place in on pages 23 to 25) appears to offer a very Chair Standards Board of UKCP modern society? promising theoretical and practical How does the profession assert its approach to support this endeavour. It is mental health competencies in this also a chance to experience a fascinating society? modality at work. How does psychotherapy contribute

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the psychotherapist ukcp news

The Regional Connections UKCP days,in Bristol, Glasgow and Manchester this Autumn, aim to provide open forums for Row, row, row your perspectives and themes relevant to individual practitioners and UKCP boat… member organisations in the regions.

The idea for regional events emerged Life is but a dream: from responses we received from you during the regional UKCP Shape consultation days and the ICO road shows Introducing process oriented last year. Like many organisations in this country, UKCP is seen as more active and visible in London and the South East. psychology

We would like to encourage and support Arlene and Jean-Claude Audergon more regional activities and local networks developing across the country, and hope We are happy to be asked to write an The dreaming that regional UKCP events will contribute article about Process Oriented Process Oriented Psychology (POP) or to this. Psychology for The Psychotherapist. We Process Work (PW) is a comprehensive assume many of you reading are theory and method oriented to bringing The regional days will also provide psychotherapists or in related awareness along into the flow of nature, opportunities for you to engage in a professions, or committed to a path of to unfold its inherent creativity. Its ‘Shape’ consultation workshop and look at bringing awareness into your individual originator,Arnold Mindell, was first a the process and requirements for UKCP life and our collective interactions. physicist, then training analyst at the Jung to become an organisation with both Institute in Zurich. His teachers were individual and organisational membership. Awareness is hard to talk about even Franz Riklin, C G Jung’s grandson, then The consultation workshops will explore among fellow psychotherapists. It is a director of the Jung Institute, Marie- some of the decisions we need to make most extraordinary gift. It reminds us of Louise Von Franz, and Barbara Hannah, to achieve this. There will also be an the story of how fire was brought to both long-time colleagues of Jung. update on statutory regulation and space humanity. In the field of psychotherapy, for questions and discussion. whether we look to the early pioneers, During the 1970s, while working with or to the ancient lineage of shamans, terminally ill clients who required non- At a recent meeting of the Service philosophers and healers, we might verbal methods of communication, Development Committee in July, consider that a task has been passed Mindell discovered that the subjective committee members also discussed ways along, a flame has been passed, to study experience of body symptoms was to promote local grass root events for and contribute a little something to the mirrored in the night time dream.2 An psychotherapists in less populated parts of awakening of consciousness in us as early example involved a man with a the country. We decided to advertise for individuals and collectively. stomach tumour. When asked to feel his ‘key people’ who may be interested in symptom carefully, he said he felt as if he helping to organise small events in their Each of us may know the experience of would explode. He recalled that he had local area to come forward (please see passing on the flame to a friend, family dreamed of fireworks. Arny then helped the advert on the UKCP website). member, or client – or seeing the flame this man who always had been reserved inside the person we are with begin to to ‘explode’ with his feelings and passion. We are also inviting applications to join a burn again. Awareness, like fire, brings UKCP Conference Committee to plan and warmth and life and defrosts our frozen Mindell used the term ‘dreambody’ in prepare a three-day UKCP professional states. those days to describe this ‘dreaming’ conference in 2010 (more details on dimension that manifests simultaneously website). The committee will decide on a From school to school our methods in the visual night time dream, and in the conference theme and focus on the differ, but in essence, we are each carrying somatic experience. professional content, while the logistics and this flame. In Rivers Way, Mindell cites the practical aspects of the conference will Jung “...Thus we are faced in Mindell went on to track this dreaming be managed by UKCP staff. psychotherapy with a situation dimension as it appears or is perceived in comparable with that in modern physics different channels – visual, auditory, You will have an opportunity to meet me where for instance there are two proprioceptive (body sensation), and and other UKCP Officers at the regional contradictory theories of light. And just kinesthesia (movement), and in our events this Autumn and we look forward as physics does not find this contradiction experience of relationship and the world. to hearing your ideas and perspectives on unbridgeable, so the existence of many He also observed how the dreaming these issues and finding ways to make possible standpoints in psychology should appears in unintended and fleeting regional UKCP events a regular feature. not give grounds for assuming that the communication signals.3 contradictions are irreconcilable and the Tom Warnecke various views merely subjective and As the work developed, process concepts Vice Chair (Registrants) therefore incommensurable.”1 were explored with people experiencing

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the psychotherapist ukcp news

extreme states with diagnoses of The disturbance as a seed awareness to interactions, rather than only psychopathology in inpatient and What disturbs and bugs you carries the being swept into polarized roles or positions. outpatient psychiatric care.4 The methods seed or pattern for your growth. This were also applied successfully to does not mean that you must accept In large group interactions, such as community communicate with people in comatose terrible events or abuse, nor drink your forums, people readily grasp the notion that a states, leading to vital experiences for the role is bigger than an individual viewpoint. We cod liver oil. It is a continually surprising, person who was in coma and their may designate a physical spot for a role and families, and essential research in this but central paradigm of PW,that the say that it needs more than one person to area.5 seeds of the solution to the problem you speak for its different facets. As individuals, we are working on lie within the disturbance are also more than a role. We will be drawn Mindell and colleagues went on to study itself. From one perspective the to a particular role, but as we speak that side, the ‘dreaming’ dimension behind system disturbance is terrifying. From another, it we differentiate from the role and may find dynamics in relationships and group life, carries essential new information. ourselves interested to also speak for the including working with conflict. other role. ‘Worldwork’ is the application of PW Consider a client who stammers. While methods to facilitating large groups, we understand his wish to rid himself of A forum on minority-mmajority organisations and communities and the symptom, we welcome the process issues in Slovakia working with historic conflict, oppression, within the symptom, by accurately Over the last few years,The European and conflict resolution.6 following its nature. We listen carefully, Multicultural Foundation EMF and and ask him to listen to his stammer and ANNWIN, Slovakia, have worked with us Theory as boat to experiment with amplifying it or on developing forums on human rights This wide range of applications often making it ‘worse’. At the point he begins and social inclusion in Europe.10 raises a question how all this is possible. to stammer, we invite him to pause At the heart of PW is a spirit of longer. His eyes go down and we invite In Slovakia we opened a discussion about researching the uncanny patterns of him to go internal and carefully follow his issues facing Roma (gypsies). A man said nature, as a process is perceived through feelings. He says it is liberating to stay ‘There are no problems for Roma in dream or vision, sound, somatic close to himself, to not react, to follow a Slovakia, except they get too much experience, altered states, relationship deeper timing. He practices the new attention and advantage.’ This was a ‘hot troubles, and community interactions. pattern – staying connected to himself spot’ and inflammatory in relation to the We need awareness in all of these areas and when he chooses, communicating dire situation of Roma in Slovakia and for the individual and collective to cook, from here rather than adapting to us or Europe. The room went silent. Then a evolve and transform. anyone else. He is deeply relieved and his young Roma woman stood up and spoke stammer subsides. out about the poverty and violence In a personal conversation, Mindell told toward Roma, the rapes, murder and lack me, (Jean-Claude) that a theory was like a Edges and hot spots of protection the Roma community rowboat. If you go out in the bay and The ‘edge’7 describes the perimeter receives from police. find that it leaks you might scoop the between an identity defined by a belief water out for a while and stay with your system and an emerging new pattern. There are two basic roles here, the boat – but it would be more effective to oppressed and the oppressor. The Roma The belief system at the stammerer’s come back to shore and either repair the in this case were in the role of the boat or get a new one before going out edge said ‘you must care for others by oppressed group, but it soon became fishing again. If your theory doesn’t work, responding to their timing’. The pause in clear that many Slovaks identified with drop it, and study the process. Don’t his stammer was the emerging pattern of their own painful thousand year history mistake the boat for the fish. going deep inside himself and following of oppression, making it difficult to also his own feelings and timing. acknowledge being in the role of All of the theoretical structures and oppressing others. methods of POP are designed to support A hot spot8 is a moment when the facilitator to access a process, bring something sensitive or volatile is touched A woman walked into the centre of the awareness along, and accurately unfold it – it sizzles. There’s a tendency to back off room opposite the young Roma woman in relation to context, and according to and lose energy, or to become agitated. who had spoken. “I know first-hand that complex momentary feedback. The work At hot spots, conflicts cycle and escalate. everything you say is true. I want to remains similar, whether you work with a But, noticing hot spots early, and carefully apologise to you personally.” Then she told dream or body experience, facilitate an facilitating them, we discover they are her story. She, too, was Roma, but with individual, couple, team or organisation, doorways to resolution, transformation light skin, her parents had hidden their or whether you work in a pre-school, identity to protect the children from and creativity. convent or war-torn community. While it discrimination. In her 20’s, she learned she takes many years for the practitioner to was Roma, sending her into a crisis of gain specific experience needed with a Fields and roles One way to bring awareness into a field of identity. She spoke of how she faced the particular modality, context or culture, part in herself that despised Roma, thought interactions is to locate ‘roles’.9 Roles occur the work remains consistent across this they were dirty and didn’t want to be within all levels of a system – intra-psychic wide range of applications. touched by them, nor to have to believe (two roles within oneself), in relationship, that she was one of them. Now, proud to We briefly outline here just some of the within an organisation, or collectively. The purpose of representing roles is to bring be Roma, she was active in working with core concepts, lacing in a few examples. Roma groups and human rights.

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the psychotherapist ukcp news

Rank awareness suggesting that we represent the Awareness and Eldership The two women embraced – the group disturbing attitudes they were trying to PW is based on bringing awareness along was touched and shifted in their avoid. So we represented a voice who into the very disturbances from which awareness. The group’s earlier silence did not want Serbs and Croats together, we suffer. You are less at the mercy of life reflected a feature of cycling conflict – who considered one and the other to be events, and more engaged with your Where we have privileges that give us traitors. The participants joined in individual journey and your community. ‘social rank’11 (based on ethnicity, religion, playfully, easily recognising the roles from Jung said it best. “ You individuate one race, gender, sexual orientation, age, their own communities, and clearly way or the other, but the difference is health and physical ability, education, class, relieved to represent the hostilities they whether you can stand upright, and see language, political history, etc.), there is suffer from. the signposts.” often a tendency to be unconcerned or unaware of these privileges in relation to There was then a shift in atmosphere, as It is hard to bring words to the struggle others. It may also be difficult to a participant suggested the group go involved in searching for solutions to recognise where we have been part, or deeper into the antagonistic role, to reduce our pain, isolation, altered states, are currently a part of, a group that understand why people were so hateful fear, and helplessness in meeting terrifying downs others. and afraid. This touched a chord in experiences – whether as individuals, everyone, bringing compassion to their communities, or as our nations involved Conversely, it can help to resolve or own and others’ war experiences and in repeating waves of violence. transform conflict when someone the real difficulty in recovering and personally acknowledges or takes moving on. By speaking now directly and Awareness could help us to accompany accountability for the role that has personally about the most sensitive topic, ourselves and sometimes even free created suffering in others. In this the subgroup looked revitalized, as did ourselves from the constant replay of our example, when others could not do it, it the whole group that was fully engaged. personal histories and collective traumas, was the (elder) Roma woman who was A suggestion also emerged for the film, and help us contact a creative source able to speak about the role of that it should not try to be ‘even-handed‘ within us. As terrible as we are as human oppressor inside her. She used her to avoid conflict, but rather say directly beings, we also have an urge towards fluidity, self-knowledge and experience, that there is a great pain left over from becoming conscious. Methods of sometimes referred to as ‘psychological the war, and that as a community they awareness are sorely needed throughout rank’12, to lead the group forward. are finding ways forward together. society, to support individuals, families, organisations, whole communities and Deep democracy Dimensions nations to actively dream and shape our 13 Deep democracy refers to the wisdom that Another useful concept in facilitating future. For this our society needs elders evolves through the facilitated interaction processes is to recognise the interplay – to take a stand, take all sides, hold our among all parts of a system. It means of ‘dimensions’ of experience.15 We hands, and hold us to the task. And some welcoming diversity including those parts of sometimes use the terms ‘consensus of those elders are us psychotherapists. our experience which are normally reality’ to refer to outer context, issues, overlooked or kept out as too disturbing, content. The ‘dreaming’ refers to Jean Claude and Arlene Audergon subtle, emotional or extreme. subjective experiences, dreams, body sensations, mythic figures, archetypal Biography: Jean Claude and Arlene Audergon A forum in Croatia processes and the polarisation of roles practice and teach Process Oriented We recently facilitated a forum for underlying content. The ‘sentient’ Psychology internationally. participants from ‘areas of state concern’ dimension is experienced as a unity in Croatia. This project initiated by the underlying the polarizations, or as a They have published books and articles United Nations High Commission for creative source from which process (www.processwork-audergon.com) and Refugees follows our long-term arises. reconciliation work in Croatia from 1996, facilitated numerous forums on political and social issues in different parts of the and supports recovery in those regions In the example of the man who 14 world, including post-war reconciliation hardest hit by the war. The group was stammered, the disturbance to his projects in Croatia (www.cfor.info). made up of Croats, Serbs, Muslims, and speech is the ‘consensus reality’ other ethnic/national groups, each with dimension. The ‘dreaming’ dimension is Jean Claude and Arlene are facilitating the their own war experiences. One his subjective experience of timing and afternoon, a subgroup presented a November UKCP Transforming Times following himself, as he enters the conference (see back cover). problem. They were making a film about pause. His experience of freedom their community in order to attract reflected the ‘sentient’ dimension. tourists. They ran into problems References: Due to a lack of space, and a desire to representing Orthodox (Serb) and In the story of the forum, the project print this article in full, the references are Catholic (Croat) monuments and and community issues are ‘consensus given on the UKCP website. festivities without alienating the other reality’. The interaction of roles is in side. A mixed group of Serbs and Croats, the ‘dreaming’ dimension. The sentient Go to ukcp.org.uk, click on the drop down they had attempted to be even-handed, dimension was touched by going menu for “Publications”, then on “The but had met with hostility from both deeper, where the polarisation of roles Psychotherapist”, and they are available as sides in their community. We appreciated fell away, bringing the shared a download. their situation and attempts, while compassion.

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the psychotherapist ukcp news From Our European Correspondent... a marriage of convenience

MO has EAPTI – Metanoia – though a – www.europsyche.org.The process few others are well on the way to being involves an application, which has to be accredited. approved by the national body and the relevant modality body – then a visit by So why would a psychotherapy training two international experts to assess the Lest you begin to think that your bother with the EAPTI? training. Please note, UKCP’s position is European representative has had a that only trainings of full UKCP Member radical makeover, the picture above Remember, in the UK, the ECP can only Organisations will be approved for the be awarded through the UKCP. EAPTI as we can only be content that is of Daniela Renner. trainings directly QR’d by UKCP meet – As the brave new world of statutory and will continue to meet – current Daniela is the principle staff member of regulation draws closer in the UK, it standards. For more information you can the European Association of seems certain that practitioners will be contact me or Heward Wilkinson (UKCP Psychotherapy (EAP) with responsibility registered as either counsellor or reps to the EAP) – or indeed, you could for the national psychotherapy bodies. psychotherapist. So there will be new contact Daniela Renner above … Your correspondent had the singular entrants to the profession searching for a honour of marrying Daniela last training with the most to offer; there are So, back to the ground-breaking news, September.More later… a lot of trainings out there which claim to which headed this article.Yes,I really did train psychotherapists. Post regulation, it marry Daniela Renner last September. It This piece is concerned with a marriage is still probable that the UKCP ‘kite mark’ was a great honour to be asked, as a of convenience between UKCP Training will signify a superior training and a high Canon of the Church of England, to Organisations and the EAP – namely, the quality of practitioner. Secondly, there will preside over the wedding ceremony of European Accredited Psychotherapy be thousands of experienced counsellors Daniela and Robert, in the ruined castle Training Institute scheme (EAPTI).As who will wish to do ‘top-up’ trainings to of Senftenberg, perched high on a hill, readers will know, the EAP awards the allow themselves to register as amongst vineyards, overlooking a ECP (European Certificate of psychotherapists. tributary of the Danube. Psychotherapy – last acronym, I promise), which is the nearest think there is to a The savvy UKCP training will be thinking Oh, surely you didn’t think…? psychotherapy ‘visa’.Although it cannot now of how to attract new trainees for supersede national laws and has no the post-statutory registration era – and international power, the ECP is, like will be designing top-up modules to offer UKCP Registration, an indication of the to experienced counsellors who wish to quality of a practitioner’s training and be registered as psychotherapists. post-registration practice.The EAP allows thousands of psychotherapists to travel So, when these prospective students across borders to train or work. check through the prospectuses, the fact that they can receive an international Until a few years ago, the ECP could only award with no extra effort, (except filling be awarded by ‘grand-parenting’ – a forms and writing a cheque), could well process requiring the support of both a be a significant factor in the decision- national and a modality body – and, in making process. If yours is a training most countries, this meant waiting 5+ organisation, can it really pass up such a years post-registration before the ECP significant marketing benefit? can be awarded. Now, the EAPTI scheme allows the ECP to be awarded to The procedure for accreditation as an Adrian M. Rhodes, graduates of a training immediately on Vice-Chair (Regulation) EAPTI can be found on the EAP website Registration. Currently, only one UKCP UKCP representative to the EAP.

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the psychotherapist Letters to the Editor

Dear Editor Dear Editor, reductionist, misleading definition and lopsidedly partial history of neuro- I am somewhat surprised that The An Ethic for Pluralism? linguistics. He tells us he is “setting the Psychotherapist editorial board should record straight”. Are we to conclude that, publish such an article by one of its I read John Rowan’s letter to the last issue because Mr Rowan does not know of or own Honorary Fellows. My of The Psychotherapist with some understand the constructivist basis for this understanding of UKCP was that it held pleasure and a great deal of dismay. application, we are not to believe in it diversity as one of its core values, yet an either? article such as this appears in its Pleasure, because Mr Rowan had journal. contributed to the magazine’s discussion I do not have Mr Rowan’s confidence that of constructivism by providing more of the my opinion sets the record straight for Constructivism is about how an academic discourse around the underlying others. However, I do have questions that individual defines their own map, yet Mr philosophical bases, which was sadly I would like to raise as a person who Rowan seems to hold a view hat there missing in the previous issue’s content. It wants to live in a pluralist community of is only one map of constructivism. would have been most helpful if Mr psychotherapists, whose freedom of Despite Mr Rowan suggesting to the Rowan had contributed this when the speech and fair judgement of their work contrary, I do place the theory of NLP editor originally called for articles on the also demands a code of conduct that does within the constructivist principles of subject of constructivism. not compromise these rights for others. Kelly and the influence that Piaget had on his work. I also offer a post modern As it was, the issue represented only a I find Mr Rowan’s letter almost disturbing perspective, i.e. to take NLP as a reduced discussion of constructivism and because he has recently published in a therapeutic process back to the work narrow exposition of related BACP journal an even more of Satir, Perls and Erickson, and psychotherapies. I do not believe this to misrepresenting (and lengthy) review of reconnect with theories that were have been the fault of those writers who the recently published book of Lisa Wake, inherently missing in Bandler and did contribute, (of whom I was one) but the individual also most condemned by his Grinder’s original modelling work. perhaps down to an editorial process for contribution to The Psychotherapist. The Psychotherapist that is still in the early As I state in my own book for the stages of evolution. Do we want to give over our community’s Advancing Theory in Therapy Series, magazine as a forum from which to launch Routledge,There is very little literature I felt dismay, however, because rather than personal vendettas, as Mr Rowan’s available that references neuro-linguistic halting at offering this important material, dedicated fascination in Lisa Wake’s work psychotherapy and I would hope that Mr Rowan also chose to make gratuitous could be interpreted? Or is this part of a this book will encourage a wider debate attacks on the knowledge and greater unconscious dynamic within within the field.’ Throughout the book I qualifications of other contributors to the UKCP whereby we historically seem hold to the view that NLP as a magazine, stating that they “would not compelled to assassinate the reputations methodology is an applied psychology know constructivism if it bit them in the of the organisation’s previous Chairs? I rather than a psychotherapy, and street”. He even seemed set on hope not, but if so, James Antrican, brace although it has applications within the lampooning the achievements of some of yourself, it looks like it’s you next, a psychotherapy world, it has yet to find the authors cited by the contributors in a situation I would equally defend against! its place within a number of different quite unjustified manner. approaches. With the many improvements that have Mr Rowan’s letter, where it did dwell on been made to The Psychotherapist My aim is to create a debate about the subject at hand, focussed on areas not recently, would the formalisation of a code neuro-linguistic psychotherapy. I am covered in the articles he criticises. That’s of practice, for editors and contributors, appreciative of Mr Rowan for opening good and enriches the discussion, but to help to keep discussion truly open, rather up this debate, I hope we can continue state that other contributors did not write than letting our community magazine this across all of the approaches within with the same area of focus as he, on a become merely the arena for those with a psychotherapy. wide subject, only because they do not stomach for conflict and the vicious know what Mr Rowan knows, is battleground of vaingloriously competing Lisa Wake ungrounded. Mr Rowan did not choose academia? Personally, I would prefer the Neurolinguistic Psychotherapist to relate his knowledge of constructivism publication to also lean away from tabloid- UKCP Registrant to clinical application or relevance to style self-promotion – how do others feel? Author: clients’ therapeutic process. Would it be Neurolinguistic Psychotherapy: A fair to conclude from this omission that By all means let us drive one another to Postmodern Perspective. London: Mr Rowan knows nothing of clinical better standards by picking up on Routledge (2008) practice? Of course not. Yet this seems to academic sloppiness or incompletion, but be the treatment that Mr Rowan metes by gratuitous personal attack, rather than out to others in his personal judgements. offering discursive contribution, we drive Letters to the Editor free-breathing intellectual exchange and are welcomed, and With respect, Mr Rowan is capable of enrichment underground. suggesting that some areas of his should be sent to: knowledge may be as superficial as he Yours truly [email protected] accuses others’ of being when it comes to his decision to add to his letter a Pamela Gawler-WWright

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the psychotherapist Letters to the Editor

Dear Editor occupations in which interdisciplinary and into an applied field, psychotherapy. John multi disciplinary approaches were Rowan has raised some interesting I am sorry that John Rowan (The regarded as the norm, I was amazed by philosophical points which need to be Psychotherapist, Summer 2008, pages 16- the narrowness and exclusiveness of addressed. 17) has chosen to be so exclusive about ‘Schoolism’ in psychotherapy. what should or should not be included in This holiday period may not be the best the term constructivist/social Along the way time for an academic discussion, so I constructionist, and to show a lack of As neuro-linguistic psychotherapy hope that The Psychotherapist can make respect not only to the authors, but also developed and we became members of room in the future for more articles to UKCP colleagues in the Neuro UKCP I was glad that we were in the which clarify the application of Linguistic Psychotherapy and Counselling Experiential Constructivist Section. constructivism in psychotherapy and the Association, and the Experiential Obviously I did not have the same length relationship between constructivism and Constructivist Section. and breadth of study which John Rowan pluralism (which is increasingly the de has. I came to a different conclusion: that facto modality for many To me, and to some of my colleagues, neuro-linguistic psychotherapy as it is psychotherapists). constructivism represents the freedom to now fits well with constructivism, and move beyond the confines of unitary post modernist might be an appropriate In a situation where central government models of psychotherapy while description. and certain vested interests seem to maintaining a framework within which want to eliminate constructivist, different theories can be construed and As I added autogenic psychotherapy, integrative and pluralist approaches new theories and practice developed. EMDR and National Federation of equally from the scene, I hope that we Spiritual Healers training to my can move to the tolerance and diversity To reflect the diversity of thinking both in resources, it became apparent that many which constructivism can encourage. NLPtCa and in constructivism, I felt other psychotherapy colleagues made More than anything else I agree with moved to write but constrained as I am similar journeys and that there were UKCP that “enshrining modality through visually impaired and normally get The many ‘closet constructivists’ in UKCP and statutory regulation does not make Psychotherapist on audio tape (which has BACP. sense” and that “ restricting modalities will not yet arrived). A sighted supervisee crush innovation and deprive patients of alerted me to the existence and content In 2002, while leading the development of choice”. of this article. So my response is a a post graduate diploma in autogenic personal view without an array of psychotherapy, I examined the literature Constructive Psychotherapy academic references – I could not on constructivism again. I felt that the I hope that we will be able to maintain otherwise have met your July 28th experiential constructivist section could some suitable grouping within the new deadline. offer a good home to a psychotherapy structure of UKCP and have wondered which wished to be as accessible to about cutting the Gordian knot by using In the beginning those with tightly defined ‘scientific’ views, the title ‘Constructive Psychotherapy’ in In the mid 1980s, at a time of great atheists, agnostics and materialists, and to future. This might express the tradition personal turmoil, NLP was attractive those with spiritual/transpersonal beliefs. of constructivism/social constructionism because it promised to help me change I asked my colleague Vera Diamond what while giving us the opportunity to update what I wanted to change about myself, constructivism meant to her. “Freedom” our definition for psychotherapy, and and facilitate learning and creativity. I she replied promptly, and I agreed. What include the information that we are appreciated the way in which complex both of us meant was freedom to committed to helping clients to construct concepts and theories from different develop ourselves and our work with achievable outcomes for themselves. subjects and disciplines were translated clients in ethical and beneficial ways into something which could be taught to without having to comply with rigid Yours sincerely people without prior experience and dogma. benefit them in their daily lives. Marion Brion PhD Cert Ed We are indebted to John Rowan for After years in FHE the idea that “learning continuing the debate and for his can be fun” added to my enjoyment of historical survey of social life. I was already familiar with the constructionism. The fact that one man process of ‘deconstructing’ ideas from disagrees with a position reached over feminism, from teaching and developing many years by discussion within and Extract from the Editorial Policy of research methods courses and earlier outside of neuro-linguistic psychotherapy The Psychotherapist as reproduced historical studies. I could never have and the experiential constructivist section inside the front cover of each issue: adopted NLP/NLPt as a ‘doctrine’. The can itself be construed within omissions and limitations I noticed were constructivist/social constructionist “From time to time The outweighed by the benefits to me and my theory. Psychotherapist may publish articles of students. a controversial nature.The views For the future expressed are those of the author and Coming from a background of In using the word ‘constructivist’, we have not of the Editor or UKCP.” interdisciplinary research and from been translating a philosophical concept

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the psychotherapist ukcp news

New UKCP registered psychotherapists Elyan Aysoy MET Em Hon Logan MET Eirini Bakopoulou ARBS Julia Madden AFT Barbara Justine Barrett SPTI Gill Markless Markless GUILD John Nicholas Bates NLPtCA Alison Marriott Marriott AFT Beverley Ann Davidson Bell BABCP Gemma Mason ITA Graham John Bolton NRHP Joy McGuire BABCP Elizabeth Mary Bond MET Carmel McMahon MET Monique Brasseur PET Daniel Mirea BABCP Frances Helen Burgess NLPtCA Vanessa Moon IPSS Lauren Callaghan BABCP Lucia, Maria Mora ARBS Anne Calleja NLPtCA Elizabeth Vivienne Morris AFT Anna Castberg SPCRC Lynn Murley AFT Marie Elizabeth Church BABCP Alison Jane Murphy AFT Peter Michael Connor PET Seamus Nash UKAHPP Margaret Mary Convery NLPtCA Michelle Newman Brown AFT Amanda Craig BABCP Clare Nichols AFT Karin Creasy UKAHPP Paul Nolan MET Malgorzata Cynker-McCarthy MET Julia Bernadette O'Grady BABCP Robert William De Stefano MET Felicia Margaret Olney SCPP Silvana Der Kureghian FPC Kate Osterloh UPCA Billy Martin Desmond MET Andrew Thomas O'Toole AFT Bernadette Celine Devine IPS Jane Wynn Owen SPCRC Liam Dickson BPA Henrietta Liza Florence Palmer UPCA Alexander G Dixon MET Filip Pasterski SPCRC Mary Donovan AFT Kate Perrins UKAHPP Janet Elizabeth Dowding MET Renata Peter SPCRC Barbara Teresa Dzien-Abraham MET David Anthony Plant GUILD Karen Eastham NLPtCA Martin Saul Pollecoff MET Sarah Fallon GPTI Caroline Gay Powell UPCA Paula Louise Farson SPCRC Hannah Rees MET Rob Finley UKAHPP Jan Reeve NLPtCA Brendan Flynn AFT (Valerie) Ann Rew SPTI Claudia Jane Foakes AFT Betty Katherine Ridley SPCRC Joanne Forde BABCP Dianne Russell AFT Tim Foskett UKAHPP Mo Rye ITA Helen Freeman IGAP Richard John Hanson Sale BCPC Neil Francis Gibson UPCA Claire Sammut AFT Michael Glaser BABCP Maria Schleger GUILD Christopher Glenn AFT Gillian Rosalie Scrace AFT Alan Balmale Gordon NRHP Atika Sethi AFT Mark John Guludge MET Marianne Sophie Sirgent IPSS Margret Gunnarsdà ttir SPTI Liesanna Sizoo PET Neil Sherman Hall NRHP Gillian Margaret Stevens AFT Sandy Hamilton MET Brian Stevenson IGAP Andrew Robert Harpham-Salter BABCP Pamela Windham Stewart PA Margaret Frances Henning AFT Leela Annie Thampy MET Sue Hitchcock AGIP Jonathan Andrew Thomas MET Sophie Holborow SPCRC Mark Juan Thompson AFT Susan Hornsby AFT Catherine Robinson Thorley AFT Elizabeth Ann Hutchinson BABCP Stephen Michael Thorpe MET Alison Mary Jillott BABCP Niki Trenchard BABCP Ruth Elizabeth Jones GUILD Rita Tricot SPCRC Nicholas David Judson NGP Doreen Wallace AFT Anne Cunningham Laird NLPtCA Nicola Mary Ward NRHP Jonathan Christopher Lake ITA Caroline Susan Wells AFT Terence Lawton UPCA Munha Lee PET Mari Yamamoto MET Andreas Rolf Jorgen Lind IPSS New UKCP registered psychotherapeutic counsellors

Richard Backes WPF Jane Fior UKAHPP Elizabeth Jane Bidnell NGP Catriona Howatson WPF Lucy Blackburn UKAHPP Mark McGovern NGP Catriona Bryce CPC Louise Ann Page UKAHPP Christabel Katharine Butler UKAHPP Ellen Russell NGP David Owen Elias UKAHPP Joana Barber Sinclair UPCA Andrew Barry Farley NGP Helen Thompson WPF Hannah Fenton UPCA Sarah Louise Woolrich NGP

Congratulations and welcome to you all.

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the psychotherapist events Regional events An Invitation to a UKCP wants to encourage and support more regional activities and local networks across the country. As part UKCP Conference: of this, we are running a number of meetings: Regional connections. These Transforming Times: are free of charge to registrants. UKCP at the heart of the profession and As well as providing opportunities for in the wider world of the 21st Century networking with other psychotherapists from your region, these events offer the A day of Inquiry, fishbowl and open forum debate opportunity to take part in UKCP to co-ccreate our professional future consultations on the future role and shape of the organisation. Facilitated by Arlene Audergon and Jean-Claude Audergon Glasgow 15th November 2008 9:30 am to 5 pm 4th October University of Westminster, Programme: 309 Regents Street, London The Shape Development Process: a consultation workshop Facilitated by Mark Wehrly Dear Colleagues, (UKCP Company Secretary) and Tom Warnecke We are delighted to be a part of this gathering of psychotherapists and related (UKCP Vice Chair (Registrants) professionals from across the UK, and to be asked to help facilitate this event. Regional Perspectives - Psychotherapy in Scotland We see a chance for our diverse professional community to come together to talk Panel forum and plenary discussion about our shared purpose, our differences, our creative potential and future.We chaired by Mary MacCallum Sullivan anticipate a buzzing café atmosphere, a ‘gathering’ of communities from all corners of Regional Perspectives these islands, associated with psychotherapy, psychology and counseling professions. Small groups discussion Regional Connections - next steps Most of us are busy with our professional and personal lives, trying to find the time Panel forum and plenary discussion to stay in contact with our own friends and circle of colleagues.Yet it is rare to have Update on statutory regulation a sense of contact with the larger profession, or time to even stop to consider he and space for questions bigger issues of our field, how they affect us and what we contribute.This day looks like a chance for our colleagues everywhere to travel, gather, show their wares, meet old friends, form new relationships, and particularly to present and debate Manchester viewpoints on a range of serious issues affecting our profession – to give ourselves 25th October the chance to create our future, as a professional body (UKCP), and to look more Provisional programme: widely at the issues facing our profession. The Shape Development Process: a consultation workshop Whether you represent a particular school or approach, or come just for yourself, Facilitated by Mark Wehrly everyone is not only welcome , but needed.This will not be a conference made up (UKCP Company Secretary) of presentations and workshops. Rather, some of you will have been asked to offer and Tom Warnecke short presentations of five minutes on your views that are crucial to us as a (UKCP Vice Chair (Registrants) psychotherapy profession, and there will be opportunities for a large facilitated Regional Perspectives - Psychotherapy forum, as well as fishbowls, panels, and small groups. Before the end of the day, we in the North West will organise ongoing dialogue as needed, as well as practical follow up on the work Panel forum and plenary discussion that we do together. Regional Perspectives Small groups discussion Looking forward to ongoing dialogue and planning of this event with many of you, Regional Connections - next steps and meeting together in November. Please contact us with issues and opinion you Panel forum and plenary discussion want to see represented at the forum. Update on statutory regulation You can best reach us by email on [email protected] and space for questions Warmly Pre-booking for these events is essential, but can be done on-line: Arlene and Jean-Claude Audergon www.ukcp.org.uk or contact: [email protected] For further details and bookings: 020 7014 9966 www.ukcp.org.uk [email protected] 020 7014 9966

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the psychotherapist events

8th October - Leeds 17th - 19th October - Nottingham Overcoming depression in adolescents Certificate leading to a Diploma in Events and young people: Sexual Therapy Four weekend a CBT five areas approach workshops incorporating physiology, Oct/Dec - London (10-week course) 0113 305 5638 [email protected] relational psychology, psychotherapy and Understanding the emotional needs of www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk email: spirituality: Eileen Gill: 01159423154 care leavers Tavistock and Portman Heather Johnson-Hill: 0115 9417250 9th October - Leeds NHS Foundation Trust 020 8938 2548 [email protected] [email protected] Emotional Intelligence www.tavi-port.org/training How well do you manage yourself and 17th - 19th October - Manchester those around you? Where do I focus; panorama or close 1st - 3rd October - Manchester www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk up? (Di Adderley) Northern School of The principles and skills in using CBT [email protected] 0113 305 5638. Psychodrama: 01457 self-hhelp approaches The Royal College [email protected] of Psychiatrists: 020 7481 4842 11th October - London UKCP / Karnac Writers’ workshop 18th October - Islington, London N1 1st October - Leeds A workshop for UKCP registrants who How Not to Make a Thug: A Wealth of ILM Level 5 Certificate in coaching and want to write a book but need some Successful Interventions The Centre for mentoring in management advice, who have an idea for a book but Child Mental Health: 020 7354 2913 [email protected] 0113 305 5638 need help developing it further, or who www.childmentalhealthcentre.org www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk have written a dissertation and wonder 18th October - Bath if it could become a book. 2nd October - London Intersubjective vulnerability in the Bookings: 020 7014 9966 Lean and six sigma in mental health A therapeutic dialogue (Donna Orange) [email protected] practical guide: 02020 8541 1399 Bath Centre for Psychotherapy and More info: [email protected] [email protected] Counselling: 01225 429720 www.healthcare-events.uk 11th October - Battle, Kent [email protected] www.bcpc.org.uk Taking therapy outside 3rd October - London 18th October - Southampton Counselling and psychotherapy in the LSBP Diploma Course in Biodynamic Anger, Friend or Foe? (Henry Fryer) context of the outdoors: 07876 716700 Body Psychotherapy UKAHPP Workshop: www.ahpp.org [email protected] London School of Biodynamic 08457 660326 Psychotherapy 020 7263 4290 www.ecotherapy.org.uk 18th - 19th October - London [email protected] www.LSBP.org.uk 13th October - Manchester Creating a compelling and ethical Implementing the Mental Capacity Act 3rd October - Bromley, Kent marketing strategy for your practice in end-oof-llife care: 020 8541 1399 Transference/counter-ttransference: (Clare Jones) Chiron Centre for Body [email protected] working with there and then as it Psychotherapy 0208 997 5219 www.healthcare-events.uk presents in the here and now. [email protected] www.chiron.org [email protected] 15th October - London (also 16th Oct) 20th October - Wells, Somerset Sue: 01273 235232 Carol: 0208 402 6536 Levels of Interaction and Levels of The injured self Dealing with issues Language (Clover Southwell) 3rd-55th October - Newcastle-uupon-TTyne surrounding low self-esteem, self-injury London School of Biodynamic Safe work with trauma (Jenny Biancardi) and self- harm: www.Living-Change.co.uk Psychotherapy: 020 7263 4290 Northern School of Psychodrama [email protected] [email protected] www.LSBP.org.uk workshop: 01457 877161 Alison Leyland 01749 679866 [email protected] 15th October - London 24th October - London (eve) Implementing the new Mental Health 4th October - London Working with illness in counselling and Act in practice: 0208 541 1399 Healing parent-cchild relationships psychotherapy (Michael Soth) [email protected] The Centre for Child Mental Health: Who lives with the symptom? Who www.healthcare-events.uk 020 7354 2913 wants to get rid of it? Chiron Centre for www.childmentalhealthcentre.org 15th October - London Body Psychotherapy: 0208 997 5219 4th October - Glasgow Psychological therapies in primary care: [email protected] www.chiron.org increasing access, improving outcomes, Regional Connections UKCP Day 24th - 25th October - Brighton maintaining integrity: An open forum, with an update on Gestalt Therapy group Meets for 2 days 01474 326168 statutory regulation and a UKCP Shape quarterly: [email protected] [email protected] www.kca.org.uk Development consultation workshop: Sue: 01273 235232 Carol: 0208 402 Free on-line booking www.ukcp.org.uk 17th - 18th October - London 6536 [email protected] From baby to boardroom: 25th October - Manchester Anita 020 7014 9966 the tavistock-bick method of infant Regional Connections UKCP Day observation and its application:Tavistock 4th October - London (half day) An open forum, with an update on and Portman NHS Foundation Trust 020 How trauma affects us (Mark Brayne) statutory regulation and a UKCP Shape 8938 2548 [email protected] Working with treatments and techniques Development consultation workshop: www.tavi-port.org/conferences Coupleworks: 07884 064041 Free on-line booking www.ukcp.org.uk www.coupleworks.co.uk [email protected] Anita 020 7014 9966

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25th October - London 31st October - 1st November - London 10th November - Leeds Working with illness in counselling and Telling Stories Attachment based Optimising outcomes in depression An psychotherapy (Michael Soth) approaches to the treatment of psychosis interactive workshop with vignettes Bringing holistic-relational understanding Institute of Child Health: 020 7247 9101 (Professor Nicol Ferrier) to psychosomatic symptoms www.johnbowlbycentre.org.uk 0113 305 5638 [email protected] Chiron Centre for Body Psychotherapy: [email protected] www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk 0208 997 5219 [email protected] 1st November - Bromley, Kent 13th November - East Sussex www.chiron.org Working with shame CBT and the treatment of phobias (Dr 25th October - Herefordshire [email protected] Joshua Carritt-Baker) Requires a basic Opening the hidden door (Matthew Sue: 01273 235232 Carol: 0208 402 6536 knowledge of CBT 01892 655 195 Harwood) One-day Jungian workshop [email protected] 1st November - London on understanding dreams 01432 272170 Helping Children Speak About Feelings 14th November - London [email protected] The Centre for Child Mental Health: Domestic violence: responses for www.hereford-monmouth-jungians.org.uk 020 7354 2913 psychotherapists 07973 884 208 25th October - London www.childmentalhealthcentre.org www.partnerabuseinterventions.co.uk Why Winnicott? [email protected] 1st November - London The cultural and clinical uses of Psychophysical Integration (Brigitta 14th November - London Winnicott www.the-site.org.uk Mowat/Glen Park) UKAHPP Workshop: What really limits access? Exploring [email protected] 08457 660326 www.ahpp.org barriers to thinking and engaging with 25th - 26th October people with learning and complex 2nd November - London Moving with the spirit-mmind disabilities:Tavistock and Portman NHS Writer and literary critic Al Alvarez in principles and practice of family Foundation Trust:020 8938 2548 conversation with Ted Jacobs constellations (Karen Hedley) [email protected] www.connectingconversations.org Institute of Psychosynthesis professional www.tavi-port.org/conferences series: 020 8202 4525 3rd November - London 14th November - London www.psychosynthesis.org Measuring & monitoring outcomes in Transforming Times: UKCP at the mental health 020 8541 1399 26th October - London Heart of the Profession and in the [email protected] Working with illness in counselling and Wider World of the 21st Century www.healthcare-events.uk psychotherapy (Michael Soth) www.ukcp.org.uk Anita 020 7014 9966 Working with the transformative potential 4th November - London (6 x Tues am) [email protected] of the symptom: Chiron Centre for Body Biodynamic massage introductory 15th - 16th November - East Sussex Psychotherapy: 0208 997 5219 course London School of Biodynamic Introductory workshop to Transactional [email protected] www.chiron.org Psychotherapy: 020 7263 4290 Analysis (Joanna Beazley) 01892 655 195 [email protected] www.LSBP.org.uk 26th October - London [email protected] Ongoing monthly psychodrama therapy 5th November - Leeds 15th November - London group Phoenixpsychodrama: 07765 968361 ILM Level 5 Certificate in Coaching and How can I tolerate being the wounding www.phoenixpsychodrama.com Mentoring in Management 0113 305 healer? (Doron Levene) 5638 [email protected] 28th October - Brighton Chiron Centre for Body Psychotherapy: www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk Playful approaches to the serious 0208 997 5219 [email protected] problems of children, their families and 7th November - London www.chiron.org communities (David Epston) Domestic violence: responses for 15th November - London [email protected] psychotherapists 07973 884 208 Anger, Friend or Foe? (Henry Fryer) www.partnerabuseinterventions.co.uk 29th October - Brighton UKAHPP Workshop: [email protected] What is a good question? (David www.ahpp.org 08457 660326 Epston) Exploring the craft of narrative 7th November - Bromley, Kent 19th November - London (also 20th) enquiry [email protected] Gestalt Therapy group Meets approx. Reviewing the biodynamic principles and every 6 weeks [email protected] 31st October - London Sue: 01273 235232 Carol: 0208 402 6536 assessing the potential they offer (Elya Psychotherapy, medicine and the body: Steinberg) Alexis Brook Memorial Conference: 7th November - London London School of Biodynamic Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Has education lost its way? Tavistock Psychotherapy: 020 7263 4290 Trust:020 8938 2548 and Portman NHS Foundation Trust: [email protected] www.LSBP.org.uk [email protected] 020 8938 2548 [email protected] 20th November - London www.tavi-port.org/conferences www.tavi-port.org/conferences Patient Reported Outcome Measures 31st October - 1st November - London 8th - 9th November - London (PROMs) Making trauma therapy safer (Babette The diaphragm is the gateway to the A practical guide: 020 8541 1399 Rothschild) Chiron Centre for Body unconscious Introductory weekend [email protected] Psychotherapy: 0208 997 5219 workshop London School of Biodynamic www.healthcare-events.uk [email protected] www.chiron.org Psychotherapy: 020 7263 4290 [email protected] www.LSBP.org.uk

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21st November - London 30th November - East Sussex 20th - 22nd March - Newcastle What is challenging about cultural What goes wrong in relationships, Working therapeutically with anger diversity in CAMHS? understanding psychological games (John (Jenny Biancardi) Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Baxendale) 01892 655 195 Northern School of Psychodrama Trust:020 8938 2548 [email protected] Workshop: 01457 877161 [email protected] [email protected] 26th-228th November - London www.tavi-port.org/conferences The Principles & Skills in Using CBT 25th March - Leeds 21st November - London (eve) Self-hhelp Approaches ILM Level 5 Certificate in coaching and Exploring the mind in the body (Roz The Royal College of Psychiatrists: mentoring in management Carroll) Seminar 1: Development Date: 020 7481 4842 0113 305 5638 [email protected] Chiron Centre for Body Psychotherapy 6th December - London www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk 0208 997 5219 [email protected] New Light on the Dialogical UKAHPP www.chiron.org 27th March - Manchester Workshop: www.ahpp.org 08457 Psychosexual obsession: combating the 21st November - London 660326 Domestic violence: responses for stalker Preventative and case 14th December - London psychotherapists formulation techniques that enable the Ongoing monthly psychodrama therapy www.partnerabuseinterventions.co.uk professional to assess and manage risk, group Phoenixpsychodrama [email protected] plus victim care and safety management. www.phoenixpsychodrama.com Reduced fees for UKCP registrants 21st November - Manchester 07765 968361 [email protected] 07970 949082 Sexuality and mental illness 27th December - London 24th-226th April - Glasgow 5 CPD approved BASRT Adler's Life Tasks (Tony Williams) I won’t and you can’t make me! Reduced fee for UKCP registrants UKAHPP Workshop: www.ahpp.org weathering the storms of adolescence [email protected] 07970 949082 08457 660326 (Sandra Grieve) Northern School of 22nd November - London (morning) Psychodrama workshop: 01457 877161 Antidepressants - if psychotherapy was [email protected] available for everybody, would the NHS 2009 16th May - London still need them? (Sue Jenkins) Chiron 14th January - Leeds UKCP conference on Working with Centre for Body Psychotherapy: 0208 ILM Level 5 Certificate in coaching and gender and sexual minorities Organised 997 5219 mentoring in management in association with Pink Therapy. Details [email protected] www.chiron.org 0113 305 5638 [email protected] to be confirmed. 22nd November - London (half day) www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk 5th-77th June - Manchester Exploring the psychodynamics of shame 23rd January - Manchester Unravelling the mysteries of in clinical work (Ted Martin) Sexuality and mental illness relationships; MIND THE GAP! Coupleworks: 07884 064041 5 CPD approved BASRT (Dr Olivia Lousada) www.coupleworks.co.uk Reduced fee for UKCP registrants Northern School of Psychodrama 23rd November - London [email protected] 07970 949082 workshop: 01457 877161 Ongoing monthly psychodrama therapy 6th - 8th February - Edinburgh [email protected] group Don’t push the river: exploring group 3rd - 4th October - Leeds Phoenixpsychodrama: 07765 968361 process in action (Sandra Grieve) UKCP Psychotherapy with Children www.phoenixpsychodrama.com Northern School of Psychodrama conference. 27th November - East Sussex workshop: 01457 877161 Details to be confirmed. CBT and the treatment of panic [email protected] disorders (Dr Joshua Carritt-Baker) 11th February - Leeds For people with a basic knowledge of Advertising your event ILM Level 5 Certificate in coaching and To place a free event advertisement in CBT to learn more about the treatment mentoring in management of panic disorders: The Psychotherapist and on the UKCP 0113 305 5638 [email protected] website, download a form from the 01892 655 195 www.andrewsimscentre.nhs.uk [email protected] website www.ukcp.org.uk or e-mail a 27th February - 1st March - Manchester request for one to 29th November - East Sussex Transformation through psychodrama [email protected]. Giving and receiving recognition - (Jinnie Jefferies) the TA theory of strokes (John Northern School of Psychodrama Requests not sent in the correct format Baxendale) 01892 655 195 workshop: 01457 877161 will not be accepted. Events [email protected] [email protected] advertisements may be edited to fit available space. 29th November - London 14th March - London Positive Psychology: Introduction and Struggling with love and hate in the Advertisers seeking larger entries Clinical Applications (Yasmin Headley) therapeutic relationship www.integrative.com should place a display advertisement. 020 8452 9823 Details of charges and deadlines can be [email protected] www.bap-psychotherapy.org 0208 840 3937 found in the advertising pack, also found on the website.

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the psychotherapist work opportunities

Advertisements offering work opportunities for UKCP registrants are accepted free of charge for inclusion in The Psychotherapist.They are also added free of charge to the UKCP Freelance press release website, as this avoids the difficulty of writer for UKCP matching your advertisement with the publishing deadline. Are you a freelance writer Advertisements offering consulting with previous experience of rooms are also shown on the website, writing press releases? free of charge. Fee
based work is If you would like to advertise a vacancy available with UKCP – please or the availability of a consulting room, send your CV and work samples to please contact [email protected] [email protected]

Training in Child Psychotherapy and Psychotherapist Counselling Band 6, up to £32,653 Child Development Trainer + high cost supplement pro rata Part-time, 7.5 hours per week, Terapia is a training organisation providing MA and permanent contract Diploma courses in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy You will join a multi-disciplinary community team for adults with and Counselling leading to UKCP registration. learning disabilities, made up of health clinicians and social workers. The psychotherapy service has been established for more We are looking for a trainer to teach Child Development than twelve years and is developing further in the Harrow Learning module from an integrative perspective. We have an Disability Team. established teaching programme, but would be willing to You will be responsible, with colleagues, for providing a high quality specialist psychotherapeutic service, including brief (3 - 6 support a new trainer in developing their own programme, month) and longer term (2 - 3 year) psychotherapy. You will be part providing it is true to Terapia's model of integration. of a unique psychology team comprising clinical psychologists, psychotherapists and a psychosexual therapist. We are looking for an experienced and creative trainer We offer high quality clinical supervision, separate line management with group facilitation skills to become a permanent and peer support in this innovative and progressive service. You will member of Terapia's teaching staff. need to be registered as a psychotherapist (UKCP or equivalent) and have experience and understanding of people with learning disabilities. Excellent rates of pay. Evening and daytime work. For an informal discussion, please contact Mark Linington, Psychotherapist or Asha Desai, Consultant Clinical Psychologist on We are based in North West London, a short walk from 020 8424 1019. Hendon Central Underground Station on Northern Line, Application packs and further information can be downloaded from Edgware Branch. the NHS Jobs web site at www.jobs.nhs.uk quoting ref no: AS/093/PSY.We look forward to hearing from you. To apply send you CV and full details to: Women, people with disabilities and people from BME Terapia PO Box 25295 London N12 9YQ backgrounds are under represented in this service and are or email to:[email protected] positively encouraged to apply. For further information visit our website: Closing date: 13th October 2008. www.terapia.co.uk or phone on 0208 2016101 Harrow PCT is an Equal Opportunities Employer

34 www.ukcp.org.uk The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:15 Page 35

the psychotherapist continuing professional development

Diploma in Clinical Supervision and Consultancy

February – December 2009, Central London

A high-quality integrative course over 20 days, monthly at weekends, this is a professional training in therapeutic supervision for working with individuals or groups. • History, philosophy Designed for counsellors, and practice of supervision psychotherapists and those in • Process of integrative practice the helping professions already • The supervisor and supervisee supervising or those planning to relationship start supervision practice. There • Gestalt, CBT, psychoanalytic, is no requirement to be transpersonal, existential and supervising currently – although systemic models • Ethics, legal dimensions, this is welcomed. monitoring good practice • Power and control issues Our experienced team of • Over- and under-nurturing supervision trainers comprises: • Sexuality, gender and transcultural joint course directors Bernd Leygraf issues and Judi Keshet-Orr, along with • Tensions in fee setting and charging Ernesto Spinelli, Darian Leader, • Contracting and ending Anita Sullivan, Richard Simpson and Jinny Fisher. The integrative syllabus embraces varied stances and modalities in The training focuses on competence an environment where theoretical in and considerations specific to differences or similarities are supervision, including: acknowledged and encouraged.

Please see the full course description at www.counselling.org

To discuss your interest or to receive the course literature, information on fee instalments or an application form, THE please contact Sarah Briggs, GROVE Director, on 07973 368512 Counselling and PsychotherapyPsychotherapy or email [email protected] in the heart of London

The Psychotherapist 35 The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:16 Page 36

the psychotherapist continuing professional development

Professional Liability Insurance for UKCP Members Towergate Professional Risks offers competitive Policy includes cover for: rates on Professional Liability Insurance for • Professional indemnity UKCP members. The cover is provided by AXA, • Public liability giving you the peace of mind of dealing with • Products liability an established, stable insurer. • Libel & slander

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Or call us on: 0113 391 9565 (Mon – Fri, 8:30am – 5:30pm) Towergate Lloyd & Whyte is a trading name of Towergate Underwriting Group Limited Towergate Professional Risks is a trading name of Towergate Underwriting Group Limited Registered Office: Towergate House, 2 County Gate, Staceys Street, Maidstone, Kent ME14 1ST. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority

36 www.ukcp.org.uk The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:16 Page 37

the psychotherapist continuing professional development

Directorship for Sale 1/3 share of successful central London private psychotherapy, counselling practice and training organisation. Reliable flow of high fee referrals for your own clinical work and income. Additional profit generated by consistent team of associate therapists and training courses. Established since 1993 in West End, with dominant web presence. Expansion opportunity building on recent growth. For further information, contact Jinny Fisher at [email protected] or 07765 068 462

To advertise in The Psychotherapist contact [email protected] 020 7014 9955 37 The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:18 Page 38

Looking for a better deal on your Professional Liability Insurance? Cut out now and compare our prices at renewal time…

If you are UKCP registered and practise psychotherapy and counselling (including training and supervision in these activities): LIMIT OF INDEMNITY £1.5m £ 3m £ 5m Premium 51.43 61.43 101.43 Insurance premium tax (5%) 2.57 3.07 5.07 Administration Fee 9.00 9.00 9.00 Total amount payable £ 63.00 £ 73.50 £ 115.50

CONDITIONS You are an individual (or a sole trader Limited Company with a turnover of less than £100,000) practising from a UK base and appropriately qualified to practise (or on an approved training course leading to a recognised relevant qualification). You have not had previous insurance declined, not had any liability claims made against you and are not aware of any circumstances which may give rise to a claim against you. Prices correct at time of publication.

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Howden Insurance Brokers Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority (Firm Reference Number 312584) and is a subsidiary of the Howden Broking Group Limited, part of the Hyperion Insurance Group, winners of a Queen’s Award for Enterprise in 2007. The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:18 Page 39

the psychotherapist continuing professional development

Established in 1976, Spectrum was one of the first centres in the UK specialising in the practice, training and development of humanistic psychology. Our Continued Professional Development programme (C.P.D.) includes workshops and training programmes in:

Working with couples Formative psychology classes Leading groups Dreams and the body Action techniques in therapy Anger in the therapy room Developing clinical skills Process-Oriented Coaching Sexual development Gestalt therapy

Spectrum also offers a full personal development programme. Application guidelines are available for our One Year Course in Psychotherapy and our Counselling Course

To request a brochure : Visit www.spectrumtherapy.co.uk, call 020 8341 2277 or write to us at Spectrum, 7 Endymion Rd, London N4 1EE.

New Supervision Course for Psychoanalytic Psychotherapists An innovative one year training from a pluralist perspective, organised The Guild of Psychotherapists around 7 Saturdays beginning February 2009. In-depth discussion of was founded in 1974. We offer different theories of transference, ethics and boundaries. We also explore the a pluralistic psychoanalytic impact of class, culture and sexual identity in different supervisory settings. training where students are Emphasis on developing practitioners’ own unique style of work. Suitable introduced to a rich diversity for experienced supervisors and more recently qualified clinicians. We may of theories, and encouraged be able to help students find supervisees. Leads to BAPPS registration. to think critically. This includes recognising both Training in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy the historical context in which The Guild accepts trainees from diverse backgrounds, valuing life theories have developed experience as well as academic qualifications. Applicants are required and the ethnocentric, to be in psychoanalytic therapy at least twice weekly. Seminars are held gender and anti-homosexual over a four year period on Wednesday evenings at The Guild’s premises ideology which may be in SE1. Some student loans are available. Applications accepted for present within them. October 2009, closing date April 2009. Leads to UKCP registration. The Guild’s community-based clinic offers psychotherapy For further information and application forms please contact to Southwark, Lambeth The Guild of Psychotherapists, 47 Nelson Square, London SE1 0QA and Lewisham residents t. 020 7401 3260 on low incomes. e. [email protected]

To advertise in The Psychotherapist contact [email protected] 020 7014 9955 39 The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:19 Page 40 The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:21 Page 41

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To view the full list of Special Needs Education Journals published by Routledge please visit: www.educationarena.com The Psychotherapist_issue39_master.qxp 03/09/2008 14:21 Page 42