RESEARCH JOURNAL OF EARLY ViTESTERN MAILS

VOLUME XIX NO. II Western Cover Society APRIL 1969

Express Territorial

Ocean Mail Statehood

Overland Postal Rates

Post Offices Postal History

CONTENTS

Editor's Comer ...•.....•...... •.....•..•...... 1

Membership Changes ...... 2

Treasurer's Report .•...... •...... 3

Was There A Post Office Known As Lake Bigler 1 Cal? •... 4-7 By W. Scott Polland

The Hidden Number - ByGaspare Signorelli 8- 9

Contents Of A Letter From Kansas Territory 10-13 By James W. Milgram, M.D. Notes On The Post Offices Of Lawrence County ..•..•.. 14-19

South Dakota 1 Part 2 - By William F. Rapp 1 Jr. Territorial Times - Colorado Territory Postmaster' 20-29 Compensation (Cont'd) - By David L. Jarrett

Contents Of A Letter From Burns Creek 1 California 30-31 By Fred E . Starr

A Group Of British Columbia Expresses 32-36 By A. Jay Hertz

Auction Action - By N. Leonard Persson ...... •...•. 37-41

Advertisements ..•...••..•...••..•.•.••..•....•••.. 42- 44

PLEASE ADDRESS all communications intended ·tor WESTERN EXPRESS to the Editor, M. C. Nathan, 94 Biscayne Drive, San Rafael, California 94901. Advertising copy and payment therefore should also be sent to the editor, but inquiries regarding membership should be sent to M. C. Nathan, Jr., Room 1010, 9 Sutter Street, San Francisco, California 94104. WESTERN EXPRE SS -APRIL 1969 Page 1 ------

EDITOR'S CORNER

We are receiving some fine "Contents of the Letter" material, for which we are grateful. Our members are c onstantly asking for more , so please continue to send them in to us .

I t is with much regret that we are losing the regular services of Dave Jarrett as associate editor. His articles and pict ures in "Territorial Times" have been one of the high lights of e very i ssue of Western Express. He stat es that he has run out of material but wi ll continue to give us an article o nce a year for the January issue . Will some one I well versed in the collec ting of territorial covers, volun­ teer to come forth as the next a ssociate editor for "Territoria l Times." The editor will be ever grateful. In the meantim0 , thanks again a re due to Dave for the high s t andard that he set.

We dislike having to be constantly reminding our members about changes of ad­ dress . We send Western Express by fourth class mail to keep e xpenses down. When an issue is returned we gua rantPe the returned postage (which i s the same as that sent out) and then send it again if the new address is shown on the re­ turned copy. Fourth class mail cannot be forwarded, even next door, so it costs us triple postage a nd often mon" posta ge to verify the new address , besides de lay getting the issue to yo u. PLEASE notify the editor promptly of a change of address .

Another important reminde r is the necP.ssity of getting new me mbers. Some of us older birds cannot go on forever - re place me nts are important for continued exist­ e nce of our Society. Then too, we need ne w ideas - new blood can often furnish it.

We understand a group of our members have been holding informal sessions in the Los Angeles area for quite some time . If a nyone is interested in meeting with

th e group we suggest they contact our Vice -President, Robert Myerson 1 928 Towne Avenue, Los Ange les , Ca. 90021. Th e y say he sells ca ndy as a side line or will trade it for covers.

The re cent Siegel sale of the Clifford collection of principa lly e xpress covers brought over $80,000 gross . Rare and very fine material brought new highs. This certainly forebodes what can be expecte d in the future. If demand for these covers continues to grow in the future as it has in the past, todays prices will seem cheap. This is so because the supply is limited and getting more so while the . number of collectors are constantly increasing . New finds of old material are few a nd far between and are gobbled up quickly. Very fine and rare western cove rs ar~ truly gems of philately. WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 2 ------

MEMBERSHIP CHANGES

NEW MEMBERS

#=524 Henry E. Kuehl, Box 187, Fulton, Ill. 612 52 Collects western h i storical ite ms, M i ssissi ppi river boats and railroad express covers. #=525 Gordon A. Fisk, 1000 Ho'.Tlestea d Ave . , Walnut Creek, Ca. 94598 Collects Mother Lode town covers. #= 526 Len J . Mason, 1833 Dona ld Circle, Boise, Idaho 83 706 Collects Expre ss, towns, territorials, railroads, e tc .

RE-INSTATED TO MEMBERSHIP

#=483 John J. Fendrick, 4 5 Collier Circle, Ridley Park, Pa. 19078

RESIGNATIONS

#257 W . H . Edwa rds #=465 Vernon L. Ardiff

CHANGES OF ADDRESS

#=138 John L. Norbeck, 5828 Halifax Ave., So. Minneapolis, Mi nn. 55424 #=148 Lee Gilbert , 150 Nassau St., New York, N . Y. 10038 #=243 Bennett Levinson, 6333 E. Liberty, Fresno, Ca. 93727 #=391 Milton A. Roloff, 2722 Kinney Drive, Walnut Creek, Ca, 94595 #=406 E . Murray Todd, 41 East 42nd St . , Ne w York, N . Y. 10 017 #458 Richard C . Wilkerson, 1308 - 5th Ave . , San Francisco, Ca. 94122 #= 463 David R. Silberman, 3174 Montpelier Court , Pleasanton, Ca . 94566 #480 Maj. Neil C. Schroeder, 6262 E. Calle Silvora, Tucson, Ariz. 857ll #481 Lt. Col. Wm. T . Haye s, Jr. Det. 10, Pac ARRC, APO San Francisco, 96324 #506 Ed Evans, 3421 Geary St., San Francisco, Ca 94118

NECROLOGY

Our since re sympathy to the families of:

#105 Ma uri c e C . Blake and #412 Ce cil L. Herzberger WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 3 ------

TREASURER'S ANNUAL REPORT

Cash on Hand, January 1, 1969 ...... ··. · ···· · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · $1,313.42

Receipts January 1 - December 31, 1968: Dues {current)...... $2,52 0. 00 Dues {1969)...... 726.00 S3,246.00 Advertising (current) .. $ 117. 50 Advertising (1969) . . . . 160. 00 2 77. 50 Donations ...... 544. 50 Sales of Western Express ...... 45.00 Interest on savings account ...... 32.00 4,145.00 Total Funds Available $5,458.42 Expenditures Western Express, publishing & mailing $3,258.87 WESTPEX '68- 3rd General Assembly. 130.50 Secretary's expenses - Postage ....• 60.00 Treasurer's expenses ...... 48.34 Miscellaneous ...... 40.75 $3,538.46 Cash on Hand December 31, 1968 $1,919.96

Everett C. Erle, Treasurer * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Following is the list of Patron 1 Sustaining and Donating Members reported by the Treasurer as of March 15, 1969:

PATRON MEMBERS

J. David Baker Gerard P. Koch W. Scott Polland 1 M.D. Henry H. Clifford John Leutzinger David Silberman Mrs. Robert H. Geer, Jr . Mel C. Nathan, Jr . Frank A. Zid Harry Gray Basil C. Pearce SUSTAINING MEMBERS

S. M. Arnold Robson Lowe Oscar Salzar David T. Beals, III Howard A. Mader William H. Semsrott Dr. W. Bilyew G. Wm . Magladry I M.D. Gerald B. Smith, M.D. Frank Burns Philip T. Manly Jack E. Stucky, M.D. Robert A. Hanson Percy Murray E. Murray Todd S. L. Herbruck Robert Myerson Elmer T. Tvedt I Herman Herst Jr . Frank Q. Newton 1 Jr. John G. Tyler John C. Juhring N. Leonard Persson Irwin R. Vogel A. Murl Kimmel H. M. Pierce C. A. Whittlesey Everett Lampson George N. Ponnay Al Zimmerman Robert Lewenthal Marden Ross

HONORARY MEMBERS

Roy S. Bloss Sheldon H. Goodman Dr. W. Terrentine Jackson Mel C . Nathan Note: In addition to dues a substantial contribution was again given by Gerard P. Koch. Thank you Sir, it is greatly appreciated by all. WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 4 ------

WAS THERE A POST OFFICE KNOWN AS LAKE BIGLER, CAL?

By W. Scott Polland, M.D.

Illustrations #I -IV show manuscript post office markings of Lake Bigler, Cal dur­ ing the period 1862 - 1864 . These were apparently accepted as genuine by receiv­ ing post offices of this period . I have seen about ten such covers with this mark. However, as far as I know, there is no official record of such a post office either in Fricks tad's "A Century of California Post Offices" or in Fricks tad and Thrall's "A Century of Nevada Post Offices . " Apparently this post office was never listed in the official records at Washington, D.C. , nor can I find it in the unofficial Business Directorys of this period.

ILLUSTRATION #I - COLLECTION OF ROBERT A HANSON

. ,r:;.. t~ff

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ILLUSTRATION #II - COLlECTION OF BASIL C. PEARCE

' .• WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 5 ------LAKE BIGLER, CAL (Cont'd)

ILLUSTRATION #III - COLLECTION OF BASIL C. PEARCE

ILLUSTRATION #IV - COLLECTION OF ROBERT A HANSON

The official map maker of California gave to what is now known as Lake Tahoe, the name Lake Bigler in honor of the third governor of California. In 18611 in an attempt to give this beautiful and charming lake a more appropriate name I William Henry Knight compiled a map of the Pacific States which was published by the Bancroft Publishing House in San Francisco, and in which Lake Bigler had been changed to Lake Tahoe. Knight obtained the approval of the Land Office at Wash­

ington 1 and the new name appeared on their subsequent maps for the Department of Interior. However, the California legislature oblivious to the popular acceptance of the name "Tahoe" legalized "Bigler" in 1870, and the act oddly enough was not repealed until 1943. Hence the confusion of the proper name for this lake in the 1860-1880 period.

In order to try and locate the most likely area in which a "Lake Bigler" post office could exist, I have tried to go over the various areas around the lake, historically and geographically. In the 1860's there were no known places of population on the west side of the lake. The only possible place could be Tahoe City which had a post office in 1871, but really did not exist in the early 60's. WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 6 ------LAKE BIGLER, CAL (Cont'd) On the south end of the lake is Lake Valley which was once known as "Valley of Bigler". George H. Goddard, head of the California - Utah boundary survey party in 1855 so described this valley 1 and the vast lake which spread before it . How­ ever I the white man's discovery of Lake Valley is credited to Johnson of Johnson's Ranch above Hangtown (Placerville) I who found this valley, between the eastern and western mountain ranges . This eventually became the main trail to the Nevada mines.

In 1857 Crandall established his "Pioneer Stage Line" through thi s area . In 1858 'Yanks Station" was established by Ephram "Yank" Clement, and in 1861 a post office was established here . In De cember 1863 i t was changed in name to Taho. However I none of these stations were really on the lake. Yanks Station became one of the famous stop overs on the "Bonanza Road" to Washoe, but it never was known as Lake Bigler. Eventually it was sold to Dudley Meyer and became Meyer's station.

Several miles north of this s tation a number of habitations developed 1 because of the improvement up Daggett Ravine (later Kingsbury grade) to the Washoe mi nes. In the spring of 1859 on the lake' one half mile north east of where the Upper Truckee enters in to the lake, construction of Lake Bigler House was begun. It was the first recorded hotel on the shores of the lake. This could have had a post office called Lake Bigler. However, the owners of this hotel were strongly sympathetic to the Union cause, and in the summer of 1861, because "Honest John Bigler" had leaned closer and closer to the Confederacy, and therefor had besmirched the water of this great lake, they decided the appellation Bigler would have to be changed. After learning that Tahoe meant "Big Water" they declared the lake's name to be Tahoe . They later persuaded the people of the out let of the lake to call their village Tahoe City . Apparently the waters were too pure to have the name Bigler. Eventually Lake Bigler House was called Al Tahoe.

Going north from AI Tahoe one comes soon to Lakeside, later Stateline (1901). It was during this period 1860-1864 that the border dispute between California and Nevada was taking place, and no one was sure whether a border town was in Nevada or California. Many areas now in Nevada were at one time considered in California and vice versa. Because it was called Lake Bigler 1 Cal., did not mean that it would, after the boundary was settled, end in California.

Just north of Lakeside was Edgewood 1 better known as Friday's Station. Here the Kingsbury toll road took off eastward to Washoe . Here was a "home station" for the Pony Express 1 as well as other traffic over this grade. This was a very import­ ant stopping area, but was never known as Lake Bigler 1 Cal . In 1862 the Lake Tahoe Wagon Toll Road was completed . This gradually became the great road over which most of the traffic went by Upper Glenbrook Meadow down Clear Creek or Kings Canyon to Carson City. Although several hotels fronted on this road, by far the most important was the Glen Brook House at the head of Glen Brook Meadow. With the formation of the Lake Bigler (Tahoe) Lumber Company in the summer of 1861, Glenbrook became a large lumbering center, the products of which were hauled to Carson City, where there was tremendous building activity as a re­ sult of the discovery of the Comstock. It is reasonable to suppose that the area on the Lake where there was a large s team powered mill, a developing town, and later WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page 7

LAKE BIGLER, CAL (Cont'd)

a second hotel, would need postal service 1 and yet there is no record of a post office until August 7, 1871. This was listed as Lake Tahoe, and later became on August 16, 1872, Glenbrook .

Figure # V shows a Wells Fargo envelope with a Dayton, Nevada cancellation and addressed to Glenbrook House 1 Lake Bigler, Nevada, the usage being in the 1864- 1870 peri od. Does anyone have any other philatelic opi nion or knowledge con­ cerning this interesting postmark?

ILLUSTRATION #V - COLLECTION OF ROBERT A HANSON Page 8 WESTERN------EXPRESS------APRIL------1969------

THE HIDDEN NUMBER By Gaspare Signorelli

Seldom does a week pass that we don't read about a nother theft in the philatelic world. Yet if these thefts did not occur, as we say, close to home, like the writer, many of us tend to ignore them because they have developed into near common occurences. Perhaps, before proceeding with this article, we should explain our use of the term "close to home? 11 We prefer to use it when a very close friend, a close relative, or the writer himself falls victim to a theft . Well it has hit "close to home" for, on the evening of February 7th, our very close friend and fellow WESTERN COVER SOCIETY member, Mr. Emanuel G . Brooks, of the Brooks Stamp Company, was the victim of an armed robbery during busi ness hours . Although this robbery occurred in a shop located in Brooklyn, New York , it will no doubt effect many of our WCS members. Th i s was made obvious by Mr . Brooks when he revealed that, among other things, the two masked robbers took a box containing over 690 lots from h i s February 21st mail sale. Among these 690- plus lots were territorial, western, ship, stampless, and other scarce and desire­ able covers, many of which the writer and other WCS members showed a keen interest in. Now the question arises, w hat will happen to these covers ? Will they find their way into a dealer, or dealer's stocks? Will they pass into private collections? Will they be destroyed? The hope i s that they don't suffer the latter fate .

It took thi s jolt to finally awaken the writer to the fact that it could happen again,

perhaps next time much 1 much "closer to home. II What a horrible heart-stabbing feeling to think of all my Indian Territory covers being stolen then dumped into a furnace because the thief knew nothing a bout them . But there is always t he possibility stolen covers might be offered to a dealer or collector. It is this latter possibility that prompted the writer to undertake the following task.

With the aid of a ball-point pen, the following number 1 WCS4 55 1 will be lightly written on the inside back portion of every cover (envelope) in his collection. The number will also be applied to a corner inside the first fold of his fol ded letters, and to new additions to the collection . This number, which is the writer's WESTERN COVER SOCIETY membership n umber (the "WCS" so indicates), will serve to help dealers and collectors to identify s tolen material if they are not ified of the theft, and advised where to look for the number.

It is NOT wise however, to make any mention of the existence of such a hidden number when reporting a theft to the various non-society publications. The reason is obvious since such philatelic publications reach both the honest and d ishonest. The existence of a number should be made known to fellow society members as i s being done here , and confidentially in let ters to as many dealers as possible if a theft occurs.

When a cover is traded or sold to another collector, the h i dden number should not be crossed out or removed, but the new owner 's number added. This will help trace the cover if it is lost or stolen. Crossing out the previous owner's number might lead t o some suspicion if the second owner decides to dispose of the item . WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page 9

THE HIDDEN NUMBER (Cont 'd)

Writing your WCS membe rshi p number inside a cover will, in no way, subtract from its va l ue . While ma ny of us do have our holdings insured against theft, the re is a pos sibility that the hidden number might prove to be most va luable by identifying something no amount of money can replace ..... your stole n collection.

Pe rhaps other concerned me mbe rs have ide as or solutions about this ever-increas­ ing theft proble m? If so, why not share it with the rest of us?

While us c over co llectors a tte mpt to solve a serious problem with the he lp of a ball-point pen and hidde n numbers, think about that fe llow or gal who collects those MINT with 0. G. -unhinged things----- WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 10 ------

CONTENTS OF A LETTER FROM KANSAS TERRITORY By James W. Milgram, M . D.

r ... - .... ._....._ .....--._, .. ,__ .,. .. --·--,..-.--.. _.,..., __..,...__ ..... Yt._ • _.. ___..._...... _.,..,..,., ....,..~.. --~ ..., . f . . .,. ... ' • ~~ { '

" ..

Bacheller K. T. Aug. 27, 1859 Dear Brother:

The long delayed letter is at last commenced & I'll try & describe to you as brief­ ly as possible some of the inCidents of my journey on foot from Leavenworth to

this place , or rather to Lamoille. After arranging my trunk looking things over 1

taki ng out what I wanted returning others &c 1 I started out 1 valise in hand. I passed up through the business portion of town & out into the suberbs & lo!

multitude s of men 1 like swarms of locusts 1 were every where about me . Dirty 1 ragged & uncouth they were: presenting nearer the appearance of a n undisiplined army of semi- barbarians than of civilized man & citizens of the United States.

Away t o the right stretched a shrubby field 1 whitened by the countless tents pitch­ ed upon it, tents that retained far more of their original purity & neatness than the beings for whom they served as a shelter: notwithstanding the rough & dirty manner in which they had been handled. In addition to the filthy fierceness of manner dis­

cernable in the men (to say nothing of the women) each one carried by his side 1 or

rather at his back 1 bowie knife or revolver, & many of them both. The manner of wearing the pistol or knife is to have it attached to a belt so as to hang over a man's thigh behind. WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page ll ------CONTENTS OF A LETTER FROM KANSAS TERRITORY (Cont 'd)

This was a sight to which I was not accustomed, & the thought at once took posses­ sion of my mind that I was not suitably equipped for undertaking the journey with such men for fellow travellers. So after considering the matter for awhile, I talked about it, went downtown to a cutlery store & purchased me a delicate little friend not much compared with the great cut-throat blades of the rabble, some of them as big, but not quite as long, as that great butcher knife that Newboys used to have, but still, as large as I would wish to have used about my person, yes, larger.

I then went back to the hotel where I left my trunk & changed my suit for the coarsest I had, boots & all . This I found a good arrangement in the end, for another reason than the one which induced the change: for had I worn my new boots they would have been nearly if not quite minced, & my feet likewise, before I got halfway through, although they are the easiest & best fitting boots I have ever had. But for such a journey in this country one wants boots shaped to usage to his feet.

Thus equipped, I again set out, this time to turn not back. I passed out through the suberbs & down through what is termed "Government Lane" (where the road passes through the government farms) & over a hill, & the city of Leavenworth was left behind. It is now a flourishing city- but its future hangs upon a very brittle thread. Just before I ascended safd hill I stopped a few moments in the shade when a man came along on horseback & enquired the way to Ft. Riley. One road turned to the right, another to the left: One Man told him the left hand road was the one he should take, I told him I was bound for that place, but should take the o pposite road: he & the other man might go, one or both of them whichever way they pleased. He concluded to go my way.

A few miles from town we passed a number of waggons camped off t o the right be­ longing to Majors & Russell. (You have read in the Tribune of the arrival of Majors & Russells Express trains from Santa Fe, Salt Lake &c They are engaged in haul­ ing provisions &c to Government Posts all the way between the Missouri River & California).

All along the road was lined with Pike Peakers: some with horses, mules or oxen & waggons & some on foot with a few day's stock of provisions in their hands or slung acrcs s their backs, but i nvariably with the knife or pistol suspended to the belt . One company of foot fellows had some bars of lead in their hands for minning minnie balls, & one of them had some balls done up in a paper & it broke open & spilled them out. While they were picking them up we passed on & saw no more of them.

I say we for the man on horseback seemed inclined to keep me company. His horse was lame so that he would not go faster than a man on foot. He was bound for California, was expecting to meet the company to which he belonged, with a drove of 6 or 800 cattle at Ft. Riley. We travelled that day about 23 miles: put up_at_ night at a hotel: had tea, bacon & bread & molasses for supper & about the same for breakfast. Just before we reached town we passed a camp of gold hunters: my friend tried to get a chance to stay with them. That night we slept, four of us in the same room, on the floor. I put my watch & purse under my pillow & my knife under one side of the bed so that in case it was needed it would be handy. The next morning I paid my bill "six bits" or 7 5 cts. & started on. "Puddie 's" horse was better & WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 12 ------CONTENTS OF A LETTER FROM KANSAS TERRITORY (Cont'd) he went on his way to "Fort Riley" leaving me in company with a chubby, fatfaced dutchman. Whether he ever found his way to said Ft. Riley I have never been able to learn, but consider it somewhat doubtful, indeed I have my doubts in re­ gard to his ever finding "Winchester" where we spent the night, had he been alone. And yet he seemed to have been about the world considerably: but he evidently thought that when he left Leavenworth he was out of the world, & was continuously in fear of getting lost. But Dutchy has a brother somewhere up this way & had a slip of paper on which were written the names of the places by the way: & he thought he knew pretty much the whole story. He had a bottle of "Viskey" along & a couple of loaves of stale bakers bread: & he was contented. About 3 miles beyond W r we passe d Hickory Point, the place where Old Brown gi ve the Border Ruffians "fits" at the time when he & his party were taken prisoners by the U.S. troops, when Lane fled the territory & the Missourians were disbanded by Turner.

I naither recollected the occurrence nor recognized the name as we passed, or would have examined the premises. Tis said that the log house where the Ruffians were quartered bears marks of pretty hard usage in the line of bullet holes &c. All that morning, until about noon, we found no water except well water. About noon before entering Osawkie we found a creek where we stopped & "washed our feet" & eat our luncheon. One of my toes was blistered a little 1 but not seriously: while there was a blister on one of Dutchy's feet as big as the palm of my hand. I washed my feet twice the day before: perhaps he had washed his in the past month I perhaps not. At any rate he did not the day before 1 & had not thought of doing so as a preventive of blistering. We then went into town & got a glass of lemonade & went on. All the way we were continually passing teams I some of them loaded with provisions & mining implements 1 while the men travelled on foot I others nearly destitute of both but loaded with lazy men, & perhaps women. During Wed­ nesday & Thursday I pas sed about 45 teams & probably 300 men, bound for the Peak . Tuesday night we spent in Kansiopolis "someday to be the capital of Kansas" as its high sounding name signifies: which city consists of 2 or 3 miserable old houses scarcely fit for pig-pens. The one where we spe.nf. the night was occupied by an old Dutchy & family. Chum doubtless considered himself made, but I endured it 1 how I can hardly tell. He would have eaten supper 1 but I would not. We stopped at a "Pikes Peak grocery" about 5 oclock & took a bite & I preferred to make that last me till we could get into Indianola the next morning. Towards evening, we saw Topeca off at the left. It lies nearly opposite Indianola across the river d

In the morning we paid the old man a "bit" a piece for lodging & went on to Ind. a mile ahead where I called for breakfast. Chum partook of the contents of his satchel viz. stale bread & "viskey" But ach a breakfast. It came the nearest to turning my stomach of any thing I have eaten in Kansas. The bread would answer a good

purpose to double up two four yoke teams if one happened to get stuck 1 & fried cakes were too 1 except that in either case they might want some stretching: there would be no danger of its breaking. And then every thinglooked so awful nasty.

But it had to pass. By the by 1 the afternoon previous 1 by limping along to favor my blistered toe, I lamed one knee so that it was with some difficulty that I got along, thought perhaps I would have to take the stage this morning at Ind. but it was gone

before I got around I & so I hobbled on. After a while I got limbered up & got on WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page 13 ------CONTENTS OF A LETTER FROM KANSAS TERRITORY (Cont 'd) finely. Just before we reached Silver Lake near the eastern border of the Indian reservation I saw a two horse team coming towards us. The driver had on an India rubber- Overcoat & was standing up in his waggon. When within 30 or 40 rods of us he spoke to his horses "gG on there". The sound of that voice was like an electric shock: it went all through me & in a moment more I clasped the hand of our good old friend A. B. Whiting. Had I met him the day before I would have gone back with him but we did not think would hardly pay now. So after a good long chat we started on, he towards Leavenworth & I after Dutchy.

You will recollect or mother will, that I asked her to put into my trunk that little tin cup of yours or Johnnys I don't recollect which, and did it ever occur to you what I wanted it for? I thought it would be a capital thing to carry along for a drink­ ing cup while travelling over the prairies, & I was well paid for my forethought. Sometimes I would have to go five or six miles in the hot sun & a dusty road (as hard as a pavement ··without a drop of water & when we found some at last it was sometimes very difficult to get at without a dish of some kind. At this time after leaving Silver Lake we went 6 miles without a drop of water, over a country almost as level as a lake, we could see the road for the whole distance for six miles, It is the most level place I have seen in_ Kansas. When at last we found water it was almost sickening, it was so warm. I had been telling Dutchy whenever he complain­ ed of the water not being good, that it was wet. This time as I applied a cup full to my lips & took a swallow into my mouth, I dashed the cup & its contents from me in disgust. Chum looked up in innocent surprise for a moment & then seeming to comprehend the matter, he quizzed out while a funny twinkle glistened in his eye: "i sh is vet"? to which I replied in the affirmative, & as I couldn't do any better, took another drink. All day this day except three miles in the morning we were in the Indians country where no white man is allowed to settle unless he is connected either by blood or by marriage with them. At night we stopped with tired legs & hungry stomachs at the house of a Frenchman with a half breed squaw for a wife. Had a first rate supper & breakfast to Slept on the floor again. Goodbye for the pre sent George WESTERN EXPRE SS -APRIL 1969 Page 14 ------

NOTES ON THE POST OFFICES OF LAWRENCE COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA Part 2 By William F . Rapp, Jr .

In the April 1968 issue of Western Express 1 Part 1 of this study was published . Additional data relative to the postal history is presented in this article. The postal history of this area appears to be a never ending study and the more one digs the more information comes to light.

Lawrence County is a n interesting area of South Dakota as over the years many socioeconomic changes have taken place . At various times mining 1 lumbering 1 and tourists have been the principa l business of the area. Each of these busi­ ness periods have seen post offices established to serve th ese needs of the people a nd that special business e ra. As the various business eras came to an end so did the post offices which had been established to serve that era .

The following is a list of 19th century post offices which were established and operated prior to 1900. A few of these post offices were established in Lawrence County and were later moved to another county.

BEND

established: August 2 5 1 1886

Postmaster: Mary L. Howe 1 1887-1891 moved to Meade County in 1891 BIG BOTTOM established: 1883 Postmasters: W. C. Pryor 1883-85 S. M. Southmeyd 1885-91 moved to Meade County in 1891

South Dakota Name Places, Volume 4 (1940), page 44 states that Big Bottom was founded in 1878 by Thomas D. Pryor and was located on the Bismark stage line. When the railroad missed the community it soon faded.

BLACK HAWK

established: June 10 1 1887 Postmaster: Charles L. Ward 1887-91 moved to Meade County in 1891 BOULDER established: May 7, 1881 Postmaster: Levi P. Merifield 1881-85 Henry C . Duning 1885 BRASHVILLE established: February 2, 1881 Postmaster: John Brash

Although this post office was established and a postmaster appointed it is doubtful if this post office ever opened for business. WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 15

NOTES ON THE POST OFFICES OF LAWRENCE COUNTY 1 SOUTH DAKOTA (Cont'd)

BROUGHTON established: 1881 Postmaster: E. C. Volin. 1881

Apparently this post office was in operation for only a short period of time. The total receipts for this post office was $8. 91.

BROWNSVILLE established: 1883 Postmasters: J. Monheim 1883-1887 Oscar Hurlbut 1887-1889

According to South Dakota Place Names 1 volume 6 (1940), page 45 1 Brownsville was a lumber camp operated by the Home stake Mining Company. It was connected to Lead by a narrow guage railroad. The peak population was 600.

CENTENNIAL PARK established: 1879 Postmasters: G. Z. Richards 1879-1881 H. J. Grant 1881-1883 S. Soyster 1883-1885 S. C. Herrington 1885-1887 P. Traver 1887 Wm. A. Biles 1887-1891 CENTRAL CITY established: 1879 Postmasters: S. A. Pepper 1879-1881 N. S.Gilbert 1881-1889 F. J. Corner 1889-1895 0. B. Elliott 1895-1897 W. L. Faust 1897-1899 E. P. Farnham 1899 CROOK CITY established: 1877 Postmasters: W. J. James 1877 H. A. Hand 1877-1881 F. W. Ives 1881-1885 J. 0. Callaghan 1885-1889 Anne M. Williams 1889-1895

A mining community founded in 1876 which at one time had a pop~lation of 2000 to 3000. ELKHORN CITY established: 1879 Postmaster: H. A. Houghton WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page 16

NOTES ON THE POST OFFICES OF LAWRENCE COUNTY 1 SOUTH DAKOTA (Cont 'd)

EMPIRE established: 1883 Postmaster: A. Craig

FLORENCE established: May 23, 1881 Postmaster: Erastus Green

FOREST CITY established: 1879 Postmaster: John Johnson FORT MEADE established: 1881 Postmasters: W. S. Fanshawe 1881 E. A. Packard 1885 J. W. Skiles 1885 J. A. Howard 1887 H. M. Garlington 1889

Robinson (1902:133) states that Fort Meade was established in August 1878

in Meade County near Bear Buttes. However 1 records of the Post Office Department list Fort Meade in Lawrence County until 1891 when it was moved to Meade County. FOURCHE established: 1881 Postmaster: P. B. Steamed GRASHULL established: 1887 Postmaster: N. F. Hill 1887-1891

Post Office moved to Meade County in 1891 GREGORY established: 1891 Postmaster: P. F. Hubbard ICEBOX established: 1899 Postmaster: A. H. Patterson LAFLIN established, October 1, 1884 Postmaster: Robert Florman MONTEZUMA established: 1879 Postmaster: J. McKirahan WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 17

NOTES ON THE POST OFFICES OF LAWRENCE COUNTY 1 SOUTH DAKOTA (Cont'd)

NEMO established: 1891 Postmasters: William McCaul! 1891-1897 Henrietta C. Edwards 1899

PERRY

established: March 17 I 1887 Postmaster: Chas. H. Lewis 1887-99 According to the Official Register there was a Perry established in Pembina County in 1881.

PLUMA established: 1899 Postmaster: Humphrey Smith

POS'IVILLE established: 1883 Postmasters: W. Ruzicka 1883 John A. Case 1885-1887 Isabella R. Eller 1889 PRESTON established: 1897 Postmaster: H. Bottenberg 1897-1899

The "Official Register" in 1881 listed a Preston post office in Kingsburg County.

ROCKFORD established: 1879 Postmaster: R. D. Kelly

SAINT ONGE established: 1883 Postmasters: H. T . St. Onge 1883-1885 A. McKearn 1887-1893 Adolph Purvis 1895-1899

South Dakota Place Names 1 vol. I 1 p. 60 states the community was found­ ed in 1881 and was named for Pitoche St. Onge 1 a prominent member of the French colony in that area. SMITHVILLE established: 1881 Postmasters: W. E. Smith 1881-1885 Isab. Cuthberton 1887 Frank Cottle 1889

The post office moved to Meade County in 1891. WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 18

NOTES ON THE POST OFFICES OF LAWRENCE COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA (Cont 'd)

TERRA VILLE established: 1881 Postmasters: Henry Morris 1881 W. J. Barclay 1883-1887 John Gilray 1889-1899

South Dakota Place Names, vol. 1. 1 p. 63 states that the community was settled in 1877 and the community was named for the Golden Terra Mine. The community was located in BobtailGulch between Central City and Lead.

TERRY established: 1899 Postmaster: W. W. Quillian

Although the community of Terry was established in 187 6 apparently there was no post office until 1899 .

TILFORD established: 1889 Postmaster: James A. Howard

In 1891 this post office was moved to Meade County

TWO BIT established: 1899 Postmaster: Emma A. Cruikshand

Established as a gold mining community in 1877 1 but did not have a post office until 1899.

VALE

established: 1883 Postmaster: A. Rosander

The post office was moved to Butte County in 1885. Apparently this was not a very active post office as the 1883 Official Register reports only $0.17 in receipts.

VIEWFIELD established: October 1, 1884 Postmaster: P. McArthur

Post office was moved to Meade County in 1887. VOLUNTEER established: 1889 Postmaster: Wm. C. Logan WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page 19

NOTES ON THE. POST OFFICES OF LAWRENCE COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA (Cont'd)

WHITEWOOD established: 1879 Postmasters: W. W. English 1879 M. E . Trafton 1881-1887 Daniel Bogle 1889 Jas. 0 . Callagham 1891-1893 Louisa Uhlig 1896-1999 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 20 ------

TERRITORIAL TIMES

COLORADO TERRITORY POSTMASTERS' COMPENSATION (Continued from January Issue) POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 Sept. 1863) Compen­ Balance P.O. County Postmaster sation due U.S. American Ranch Weld W.A. Kelly, from May 4 $9.63

Bear Canon Douglas Thomas H .Dawson, from l. 06 $0 .39 May 11 Beaver Creek Fremont Lewis Conley, from 5 .10 11.89 Nov. 22 Bennet Springs ------Sylvester Richardson, l. 52 .42 from Feb. 3 Big Thompson Larimer John C. Washburne, 6 .69 2.35 from Jan. 12 Black Hawk Point Gilpin Harper M. Orahood, 245.51 32 .53 from Jan. 11 Booneville Pueblo A.G. Boone, Jan. 29 13 .40 10.61 Boulder Jackson A. J. Mackey 120.04 127.50 Breckinridge Summit Gaylord E. Bissell 102.77 51.68 Burlington Boulder Roger S. Low, 2 qrs 4.25 17.50 Canon City Fremont Matthew G. Pratt 40.00 49.25 Casek Creek ------John Fosher, 1 qr 11 . 20 Cash Creek Lake (No returns) Cherokee City Weld Thomas C. Moore, from 12.56 Feb. 13 Clear Water Weld George B . Ackley, from 4.11 June 16 Colfax ------Antonio Jones (no returns) Colorado City El Paso George H. Toppan 63 .25 87.64 Conejos Conejos Lafayette Head 2.05 0, 15 Costilla Costilla (No returns)

Delaware City ------(No returns) Denver City Arapahoe Samuel S. Curtis 1' 9 84. 0 0 41 '0 14. 2 3 El Paso El ;Paso Oliver M . Cotton, from Dec. 18 8.49 12.10 Empire City Clear Lake Na thani e 1 Merriman, 3 qrs 45 .42 48.04 James W. Drips, 1 qr. 29.13 18.29 Fair Play Park .Henry S. Hitchcock , from Oct. 12 32 .25 12.50 Flemming's Ranch Weld (No returns) Fort Garland Costilla John M. Francisco, 1 qr 14.42 Fort Lyon Huerfano Thomas Wynne, 1 qr 56 .19 Edwin C. Gould , 3 qrs 273.45 Fort Lupton 159.20 Weld · George E. Blake 7.90 19.14 Fort Wise, (changed Huerfano Francis Meade, to Fort Lyon.) (no returns) Franktown Douglas George F. Gardner, 3 qrs 7. ?. .:1 9.04 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 21

TERRITORIAL TIMES {Cont'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 Sept. 1863) (Cont'd) Compen­ Balance P.O . County Postmaster sation due U.S. Gold Dirt Jefferson Theodore N . Stirling 32.18 3.34 Golde n City Jefferson Mark L. Blunt 84.26 5.01 Golde n Gate Jefferson JohnA. Blodgett, 3 qrs 26 . 29 85.11 Gold Hill Boulder Charles Dabney, from 6.60 2.98 Feb. 18 Granite Vale John A. Pollock, 3 qrs 3.66 2.49 Angel Slaight, 1 qr l. 21 l. 66

Hamilton Park Daniel Witter 1 2 qrs 56 . 85 80 . 28 William H. Wilson, 2 qrs 22 . 36 19.05 Haynes's Ranch (dis­ Pueblo John H . Hayne s 7.67 20.73 continued March 3 1863 . ) Huerfano Huerfano J. B. Doyle 11.73 24.31 Huntsville Douglas Daniel C. Oakes 7. 41

Idaho Clear Creek S. J. Field 86 . 86 73 . 64

Jefferson, (discon­ Park Thomas M. Richardson tinued April 4, (no returns) 1863.) Junction Ephrahm V. Cummins 5 . 85 2.46

Keystone Ranch David Gregory 1 from June ll .19 La Porte Larimer John C . Peabody, from 45.92 10.05 July' 13 La Castilla F . Meir, from Dec . 12 6 . 13 2.31 Laure t Park Franklin Morey 202.03 2 06. 70 Lincoln City A. C . Townsend, 3 qrs 26 . 09 25.43

Frederick Hobond 1 1 qr 7.79 6.59 Michigan House, Jefferson (No returns) (disct 'd May 5, 1863) Mill Ci ty, (discon­ Clear Creek Douglas Mcintyre 1 1 qr 1.03 tinued Feb.l0,1863) Missouri City, (dis- Gilpin Alfred H. Owens 1 2 qr 73.74 58.91 tinued Jan. 3 ,1863) Montgomery City Park G . N . Bailey, from Nov .1 81.83 48 . 80 Mountain City Gilpin Edwin H. Brown 1,178.42 11629 . 59 Mount Vernon Jefferson (No returns)

Nevada Gilpin John W. Ratcliffe 317. 83 249.71 Ore City Lake J. Leroy Lewis 1 from 26.97 July 13

Julius Londoner 1 3 qrs 67 . 56 29.98 Parkeville Summit David G . Peabody 1 1 qr 34 . 09 25.33 Harry H . Richards 1 3 qrs 30 . 82 39.63 Pueblo Pueblo Aaron Sims 49.54 36 . 29 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 22 ------TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont 'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 Se pt. 1863) (Cont 'd)

Com pen- Balance P.O. County Postmas te r sation due U.S. Ralsto n's Jefferson George L. Strope from .24 ------Ma y 20 Ru ssellville I (changed Douglas Jame s F. Gardne r, 1 qr .72 .43 to Frankto wn, Sept. 8, 1862) San Lui s Costilla C. D. He ndren 3.04 ------Silver Lake Summit R. S. Bond (no re turns) ------

Spanish Ba r Clear Lake Reuben F. Smith 1 2 qrs 15.40 13.86 S . Edmonds I 1 qr 3.79 ------Ste rling Park Sam ue 1 Le ach , from 9. 82 3.91 Feb. 7

St. Vrain Weld Hiram J. Graham 1 from 11.70 ------June 17 Ta ryall Park W. J. Curtic e 27.58 54. 21

Trinidad Huerfano William Frasie r 1 1 qr 2.20 ------

A. W. Archiba ld 1 1 qr 2.35 1.64

Wa rd District Boulder S. M. Breath 1 from 3.48 ------Feb. 18

Wood Valle y Pueblo Loren Jenks 1 1 qr 2. 64 .97

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT. 1865) Am e rica n Ra nch Weld W. A. Kelly ------No returns Be ar Canon Douglas Thomas H. Dawson 6.80 5.40 Beaver Cre ek Fremont Lewis Conley ------No returns Be nne tt's Springs Douglas Sylvester Richardson 4.42 9.78 Be nt ' s Fort ------Lewis Barnum 13.91 ------Big Thompson Larimer John E. Washburne 12.86 32.33 Black Hawk Point Gilpin Harper M . Ovahood 4 17.98 772. 50 Boulde r Jackson A. J. Mackey 112.30 92.63 Boonville Pueblo A. G. Boone 45.36 126.47 Bre cke nridge Summit Peter Muhleback 64.03 3.43 Burlington Boulder Roger S . Lowe 14.78 53.63 Joseph Milner, Jr. 5.50 32.08 Cache Creek Lake Henry C. Justi c e 4.36 7. 27 Canon City Fremont Jotham A. Draperi 8.44 14.21 Anson Rudd 23.50 17. 30 Che rokee City Weld T. C. Moore ------No re turns Coa l Creek Boulder Robe rt Nirer 6.75 4.25 Colorado City El Paso George A. Bute 76.85 87.70 Cone jas Conejas Lafayette He ad 7.06 15.04

De laware City Summit W. T. Reynolds 24.95 5.97 Denve r City Arapahoe Samuel S. Curtis 1 to 1,086.68 11735.30 Nov. 6

Wm. N. Bye rs 1 from 2,013.32 2,021.84 Nov. 7 WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 23

TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont 'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT. 1865) (Cont'd)

Com pen- Balance P.O. County Postmaster sation due U.S. Elk Creek Jefferson R. P. Powell ------No returns El Paso El Paso 0. M. Cotton 11. so .06 J. B. Wight 4 . 25 8 .. 99 Empire City Clear Creek James W. Drips 112.95 36.82

Fair Play Park Henry S. Hitchcock 38.42 20.63 Flenming's Beach Weld George A. Flemming 5 .75 5.00 Fort Garland Costilla Ossian Congdon 98.51 33 .12 Fort Lupton Weld Marcus P. Wills 3.02 15.72 Fort Lyon Huerfano Edwin C . Gould 229.95 169.31 Amos H. James 80.00 60.29 Fort Wise ------Francis Mead ------Fountain El Paso Amos H o Terrell ------No returns Franktown Douglas Charles F. Parkhurst .80 14.20

Gold Dirt Gilpin John Elliott 42.40 37.23 Gold Hill Boulder · Charles Dabney .83 ------Golden City Jefferson Jonas M . Johnson 77.69 119 . 72 Granite Val'e Park Aze l Slai gh t 1.12 13 . 91 Gray's Ranch Huerfano James M. Stoner 3.00 7.43

Hamilton Park Henry Krebill 53.23 7.14 Huerfano Huerfano Alexander W. Robb 5.25 ------Huntsville Douglas Leander M. Sprague 9.40 5 . 20

Idahoe Clear Creek P. E. Charraund 34.00 34.01 A. Meelley 50.00 92,10 Julesburgh Weld Samuel D. Bancroft 103 . 21 36 . 08 S. F . Watts 30.00 299.34 Junction House Weld Charles Holmes ------No returns

Keystone Ranch Douglas David Gregory 2 .29 2 9. 69

La Costilla ------F . Meier 4.03 .98 La Porte Larimer Wm . C. Peabody ------No returns Latham Weld William S. Mcillvain, to Oct .. 11 40.19 Lauret ------Park Horace A . W. Tabor 123.65 46.62 Li ncoln City Summit Frederick A. Doepketo 25.44 27.50 Montgomery City Park George W. Bailey 74 .16 10.35 Mountain City Gilpin Edwin H. Brown 266.60 976.11 Nevada Gilpin John W. Ratliffe 309.38 317.03 Oro City Lake Silas H . Fouts 17.25 ------Parkville Summit Harvey H. Richards 6.71 ------from June 17 Point of Rocks ------Samuel G. Colley ------Pueblo Pueblo No returns Mark G. Bradford 37.41 41.69 -- -- WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 24

TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT . 1865) (Cont'd)

Com pen- Ba lance P.O. County Postmaster s ation due U . S . Ra lston Jeffe rson Geo . L. Strope .68 .19 Stephe n Osborn 1.50 37.50

San Loui s Costillo Harvey E . Easterday 3. 49 ------Saint Vrain Weld William A. Dow ------No returns Spanish Bar . Arapahoe Sylve ster Edwards 26 .42 23.89 Spring Va lley Douglas G . W . Re dma n l. 02 ------Ste rling Park Samuel Leach 26.13 13.52

Trinidad Huerfano A. W. Archibald ------No returns Wa rd District Boulder S . M. Breath 1. 4 5 ------Wood Va lley Pueblo William C. Howard 5. 34 4. 96 POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT. 1867)

American Ra nch Weld H . S . Tracy ------No re turns

Ba d i to Huerfano James A. Moore 10 . 00 13. 67 Be a r Canon Douglas T . H . Dawson, to 2 . 00 6 . 93 Se ptembe r 30 C. H . Flinton , from 2.00 ------April 1 Beav e r Creek Fremont Lewis Conly 25 . 00 ------Bent's Fort J:... Barnam , to August 15 3 . 87 ------James M. Cooper, from 27 . 13 36.03 August 16 Big Th ompson Larimer J. E. Washburne 61.00 46. 85 Black Hawk Point Gil pen H . M. Ovahood 1,700.00 744 .7 1 Boone v i lle Pueblo A. G. Boone 47.00 61. 80 Boulde r Jackson A. J. Mackey 120 . 00. 205 . 62 Brec kenridge Summit Marsha ll Silverthorn 73.00 ------Buck Skin Park H. A. W. Tabor 210 . 00 140 . 2 4 Burlington Boulde r Jose ph Milne r, Jr. I to 124 . 23 68. 87 May 20 F. C. Be ckwi th I from 15 . 77 10.13 -r-tlay 21 Ca sh Cre e k Lake Wi lliam Craft 6.00 l. 22 Canon City F remont S . M. C ox 130.00 Coa l Creek 41.52 Boulder Robert Niver 5 . 00 8 . 97 Colorado City El Paso William J . Baird 112 . 50 Cone jos 141 . 17 Conejos Manuel Luce v o 61.00 Costilla ------Costilla Ferdi nand Meier 14 . 00 4 . 11 Da y ton Lake L . M. Sprague from 3 . 00 .28 April l De la wa re City Summit W . T. Reynolds Denve r 33 . 00 8.17 Arapahoe A. Sage ndorf 41000 . 00 6,786 . 07 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 2S

TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont 'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT. 1867) (Cont'd)

Compen- Balance P.O. County Postmaster sation . due U.S. El Paso El Paso Joseph B. Wight, from 1S. 83 14.8S April 1 to 30 Empire City Clear Creek J. W. Dripps 370.00 33.22 Excelsior Pueblo E. M. Bell, from Oct. 3.00 42.84 1 to Dec. 31 J. Cox, from April 1 0 2.70 27.32 Fair Play Park H. S. Hitchcock 41 . 00 S9.44 Flemming's Beach Weld G. A. Flemming to 4. so 3.81 December 31 Fort Collins Larimer Joseph Mason, to 1. so 165.74 September 30 Fort Garland Costilla George W. Hepburn, to 70.00 77.60 December 31 R. Schmieding, from 70.00 64.89 January 1 Fort Junction. Weld Perry L. Smith, to 6.00 7.91 December 31 Fort Lupton Weld M. P. Wills ------No returns Fort Lyon Huerfano Lyman Field 390.00 219.54 Fort Moore Weld James A. Moore, to 90 .00 ------March 31

Fort Morgan Weld M. V. Boughton 1 From 277,50 18.98 October 1 Fort Sedgewick Weld J. W. French ------No returns Fountain El Paso A. H. Terrell 23.00 29.71 Franktown Douglas ------No returns Fulton Arapahoe Greenbury J. Ross 5.2S 41.40

Georgetown Clear Creek W. H. Gray, from 6.00 7. 64 January 1 Gold Dirt Gil pen John Elliott 1 to 10.50 22 . 50 Sept. 30 E. W. Crook, from 31.50 23.94 October 1 Golden City Jefferson R. C. Miles, to May 13 173.63 259.18 C .H. Danforth ,from May 14 26.37 12.13 Granite Vale Park Azel S1aight ------No returns Hamilton Park Henry Krebel 80.00 62.90 Helena Lake J. McPherson, From 4. 03 13. 97 March 1 Huerfano Huerfano Thomas Sevaso 21.00 Huntsville ------Douglas William M. Crull 6.00 8.76 Hutchinson Jefferson G. W. Hutchinson ------No returns Idaho Clear Creek LeeR. Seaton 190.00 90.13 WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 26

TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT . 1867) (Cont'd)

Compen- Balance P . O. County Postmaster sation due U.S.

Jamestown Boulder A. Widner, from April! 3.00 7.61 Julesburg Weld John Hughs, from 21.20 ------Oct. 28 to Dec . 31 Latham Weld D . B . Bailey , from l. 88 ------May 5 Lincoln City Summit F. A. Dolpike 28.00 5.3 5 Living Springs Arapahoe G. L. Sa nborn, from 6.53 ------November 15 Mill City Clear Cree k Wm. S. Stanley, jr. to 55.50 ------March 31 w. R. Hawkins, from 18.50 ------April 1 Montgomery City Park G. W. Bailey , to 8.25 23.64 September 3 0 L. F. Valiton, from 24.75 59.18 October 1 Mountain City Gilpin S . A. Buell 8,000.00 2,027.92

Nevada Gilpin John W . Ratcliffe 670.00 20.70 Ore City Lake Silas H. Foat, to 13.25 ------September 3 0 R. Berry , from October 1 39.75 4 . 98 Parkville Summit Truman Lamson, from July 9 to Sept. 30 .46 . 57 Pueblo Pueblo John T. Thomas 310.00 199 . 10 Ral ston Jefferson ------No returns St. Charles Pueblo C. B. Randall, from Oct. 3 . 00 ------1toDec.31 C. B. Randall,from 6.00 ------January 1 St. Vrain Weld Wm . U. Dow 1 to 4.00 ------December 31 A. Lumry, from Jan. 25 1.47 ------to March 31 San Louis Castilla J. L. Gasper 18.00 22 . 32 South Boulder Gilpin Fred C. Weir to March 31 69.75 ------B. S . Boyce 1 from April 1 23.25 Spanish Bar ------C lear Creek Sylvester Edwards 250.00 Spring Valley 10 . 67 Douglas Joseph F. Gilo 26.00 26.12 Trinidad Huerfano William A. Bransford 12.00 69 . 20 Valmont Boulder Thomas J. Jones ------No returns Ward ' s District Boulder A. A. Brookfield ------No returns Wood Valley Pueblo E. B. Sutherland, to March 16 8.50 15.30 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 27

TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont 'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT. 1869)

Compen- Balance P.O. County Postmaster sation due U.S. Andersonville Pueblo J. W. Anderson, from 5.96 Jan. 2 Badito Huerfano J. A. Moore, to Sept. 30 2.50 A. T. Seabring, from 2.50 7.22 Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 Beaver Creek Fremont G. H. Toof 16.00 7.58 Bent's Fort Las Animas D. W. Holbrook, to 46.50 59.24 March 31 P. Lander, from April 1 15.50 4.10 Big Thompson Larimer J. E. Washburn s~~oo 52.53 Black Hawk Point Gilpin H. M. Orahood 1,300.00 983.61 Booneville Pueblo H. M. Fosdick, from 100.00 Jan. 31 Boulder Jackson A. G. Macky 220.00 226.00 Breckenridge Summit M. Silverthorn 40.00 83.99 Buckskin Park H. A. W. Tabor, to 23.00 9.65 Sept. 30 A. Bergh , from Jan. 1 50.00 29.89 Burlington Boulder A. K. Baker 160.00 302.55

Canyon City C. H. Fremont S.M.Cox 110.00 143. 2 8 Carson Huerfano No returns Cash Creek Lake C. Mater, to March 31 9.00 73.50 Centerville Lake G. B . Berry, from Oct .1 9.00 5.85 Coal Creek Boulder R. Niver 5.00 3.85 Colorado City El Paso E. Gehring 140.00 78.32 Conejos Conejos C. 0. Unfug 54.00 27.03 Costilla Costilla F. Meier 32.00 21.10

Dayton C.H. Lake F. Keyes to Dec. 31 6.00 10.96 Delaware City Summit W. T. Reynolds 22.00 22.63 Denver Arapahoe A. Sagendorf, to May 8 3,417.58 2,150.28 H. P. Bennett, from May 9 582.42 El Paso El Paso James C. Woodbury, from Jan. 1 6.00 44.28 Empire City Clear Creek J. W. Drips 110.00 70.30 Excelsior Pueblo J. Cox, to March 31 14.25 Fair Play Park L. F. Valiton 310.00 66.23 Fleming's Ranch Weld G. A. Fleming 6.00 1. 80 Fort Collins Larimer J. Mason to Dec. 31 6.00 85.68 Fort Garland Costilla R. Schmieding 220.00 270.84 Fort Supton Weld D. W. Ewing, to March 9.00 31 Fort Lyon Pueblo C. B. Adams 500.00 Fort Sedgwick 468.63 Weld C. E. Bothwell, to 75.00 132.56 March 31 Fountain El Paso A. H. Terrell 38.00 Franktown 26.29 Douglas J. F . Gardner 28.00 9.31 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 28

TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont 'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY (30 SEPT. 1869) (Cont'd)

Com pen- Balance P.O. County Postmaster sation due U.S .

Georgetown Clear Creek J. A. Lafferty 1 to 900 . 00 862.26 March 31 Golden City Jefferson C. H. Danforth 620.00 3 64.93 Granite Lake G.Keyes 1 from Jan 1 6 . 00 64 . 23 Granite Vale Park A. Slaight1 from Oct.l 50.00 .64 t o March 31 Greenhorn Huerfano A. Hicklin 12.00 ------Hamilton Park H . Krebill 38.00 29.25 Hermosilla Huerfano ------No returns Helena Lake J. McPherson 35 . 00 .42 Hickman Fremont ------No returns Huerfano Huerfano T . Suasso 12 . 00 ------Hutchinson Jefferson J. B. Hutchinson 1 to 2.00 ------Sept. 30 Idaho Clear C!'8ek G . A. Patton 330 . 00 22.46

Jamestown Boulder A. Widner 1 to Sept. 31 23.50 ------

J. W . Virden 1 from Jan . 1 11.75 ------to March 31

Jules burgh Weld F . W. Becker 1 from 18 . 68 46.18 April 24 Kiowa Douglas H. Wendling 1 to March 31 9.00 11.06 La Porte Larimer ------No returns Latham Weld D. B. Bailey 40.00 5.61 Lincoln Ci ty Summit F . A. Doepke 20.00 24 . 54 Lorna Conejos L. C . Alarid 12.00 1. 56 Mill City Clear Creek w. R. Hawkins 79 . 00 49.02 Montgome ry City Park J. H . Myers 20.00 19.28 Mountain City Gilpin S . A. Buell 41000 .00 11445.91 Nama qua Larimer H . J. Tadder 12 . 00 22.57 Nevada Gilpin J. w. Ratcliff 480.00 286 . 13 Oro City Lake R. Berry, to Dec . 31 11 . 00 ------H . A . W. Tabor 1 from 11.00 145 . 52 Jan . 1 Pueblo Pueblo J. W . Snyder 470 . 00 734 . 39 Ralston's Jefferson F. J. McQuiston 1 to Dec . 31 6.00 ------Running Creek Douglas H. L. Austin 1 from 10.43 10.85 Aug . 18 Sagnache C . H. Sagnache N . Russell 12.00 20.70 Saint Charles Pueblo C . B. Randall 12 . 00 ------WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 29

TERRITORIAL TIMES (Cont 'd)

POST OFFICES IN COLORADO TERRITORY {30 SEPT. 1869} {Cont'd}

Compen- Balance P. 0. County Postmaster sation due U.S .

Saint Mary's Huerfano Z. G. Allen 1 to March 9.00 9.63 31 Sant Vrain Weld A. Lumry 10.00 16.30 San Luis Costilla H. E .Easterday to Dec .31 11 . 00 28.73

Fred Walson 1 from Jan .1 11.00 16.31

South Arkansas Lake Ira King 1 from Sept. 5 6.85 22.33 to March 31

South Boulder Gilpin B. S. Boyce 1 to March 27.75 10.93 31

J. E. Austin 1 from 9.25 ------April 1

South Side Pueblo B.D . Smith 1 from 2. 84 . 16 April 6 Spanish Bar Clear Creek S. Edwards 160.00 ------

Spring Valley Douglas J. F. Gilo 1 to 31.75 15 . 00 March 31

T . P. McGuire 1 from 17 . 25 40.75 April l Sugar Loaf Boulder G. P. Wood, from 2.87 3 . 24 April 5 Trinidad Huerfano H. A. Barraclough 230 . 00 312. 51

Valmont Boulder J. W. Ritchie 69.00 54.90 Virginia Dale Larimer ------No returns Ward District Boulder A. Bixby 55 .00 13 . 35 Whi tney Boulder H. Larnard 1 from July 7 11.80 15.83 Wood Valley Pueblo J. Eder, from Oct. 1 6 . 00 36.29 to March 31 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 30 ------

CONTENTS OF A LETTER FROM BURNS CREEK, CALIFORNIA

By Fred E. Starr

Burns Creek, California Nov 17th 1850

Dear Brother: In my last letter, written on the Rio Grande I I inf ormed you how I

gof through Texas 1 - in this I shall tell you what has happened since. At El Paso many of the boys changed their oxen & wagons for pack mules & beat the rest of the Company to Cal. one month . Wagons were worth nothing on the Rio Grande because there were 500 of them there laying rotting already. I saw no good chance to trade

so I we nt ahead with my team 1 joining the John Jordan's train. We crossed the rive r

in a boat made of 2 wagon beds 1 & being a boatman myself I had charge of steering the loads across. A hurt received by a fall on the right side on the boat I still feel at times. I believe we left the Rio Grande the 15 of July - not having my journal at hand I can't be precise as to date. A march of 3 days brought us to the Rio Mimbres a beau­ tifullittle stream of cool clear water full of small fish of the perch kind. The bottoms were rich covered with grass. This like all the other streams in this country soon to looses itself in the sand after leaving the mountains. 2 5 miles to the N. W. are copper and Gold Mines which have been worked by the Mexicans till lately. Maj Stein of

Dona Ana is coming next week to reopen them so he told us 1 and a Gent of Sacord is raising a Co to dig gold on the Prieto a branch of the Gila. It would not surprise me if these mines were found to be an extension of the Cal. mines. If New Mexico is

not a mining country it is worthless to the whites 1 for nothing is to be seen but rugge d mountains and arid plains covered only with useless brush and a little dry grama grass. The only running water we saw from the Rio Grande to the Gila a distance of 450 miles was the Mimbres & San Pedro; both of these afford some chance of irrigation & cultiva­ tion. From the Rio Mimbres we went 25 miles to the Ojo Del Vaca (cow spring) here we found 5 Mexicans waiting for us to steal mules. We put them under guard. The next night they stole 5 from the next train.

Next day we started for dry lake which we reached after travelling 30 hours. Dis­ tance 40 mile s without water here I gave Willard my mule lett him take what provi­ sions he wanted and he went ahead & joined a mule train. I have not seen him since but hear he is at San Diego at work for 10 doll per day. If he does not take the mine fever & will stay there at that he will do much better. Though I wish Willard well I do not wish to have any intimate connexion with him in business. I could not tell him anything without making him mad . Tis useless to write particu­ lars. All I have to say if I believed I have another brother that would use me so I would treat him as a stranger. Willard while he was with me & after he left me tried to injur me with the rest of the Co. a thing I would scorn to do by him. But enough of this which no doubt is as disagreable to read as to write. From Dry Lake we went 2 5 miles to Los Creek where for the first time I tied up my

cattle within the guards among the horses 1 that night 25 oxen were stolen. 16 men including myself chased the Apaches 50 miles where we found the cattle, 2 of them butchered 1 the rest we drove back to camp their hoofs worn out unfit for any more to work. The night after our return McDonald's co. lost 50 the same way, 24 of which they recove red. Here too a young man on guard was mistaken for an indian and shot while asleep. A young lady died of feve r & Cap Jordan lost a son aged WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 31 ------CONTENTS OF A LETTER FROM BURNS CREEK, CALIFORNIA (Cont'd)

4 from the same complaint . Lost Creek will be remembered by us all. When we arrived at Santa Cruz on the San Pedro one yoke of my steers had worn their feet out & I sol d them for a horse & gave 10 doll boot . This horse I lost near Los Angelos by theft. I sold my wagon for another horse which I have now. One yoke of steers I let a man have to use to the mines refusing 40 doll for them 1 just be­ cause the man's team was failing and he could not buy another yoke & many books & things I left the same way.

Now I hear the trains have gone to San Diego & I shall probably not get a thing I left behind . I left the ox train at Santa Cruz & packed one horse and rode another at the Pimo Village. I was sick of fever & swelled spleen in consequence of suffering for water 1 day . The Pimos has been represented as very honest but they stole my ammunition hatchet comb & a shirt while I was there 3 days . The trip down the Gila 160 is one of the most disagreable you can conceive . No grass for animals - nothing but muskeet beans which however are nearly as good as corn. Water brackish& quite warm. Weather hot- thermometer in the shade during the day from 98 to 120 . Roads so dusty you can scarce see a man riding. Such was the Gila . At the Colorado we paid 2 per man & 3 per horse ferriage . On leaving the river we must encounter the Desert of llO miles with 5 watering places but only 1 t o recruit on beans & grass. In thi s Grande jornado of 110 miles I thi nk I

saw carcases of 1 1 000 mules or horses perished for want of food'. or water. On striking the mountains of Cal . the air became cool and pleasant. Soon we began to pass vineyards & herds of cattle & horses. These cattle are worth from 10 to 16 doll but in the mi nes 100 doll per head . I went due N from Los Angeles into the Tulare Valley thence across the San Joachin (pro San Wawkeen) to Agua Fria mines near Mariposa. There I had the mountain fever the effect of cold on the 'lungs 2 weeks the 3d week I worked & cleared 15 doll . I then came to Indian Gulch staid & worked 1 week made 6 doll. Then came here & work last week & made 6 doll clear of expenses . By these statements you will s e e I got in the mines the first of Oct & have ma.de nothing of importance clear of expenses . The prospects are that as soon as it rains so the small gulches (branches) can be worked I shall average 5 to 8 doll per day. Mining is all lottery.

Flour is worth 25 to 30 cts lb, pork 40 beef or venison fresh 25 1 onions 100 1 potatoes 35 to 40 cts lb. These prices will increase soon as the rain sets in. It is 80 miles to Stockton but that is the nearest P. 0. So you must direct to me there & I will send for the letters by men who follow that business. I do not feel at present like urging my friends to come here - prospects look to me rather gloomy. The richest diggings are gone - should gold fail at the same time everything else must fail. The Company sent by the Gov to the Colorado to make a treaty with the Yumas Indians about their killing John Glanton 1 has had a fight with them & kille d 50 of them capturing some horses. I fear the Indians will revenge this by k illing immigrants coming to Cal. when the force is withdrawn. I send enclosed a piece of gold I found yesterday to my mother. I do not send i t for its beauty size or worth but because it is in a convenient shape to send. The gold dug here varies from the size of a gnats eye to the size of walnuts. The 1piece I send is of the common size I have found . I have not got any letter from Mass since early last spring so you may depend I am hungry for one. Love to All Good bye D . A. Learned

Blue Stockton postmark & "40" handstamp 1 letter addressed to Mr. Elias Learned 1 Charlton 1 Mass . WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 32 ------

A GROUP OF EXPRESSES By A. Jay Hertz

FURTHER RESEARCH - BARNARD'S BRITISH COLUMBIA EXPRESS

Frances Jones Barnard started the express business early in 1862. From British Colonist of Jan. 16, 1862 we read the first reports:

"Mr. Barnard (of Barnard's Express) accompani ed by Messrs. T. Westgarth, Miller, McGreavy, Armstrong and Lewis, arrived in a canoe yesterday noon from New Westminster, with a small express ....

"Mr·. Barnard's Express left Lytton on the 28th of December and Yale on the 3rd i nst. and arrived at New Westminster on the 12th, having been nine days in making the trip between the two points .... "

From same, April 23, 1862 we find the following:

"Frazer River News. Mr. Barnard of Barnard's Express informs

us that on Sunday last 1 two German miners I encamped at Fort Yale , quarreled about the proper mode to bake a loaf of bread when one stabbed the other twice . The wounds are not dangerous. The assailant was arrested ... "

From same of May 24, 1862 we have:

"Removal. Barnard's Express 1 office removed to Yates St., opposite Ribbon & Carswell's. William Culverwell, Agent." From same of June 5, 1862 we· have the following:

"Stickeem River Express. Parties going to Stickeem River, who may desi re to have their letters and papers forwarded as soon as per­ manent emigration sets in. that direction, will please leave their names at Barnard's Express Office, where a book for that purpose has been opened. William Culverwell, Agent, Yates Street From same of June 24, 1862 we read:

"Barnard's Express. Hitherto running between Victoria, V. I . and

Lytton, B.C. will on and after the 7th of July next 1 be merged into the British Columbia and Victoria Express Co. Victoria, V.I. , 23rd of June, 1862 F. J . Barnard." From same of July 31, 1862 we find:

"The British Columbia and Victoria Express Co. , dispatched a letter and package express for Cariboo per Steamer Empress ... July lst. F. J. Bii!.rnard, E . T. Smith . " WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 33 ------

A GROUP OF EXPRESSES (Cont'd)

BARNARD'S BRITISH COLUMBIA EXPRESS (Cont'd)

From same of July 5, 1864 we find the following:

"Passenger Line . Stage to Soda C reek, steamer through tickets can be had at the office of Barnard's Express, Yale . Ju 27. F. J . Barnard"

There is much more to read and we will continue along this line at some other time.

BRITISH COLUMBIA ROYAL MAIL CO.'S STAGE LINE.

The company ran its line between Douglas and Lilooet. We cannot find the names of the owners, only the agents in the various towns where the line went.

From British Colonist of Sept. 17, 1861 we read:

"British Columbia Royal Mail Co.'s Stage Line, between Douglas and Lilooet. The stages will run regularly from the above places with light goods and passengers and connect with the lower river steamboats at Douglas. Apply to T . M. Loop, Lilooet Oliver Hare, Douglas, George Frye, New West Minster or to Stewart, Meldrum & Co. , Victoria, Vancouver Island. "

Two years time of running the express and then the line was in trouble. On the 16th of December, 1863 in the same paper, we read the notice for the liquidation sale of the company's assets:

"On Friday, Jan. 8 1 1864, I am instructed by the Official Liquidator, to sell the stock of the British Columbia Royal Mail Co., Ltd., consisting of 3 stage coaches,

10 sets of double Concord Harnesses 1 1 lot of land with barn, all in Lilooet,

1 freight wagon, at Pemberton Portage 1 34 Head horses, at 100 Mile House, above Lilooet,

12 Head horses, at New Westminster 1 in Victoria,

12 Head horses 1 2 stage coaches, harnesses and various other articles Will be sold on a credit, Terms of sale. N . B. The whole will be sold in Victoria. J. A. McCrea, Auctioneer. " WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 34 ------A GROUP OF EXPRESSES (Cont'd)

FURTHER RESEARCH - BALLOU'S EXPRESS (1858)

Ballou was one of the pioneers of the British Columbia district. From Victoria

Daily Gezette of Sept. 2 1 1858 we read:

"Ballou's Pioneer Frazer River Express .

To all parts of the Frazer 1 Thompson Rivers I the only express

having direct connection with Freeman & Co. 1 and other Atlantic and European expresses ... W. T. Ballou. "

From British Colonest of July 22 1 1859 we read the following:

"Ballou's Express. That indefatigable pioneer and

enterprising expressman 1 W. T. Ballou 1 sent off from

Yale and Hope 1 his first express for Fort Alexander and

Canal River 1 on the 17th inst. N. W. Clark has been engaged as express agent at Queen Charlotte Island and will accompany the expidition."

Balloa started and soon he was the most active express of any of those in the vicinity. From The Sierra Citizen of July 15 I 1854 we see an ad which shows that

Ballou sold provisions, groceries, clothing 1 mining tools and miners stores:

"Ballou & Co., Forest City

Wholesale and retail dealers 1 in provisions 1 groceries I

clothing 1 boots 1 shoes, etc ..... Goods packed to all parts of the diggins. "

From the British Colonist of Nov. 23, 1859:

"We are indebted to Jeffray's Express and to Ballou's Express for sundry favors. "

From same of Feb. 12, 1859:

"We are indebted to . . .. Mr. Ballou of Pioneer Express; also

to J . W. Sullivan I newsdealer of San Francisco." From the same of Aug. 8, 1859:

"Fort Hope trail .... Mr. W. T. Ballou 1 Ballou's Express reports that miners I recently from California, assure him that they are well satisfied to remain on the mines believing that they can do

as well I if not better 1 than in California, if there is no change in the mi ning laws. "

Thus it was decided to stay and the miners seemed to be completely satisfied.

They had made their change and 1 even if they were not as completely satisfied I they said that they would stay. From the same of April 5 I 1860: WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 3 5

A GROUP OF EXPRESSES (Cont'd)

BALLOU'S EXPRESS (1858) (Cont'd)

11 Ballou •s Express . "H. Lee Alley is duly authorized by me as traveling agent and messenger. 11 Victoria 1 Mar. 2 8 I 186 0 W. T. Ballou.

From same of April 17 1 1860 1 we read:

"Snagged. We learn that W. T. Ballou of Ballou's Express ....

struck a snag at Langley 1 on the 11th of June . .. . and returned to Westminster . 11

BARNETT'S STICKEEN EXPRESS

The men at the head of this company 1 the owners and the operators, were the

George Barnett & Co . They ran between Victoria 1 British Columbia and Stickeen, British Columbia . This was in the gold rush period of Canada.

From the British Colonist of June 21 1 1862 we find as follows:

"Barnett's Stickeen Express is the title of a new express company just started here and who will dispatch their first letters and packages by the Labouchere, on Monday next . The enterprising projectors

deserve a success 1 commensurate with the magnificence and importance of the undertaking. 11 George Barnett & Co. ,

Commission Merchants 1 Express and Forwarding

Agents 1 Stickeen River.

Agents in Victoria 1 Walton & Barnett,

Corner 1 Yates & Commercial Streets. "

After going through all the details 1 we again come to a notice in the same paper of July 4, 1862 in which we see:

"Barnett •s Stickeen River Express .

Letters and packages left at the office in Victoria 1 will be

sent by every opportunity to Stickeen 1 whence they will be immediately forwarded to their destination.

The first express will be dispatched by the Labouchere on Monday ne xt. Walton & Barnett, Agents, Cor. Yates and Commercial Sts . " WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 36

A GROUP OF EXPRESSES (Cont'd)

SYKES' CARIBOO EXPRESS (1862)

Sykes' Express was not a California line but was a British Columbia express. Wherever gold was found, came the express. This concern was owned and operated by M. Sykes. Its route was from Victoria, V. I. to Williams Creek, via Yale, Lytton and Lillooet. A man who started one of these expresses, had to be a hardy individual, for the going was very rough and the men one met up with, husky and strong. Here we have an ad from the British Colonist of December 2 7, 1862 where we find:

"Express for Cariboo. M.Sykes will leave for Cariboo on or about January 1st, for Williams Creek, via Yale, Lytton and Lillooet and will carry no express . Letters for Cariboo ... Apply to M. Sykes at Government Street, Victoria. "

About two days later, the same type of advertisement appeared in the same paper. It mentioned that the letters, would cost 50 cents each. The address was also different - to the Eberbergs Hotel on Langley Street. Then from the same on Jan . 6, 1863, we find the following:

"Notice. Mr. Sykes Express will leave on Wednesday evening for Yale , Lytton, Lillooet, Fort Quesnelle and Williams Creek; will return by the Mouth of Cottenwood and Fort Alexander. All letters and packages to be left at the office, Victoria. "

That was all that we could find. Many such expresses started and finished quickly. Either they could not get enough people or the package business was i nsufficient. WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page 37

AUCTION ACTION (Continuation from January Is sue) By N. Leonard Persson CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO W-F on D/C on VF cover to N.Y. with #143 LPI not tied, 1860 Siegel $100.00 W-F SAN DIEGO in clear blue oval ties # 143 LPlO " 55.00 W-F oval cancel, smudgy, ties #143 LP5 on Fine cover " 85.00 SAN FRANCISCO CAL pmk ties /Ill on ExF with ExF "NC/RR POST" " 675.00 VIA NICARAGUA AHEAD OF THE MAILS infancy blue octagon ExF strike on Ul4 with New York Ship in circle " 800.00 "FORWARDED BY G.B. POST & CO SAN FRANCISCO" in oc­ tagonal frame on 1853 cover with New York Paid 21 postmark and VF "Oriental Line, Ogden & Hays Agents" in blue D.L. over to Honolulu, ExF " 600.00 STEAMER EMILY in clear purple Str. Line on W-F franked entire (U 312) with add'l W-F oval cancels, VF " 75.00 CANADIAN BARNARD ' S CARIBOO EXPRESS in Vf oval ties 3¢ Canadian 1137 on fine U.S. Ul63 with W-F frank and DAVISVILLE CAL hands tamp Harmer 210. 00 BARNARD'S CARIBOO EXPRESS, PAID black on vermillion adhesive plus stamp of 3 1176 tied by S.F. cog some what torn used to Canada West Siegel 400.00 W-F red frank on Ul6 with clear negative "Customs, Vancouver Island" crown with N.K. pmk, Fine " 260.00 W-F frank on U35 tied by light oval Victoria with bold blue oval illus "Post Office, Victoria VI" Coat of Arms, VF II 145.00

COLORADO DENVER & RIO GRANDE EXPRESS on 2¢ green entire with K.C. no pmk with St, & K.C. RPO on reverse, 1896 Herst 50.00 FORT SEDGEWICK, COL in good strike with /194 VF " 42.00 FORT LEWIS in VF D/C with /1207 tied to ExF cov. 1883 " 45.00 DENVER CITY, K.T. 1861 in clear "Tombstona" strike with /126 on VF cover Siegel 200. 00 HINCKLEY & CO'S EXPRESS DENVER CITY K.T. in legible circle with /126 on worn cover addressed to "Golden City, J.T. " " 125.00 SAME HANDSTAMP with printed scroll frank on U27 & green St Joseph Mo fine strikes on ExF cover II 340.00 JONES & RUSSELL'S PIKE PEAK EXPRESS CO in clear circle with /126 tied by Leavenworth City on cover with staining 7 toning " 475 .00 LEAV'N CITY & PIKES PEAK EXPRESS CO 1859 ExF circle on U9 with clear Leavenworth City, close tear Siegel $650.00 TROUBLESOME, COLORADO, 1880, in VF D.C. with 11184 VF II 32.00 FRANKSTOWN 1881 with 3¢ green VF Lewenthal 21.00 CASTLE ROCK 1881 with 3¢ green Fine II 19.00 HILLERTON, GUNNISON CO COLO 1879 Ul63 Fine " 37.50 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 38 ------AUCTION ACTION (Cont'd)

DAKOTA BAINBRIDGE 1883 on Ul63 VF Ms Lewenthal 21.00 BROADLAND 1884 D/C circle 2~ (210) tied V.F. " 18.00 GILMAN 1-30-86 Ms- 2~ (210) pen cane Fine " 21.00 MENNO D.T. 6- 29- 82 Ms 3~ 207, 10¢ 209 & Ul63 Reg. VF " 31.00 WESSINGTON DAK TER 1883 Purple D/C Circ 3¢ green VF " 24.00 GREENWOOD D.T. in ms with #65's on repaired but attractive cover Herst 32.50 FORT PHIL KEARNEY D.T. 1868 in ms with faulty #94 II 180.00 FORT RANSOM, DAK, faint on VF 2¢ brown entire II 37.50 FORT RICE, DAK good strike with /165 & mss "1864" II 36.00 FORT STEVENSON D.T. 1875 in mss with pair /1184 on VF cover II 55.00 FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN in clear octagon on VF U311 Siegel 31.00 GREENWOOD D.T. Jull6, 1860 in 2 str lines Free Frank by PM. ExF II 900.00 CLARKES CENTENNIAL EXPRESS green frank on fine U218 purple Sidney Neb. II 160.00

FLORIDA MAGNOLIA, FLA. Clear str. line on VF 1835 election report, Territorial Siegel 75.00 IDAHO PAYETTE'S STORE May 30, 1875 ms on U82 Fine Lewenthal 32.50 D.C. PATTERSON & CO'S BOISE & SALT LAKE CITY EXPRESS in clear oval, also "Paid one dollar" & date in bold circle with /165 tied & Salt Lake City, D.C. pmk, VF Siegel 950.00

INDIAN TERRITORY & OKLAHOMA FORT RENO, OKLA, 1898 in VF eire with /1267 not tied VF Siegel 19.00 DOAKVILLE, CN. in mss with #26 on VF 1860 cover with printed song inside of envelope Part flap missing II 55.00 BOGGS DEPOT, IND.T. VF strike on 1894 2¢ Reg entire with //225, VF Herst 16.00 GALENA, OKLA VF strike on 1899 Reg cover with /1286 & #290, VF II 20.00 TULSA IND TER ExF purole strike with wheel of fortune, #207 tied, ExF " 33.50 KANSAS SUMNER, KANSAS T, clear strike with #24, /126 & pair of #33 arranged as a block on fresh cover to England, various markings, ExF Siegel $850.00 BEACH VALLEY, K.T. ExF strike with damaged #26 Herst 55.00 FORT LARNED, KAN VF strike on fine U59 II 36.00 CLEAR DALE, SUMNER CO Kansas 1878 Purple D/L eire ...... Ul63 cane fine Lewenthal 22.50 MID LOTHIAN KANS 1879 in mss ties 3¢ green VF II 29.00 SPRING DALE, KAN, 1866 in mss 3¢ 1861 pen cane Fine II 19.00 FORT HARKER, KAN Clear strike ties /1114 on ExF cover Siegel 57.50 GLENLOCH, KANS. 1889 D/L eire. 2¢ #213 tied & damaged Lewenthal 28.00 Page 39 WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 ------AUCTION ACTION (Cont'd)

MICHIGAN DUBOQUES MINES, MIC.T. bold strike on 1837 stamp­ less "Free" Herst 170.00

MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS, M.T. in VF eire with #11 tied on cover " 30.00 WINONA, M.T. clear baloon strike ties #11 Fine Siegel 45 . 00 FORT SNELLING, MIN & "Due 3" as fwrding from Red Wine Fine " 27.00 HASTINGS, M.T. Fine strike ties #11, Printed C.C. across top of VF cover " 65.00

MISSOURI KANSAS CITY, MO on VF 6- horse stage cover of Southern Overland Mail & Express Co with #158 tied Siegel 190.00

MONTANA HELENA, MONTANA on cover with #114 tied Herst 33.00 FORT KEOGH, MONTANA in ExF blue box, 1881, with ExF strike of Indian Head " 50.00 FORT KEOGH, MONT 1883 ExF strike on Reg cover, fancy rosette cancels Siegel 35.00

NEBRASKA BROWNSVILLE, N.T. 3 clear strikes with #26 & #36 on UlO to Switzerland Siegel 260.00 FORT KEARNEY, N.T. on fine forwarded cover from Mo. #65 tied, to Ft Bridger " 32.50 NEBRASKA CITY, NEB Fine 1861 strike with #18 tied to fine cover, enclosure " 25.00 OTOE CITY, N.T. mss with "Free" & "Racine, Wis" pmk to Vermont VF " 32.50 NEVADA SWEETWATER, NEV in purple Str. line on VF U277 with Siegel 42.50 W-F frank VIRGINIA CITY W-F oval ties 25y Blue Pony stamp to F U34 Harmer 900.00 HUNTINGTON, NEV.ll-21- 92 Mss ties 2¢ 1890 Fine Lewenthal 27.00 AURORA (1860's) 3¢ green - fancy star cane eovertear II 21.00 BELMONT 1867 Str. line pmk 10¢ '61 (68) Fine " 77.50 BRISTOL 1881 D/L eire Ul63 star in eire. Fine " 27.50 Bl~KERVILLE, NEV 5-18-80 mss ties 3¢ green VF " 34.00 CAMP McDERMITT, NEVADA 1867 Blue D/L eire 3¢ 1861 VF II 110.00 CLIFTON, NEV Feb. 2, 1864 on WF U35 bit trimmed II 100.00 ESMERALDA, N.T. Aug 29, 1863- 30¢ 1861 (71) to England " 65 . 00 Fine GOLD HILL N.T. July 9, '62 in mss on 10¢ (U40) Fine II 36.00 GOLD MOUNTAIN 1881 - 3¢ 1861 Cane Fine II 33.00 IONE r.rTY on U59 Early use VF II 27.50 MAMOTH LODGE, NEVADA 3¢ 1861 pen cane VF II 52.00 MINERAL HILL, EUREKA CO. NEV 1855 D/L oval ties 10¢ (209) & U277 Fine " 36.00 WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 40

AUCTION ACTION (Cont'd) NEVADA (Cont'd) NAPIAS 1870 3c (147) 2 - to Nova Scotia II 95 . 00 OREANA, July 16, 1867 D/L eire on W-F U59 with letter Fine II 32 . 50 RYE PATCH 1888 Purple D/L eire on U277 Fine II 28. 50 ST. THOMAS 1890 - lOC (209) & 2¢ (213) tied VF II 30.00 TRUCKEE MEADOWS, N.T. in red - 3¢ 61 VF II 49.00 UNIONVILLE N.T. May 19, 1864 in ross on U35 VF II 55 . 00 PACIFIC UNION EXPRESS, WASHOE CITY U58 Tied Fine II 26.00 THOMAS & SKADAN'S EXPRESS U82 Tied by W-F Reno Fine II 45.00 W. F. CARSON CITY ties Ul63 WF Newspaper stamp VF II 75.00 W. F. SODA SPRINGS ties Ul64 VF II 85.00 WASHOE CITY, NEV VF pmk with 2 #94's each with VF 500.00 strike of Union in Star of David with flag inside; also additional ExF Strike on Fine cover Heiman

NEW MEXICO FERNANDO DE TAOS, N.M. in VF eire with strip of #26 Tied, VF Siegel 230.00 SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO bold strike with "Free" on VF 1851 folded letter II 350 . 00 FRONTERA, N.M . 20 Dec '51, red ross pmk with #10 on VF env with letter II 425.00 GRAFTON, N. MEX. in VF purple circle with "U . S. Mail" ties #207 & #209 to VF cover Herst 28.00 MESILLA, N. MEX. in superb purple octagon ties #188 to VF 3c entire with c . c . " 28.00 FORT BUCHANAN, N.M. in VF 1860 circle on UlO with "via Wash & Stl Louis" " 375 . 00 FORT WINGATE, N. MEX VF 1875 strike with VF #159 tied to ExF cover II 45 . 00 FORT C~lliiNGS, N.M. clear strike with star in circle on neat 3c green entire II 35 . 00 FORT STANTON, NEW MEXICO , clear purple strike, 1879, on 3¢ green entire II 58.00 FORT CRAIG, N.M . #65 not tied on 1863 stained cover II 80.00

OREGON OAKLAND OR in clear blue circle Ties #26 ExF 1861 cvr Siegel 42.00 FORT KLAMATH, OGN purple strike with #184 tied on fine 1882 cover Herst 32.00 PORT ORFORD , O.T . in bold balloon with #15 tied to ExF cover Siegel 300.00 UMPQUA CITY, O. T. VF strike with #13 on cover II 160.00 ASTORIA, OGN. clear strike on VF U32 II 150. 00 CHETCO, OGN Sep 30 in ross 1861 Fine Lewenthal 47.50 TEXAS BRANDON HILL CO. TEXAS 1874 ross cane 3¢ green V9/F Lewenthal 17 . 50 AUSTIN, TEXAS Paid Clll VF coin-style strike in red on ExF stampless Siegel 100.00 HOLLANDALE, TEX. ties fine #33 on J.E. Damon 4-horse stage illustrated Butterfield Route cover, back partly restored, VF appearance Siegel $575.00 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 196 9 Page 41 ------AUCTION ACTION (Cont'd) TEXAS (Cont'd)

LIVINGSTON, TEXAS & 11 V11 in fancy circle, VF strike II 110.00 CALDWELL, TXS & 11 5 11 in red on VF 1849 cover Heiman 44.00 CINCINATTI, TEXAS, rimless arc & ross 11 511 on VF aged 1851 cover Siegel 45.00 WALTER'S STORE, TEX ross pmk on VF UlO II 32.50 MATAGORDA, TEXAS, Hay 21 in 3 str lines & mss 11 10" VF II 80 . 00 FORT BELNAP, TEXAS & "Paid 3cts" on VF 1859 cover t o St. Louis Herst 65.00

UTAH CAMP FLOYD, UTAH arcon stampless cover, stains, 1859 Mormon letter Herst 120 . 00 SALT LAKE CITY,U.T. in 2 strl lines & "5" & "X" VF strikes on folded letter Siegel 850.00 VIRGINIA, UTAH 10¢ star die (U33) rare Fine Lewenthal 190.00 CARSON CITY U. T. 10¢ 1857 (35) pen cane . Letter Fine II 210.00

WASHINGTON CHENEY, SPOKANE CO, Was Ter 1886 good strike in oval on VF UX 8 Lewenthal 19.00 BRENTS, WASH 1886 2¢ (210) VF II 17. 00 OLYMPIA, W. T. ties 6¢ Interior (018) legal size VF II 19 . 00 OLYMPIA W. TY clear strike with #94 tied on ExF cover Siegel 35 . 00 VANCOUVER W. T. ties 1131 to VF cover with mss "via Tehuantepec" II 220.00 SUMNER, WASH TERR on VF cover with 11210, VF letter written in Alaska Herst 25.00 FORT SIMCOE, WASH TERR in 1885 VF octagon, #210 tied Indian Agency c . c . II 30.00 WI SCONSIN DODGEVI LLE, W.T . & 11 5 11 in VF blue strikes on ExF 1846 stampless Herst 46.00 FORT WINNEBAGO, WIS T. in red & "5" mss on VF 1846 stamp less II 35.00 STOCKBRIDGE, W. T. & "Paid 10" both in ross on VF 1847 folded letter II 37 . 50 GREEN BAY, Wis T. in bold red strike & mss "2511 on VF folded letter Siegel 22.00 WYOMING

CAMP STAMBAUGH, WYO . 1875 Ex, strike 3¢ green tied VF Lewenthal $ 46.00 ISLAY, WYOMING TERRITORY in sawtooth oval #210 VF · Siegel 23.00 RAWHIDE BUTTES, WYO 1885 in D. C.with #210 tied to cover, ragged where opened, corner card running Herst 26.00 water Wyo T. LOOKOUT, WYO, 1888 & entwined U.S. Mail tying #213 to VF cover " 27 . 50 RONGIS, Wyo 1885 in VF purple octagon with #210 to ExF cover " 26 . 00 WESTERN EXPRESS - APRIL 1969 Page 42 ------* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ADVERTISEMENTS * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

OLD U.S. COVERS ARE MY SPECIALTY "THE PROOF OF THE PUDDING IS IN WHAT DO YOU NEED THE EATING" For immediate action WRITE FOR and everlasting satisfa·ction MY FREE SPECIAL LISTS sell your collection to us or through us. * AMERICAN STAMPLESS COVER CATALOG Over thi rty years PAPER BOUND,POSTPAID $5.00 of Happy Relationship with clients * is our best testimonial E. N. S A M P S 0 N ROBERT A. SIEGEL 10 East 52nd St. P. 0. Box 592 Bath, N.Y. 14810 New York, N. Y., 10022

WANTED TO BUY FOREIGN COVERS We are especially interested in 19th OLD and RARE century & early 20th century of the entire world, but will also buy 1st BOOKS and PRINTS flight & first day ~overs of the more modern period. BOUGHT SOLD We carry one of the largest stock of You are sure to find something foreign covers and stamps i n the U.S. in our large stock Approvals sent per want lists. of western material UNITED STATES Visit us when in San FrAncisco We are also int erested in buying worthwhile U.S. stamps and ·covers. J 0 H N H 0 W· E L L Want lists also filled on these from 434 Post Street our large stock. San Francisco, California WILLIAM 0 , BILDEN 214 Upper Midwest Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn. 55401 WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 43

Rates per issue are as follows: **************** * Full page $30.00; half page $15 . 00 * · ADVERTISEMENTS * quarter page $7.50; one~eighth page * * $4 . 00. Net. Mail Direct to : **************** * M. C. Nathan, Editor 94 Biscayne Drive San Rafael , Calif.

WESTERN COVERS WANTED: STILL WANT TO BUY WESTERNS - TERRITORIALS - RAILROAD Expresses, Ships, Territorial Pack­ COVERS ets, Postmarks, Covers of all types during 1845-70 period. Letter sheets Particularly want and other Collateral material al so California, all periods desired. We can supply Western Nevada, all periods Material for the Collector who i s first beginning to accummulate Oregon - Early through 1890's Western Covers , and we can add rare Plus Alaska, Hawaii, Arizona, Colo. and choice items to enhance the Also fancy cancels, on or off cover. albums of a well known collection, anything from a Ghost Town Cover to WILL TRADE a rare Pony Express Cover . Writ e covers or older s.tamps of U.S . and and let us know your wants or ask British Empire for our auction catalog which often contains fine Western items . ROSS JOHN A. FOX Box 98 Oakdale, Calif. 110 West 42nd Street New York 36, N.Y .

ALWAYS WANT TO BUY

Choice U. S. stamps and covers WESTERN COVER AUCTION Autograph letters and documents IN . PREPARATION of importance.

Old maps, broadsides, political, SUITABLE MATERIAL SOLICITED philatelic and numismatic items. FOR AUCTION OR CASH PURCHASE

Regular auctions in New York City CORRESPONDENCE INVITED ROBERT LEWENTHAL FREE AMERICANA ANU AUCTION LISTS 1700 Broadway TO MEMBERS OF WESTERN COVER SOC. San Francisco, Calif. 94109

BRUCE GIMELSON Telephone 776-4767 FORT WASHINGTON INDUSTRIAL PARK FORT WASHINGTON, PENNSYLVANIA 19034 WESTERN EXPRESS -APRIL 1969 Page 44

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ADVERTISEMENTS * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

U.S . 19th Cent ury Cover collections purchased. U. S. COVERS

My stock of covers is strong

Approvals sent out, in all periods from stampless by Topics, States & Issues to modern, Alabama to Wyoming. References essential. What would you like to see ?

References, please. AL ZIMMERMAN 843 Van Nest Avenue HENRY M. SPELMAN III Bronx, N. Y. 10462 P.O. BOX 488 ASDA - USPCS - MCS - CSA - etc. Lexington, Mass. 02173

WANTED - Commission & Collection picturing old railroad trains showing depot, Wells Fargo Office and agent on platform. Also W.F . service pins, porcelain s i gn, hat THIS badge, stagecoach letterheads,etc. JOHN FENDRICK SPACE 45 COLLI ER CIRCLE FOR RIDLEY PARK, PA. 19078 SALE W A N T E D

AN ASSOCIATE EDITOR FOR TERRITORIAL TIMES CONTACT THE EDITOR IF INTERESTED