Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy The Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy does not accept responsibility for the views expressed by individual authors. No part of the publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the expressed written consent of the editors of the Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy. © 2014 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise specified, no article or portion herein is to be reproduced or adapted to other works without the expressed written consent of the editors of the Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy. ii Support the Journal The Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy (ISSN# 1081-0463) is a student- run journal published annually at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. An annual subscription is $10 for students, $10 for individuals, and $40 for libraries and institutions. Additional copies of Volumes I–XVI may be available for $10 each from the Subscriptions Department, Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy, 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Donations provided in support of the Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy are tax deductible as a nonprofit gift under the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University’s IRS 501(c) (3) status. Please specify intent. Send address changes to: Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Or by e-mail to:
[email protected] iii Acknowledgements The editorial board of the Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy would like to thank the following individuals for their generous support and contributions to the publication of this issue: Richard Parker, Faculty Advisor Martha Foley, Publisher Pamela Ardila, Copy Editor Yiqing Shao, Graphic Designer David Ellwood, Dean of the John F.