easier number CENTRAL EDITION DISBAND THE

THEY KILLED SPECIALS' ARTHUR LEONARD KEEP UP PROTESTS! « Connolly Assoc'n call for Unity CO far as is known no disciplinary measures ** have been carried out against the 'B' Specials who were responsible for the death of Arhtur Leonard. Storm of protest rises on a world-wide scale—but the Stormont Government stonewalls all criticisms, dis- regards all representations. Therefore the protests must be stepped up. Arthur Leonard was bringing a friend home from a dance, and gave two young girls a lift just before he saw a blockage in the main road. According to one of the girls, shots were fired as RESOLUTIONS he turned into a side road; he brought his van Resolutions along these lines were passed in to a stop, and shots continued. Later he was Manchester, London, Nottingham and Birming- found dead over the steering wheel. ham; at the Acton repair depot of the London The "B" Specials claim he refused to stop—so Transport Authority a hundred and fifty they shot, instead of taking their car and pur- workers signed a petition demanding the dis- suing him. bandmcnt of the "B" Specials and a thorough BUT—they admit the van came to a standstill enquiry into the whole affair. A deputation of steadily and in a normal manner. workers was elected to visit the House of Com- AND—medical evidence is that Leonard suffered mons, led by Mr. Eamonn MacLoughlin, Gn injuries which Tuesday, March 29th, and make representations (1) blew away part of his brain; to friendly M P.s. (2) injured the leg he would use to apply the brake. West Ealing No. 2 Branch of th? National So a juryman asked the key question: — Union of Railwjymen passed a resolution of "The driver had a bullet in his brain! How protest. could a van with such a driver stop in an But the British Government is pretending ordinary way?" the issue is an internal one for Northern Ire- land, in which they have no power to inter- PECULIAR STATE vene. The Government of Ireland Act is specific that Westminster is the paramount AWYER Curran demanded a verdict of authority. j-J murder. The Specials had deliberately ex- ceeded their duty. Said the Coroner: "The law The Northern Ireland Government not only which Mr. Curran quoted applies only to Eng- should never have had any powers, but it is land. The law in the Six Counties is in a pecu- abusing them now it has got them. Britain liar state . . ." He then explained the provisions cannot escape responsibility. of the notorious Special Powers Act. Speaking at the West London protest meeting Within three days of the occurrence the Con- held in Paddington and attended by a fair MISS NANCY O'GEOGHcGAN, who is engaged nolly Association had printed thousands of sprinkling of English people, Mr. Patrick Clancy leaflets giving the essential facts, and protest said: — to be married to Mr. Jeremiah Murphy. meetings were held in London, Manchester, Birmingham and Nottingham. " The British workers will demand that Speakers demanded:— while the Westminster Government both The responsible persons be put on trial. asserts and maintains its paramountcy in GHOSTS HAUNT CAMP The "B" Specials should be disbanded. Northern Ireland, civil liberties in the areas Pending their disbarvdment, no more patrols. should be no less favourable than they are in The repeal of the Special Powers Act. Britain". SITES The ending of partition. —Continued on Page Two CPEECH of the day at the " Irish Democrat" conference on the health and social conditions of Irish BIRMINGHAM TRADES COUNCIL immigrants was Eamonn Smullen's witty description of Northern Scot- land hydro-electric camp-site condi- DISCUSSES PARTITION tions, and "digs" in London. A stretch of 36 hours' continuous work Editor criticises Councillor's challenge is quite common in Scottish sites, and IRISH DEMOCRAT REPORTER men refer to it as a "ghoster"— because that's what you look like NEVER saw a finer body of men in one room," commented afterwards. Eamonn Lyons after attending the Birmingham Trades Irish-born peop'.e living in London have Council meeting as a visitor when Desmond Greaves, Editor of three to four times as much tuberculosis as London-born peool?. said Dr. Mar- the Irish Democrat, addressed the Council on the subject of the Donald, Scottish tuberculosis expert. partition of Ireland. This was a challenge to the Connolly ...... time, and was imposed by trickery and Association and social service organisa- Mr„ Lyons considered the level of ' , , T - J. ,, . tions. Sean MacDermott . . .. , „ maintained by force. It has meant that Most important decision of conference debate well above that of the House Ire]and had forma, indcpendence in came from Mr. Lyons, who deputising for of Kilticlogher, Co. Leitrim, one of Commons, whose visitors' gallery Twenty-Six Counties, but the economic Mr. Logan on behalf of W:\st London Con- of the immortal seven who is no strange place to him. advantages of independence were denied nolly Association proposed a " lodgers' signed the proclamation. The " Irish Democrat " Editor's case was by the exclusion of the industrial areas of charter." This would bring " digs " effec- that partition was contrary to the wishes the North. To make things worse, parti- tively under the Rent Act by compelling (See Page Five). of both the Irish and British people at the tion had been cleverly followed up, and landladies to state how much ol th.'ir the one hope of reunification of the bill was for the rent o! the room and how country, a united Labour Movement, had much lor food. It was necessary to lav been bedevilled by a cunning follow-up of clown certain minimum standards oi partition. The splitting of the Labour room, food and amenitv. and ll it was GENERAL ELECTION Movement was the worst consequence of not possible to make adherence compul- partition. (Continued on Page Three) ASK THE CANDIDATE QUESTIONS IRISH DELEGATES \1THILE it looked as if Labour would be Therefore Irish men and women would Many Irish delegates took part in the at sixes and sevens over tho right do worse than attend as many election discussion, including the stalwart anti- partitionist Mr. Carleton. CHARTIST TO BE wings efforts to expel Mr. Bevan, young meetings as they can and, while making their points in a calm and persuasive man- " It was a pleasure to see delegates get- Tories decided here was the chance to get ting up and proudly declaring they were COMMEMORATED rfd o? Winston Churchill. ner. leave candidates in no doubt about Irish,' commented Mr. Lyons. The old guard of Toryism had wanted their views. Ask the candidate straight, The Editor criticised Birmingham Cor- 'PHE initiative of ths Nottingham will he demand the repeal of the Ireland " Branch of the Connolly Association is to say nothing and let the split In labour's poration policy in relation to immigrant Act. will he insist on the restoring of de workers, saying that in going to London restoring Interest In the great Irish ranks grow wider The young pups did the Labour movement, a service by warn- mocracy m the Six Counties, will lie work and asking the Government would they chartist leader, Feargus O'Connor, whose for the end'ng of partition. pass laws to keep immigrants out of Eng- statue stands in their Arboretum. He ing it 111 time of where ffce' policy of The electors are entitled t,o know. land, they were laying the basis for racial was Nottingham's first M.P. heresy-limiting leads to discrimination against those already here. This year is the centenary of his doath, But whenever the election is, May, June Every working man, Irish or British, He believed the correct thing to do was and Chris Maguire has proposed that the or October the election fever is now on. will gain advantage from the return of a to secure a proper balance between in- Connolly Association and other working- II i:, of the greatest interest to Irish Labour Government; but it is of great im- dustry and houses If there were 50.000 class organisations commemorate the people not only which government has portance that that Labour Government jobs created, 50,000 workers would come should be pledged to the most forward occasion next August by laying a wreath. p'lWT in Britain, but what policy that and they would need houses just as much The Nottingham Trades Council, with policy. A numbor of Labour spokesmen whatever place they came from. "ll-, •rnmrnl is elected on. whom Mr. Maguirc raised the question, have suggested that present policy discus- The prospective M.P. is even more cap- sions may create a more favourable atmos- Councillor Allen, Sparkhill, said he was are now pressing that the statue should opposed to partition but protested be cleaned and restored to a more able of being responsive to public opinion pHcre for a Governmant pledged against partition. (Continued on Page Two) prominent position in the city. than the clectc.1 one. April 1955 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 3

2 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT April 1955 > * THE MEN OF EASTER WEEK 1 * I DISBAND THE * WISH DEMOCRAT > 53 Rosoman Street, London, E.C.I * 'B' SPECIALS | HEALTH OF IRISH EXILES » All communications to Subscription Rates: » Continued from Page One Dr. Simon Sevitt's opening speech at the Conference * The Edit or, • 12 months 5/6 » ELECTIONS * DESMOND GREAVES 6 months 2/9 I Mr. Desmond Greaves urged that the at the Hoi born Hall, London, W.C.J * Advertisements: 101- per column inch; or by arrangement question of the "B" Specials'5 and Special \ I OST of the emigrants from the rural areas of Ireland Let me quote an example. Fifteen men were digging Powers should be brought into the forth- are small farmers. the sons ol small farmers and the foundations ot a new building on an old bomb-site. coming election campaign. The Irish agricultural workers. Prom the towns come in the main Behind them was a high brick skeleton of a wall, formerly influence was strong in many West Lon- unskilled workers. The women are their sisters and part of a building destroyed by Nazi bombers during the BEVANISM IN THE don constituencies; Irish people should cousins. Although many of the men continue to enter the last war. The wall was cracked in various places. During attend the political meetings ol the building trade, the catering industry and agriculture and the digging, the wall collapsed on the men, burying ten of various parties and judge for them- many of the girls beeome waitresses, nurses or domestic ser- them under a pile of bricks. Eight were Englishmen and ANTI-PARTITION selves who gave straight answers and vants. there is now a growing tendency for Irish labour to two were Irish (unfortunately three men died). The high who prevaricated on this question. The enter the transport industry and to become employed in proportion of Irishmen among the casualties was merely Labour Movement was in the midst of engineering, textile, tobacco factories and the like. Many due to the fact that five of the 15 workers at risk were LEAGUE? great policy upheavals. Irish influence of the problems they face are not specific to the Irish. They Irish. About the accident itself, it should be asked whether T^KE crisis in the Anti-Partition League, | should be cast in two directions—main- affect not only most other immigrants, but also the mass of it was inevitable or avoidable. ' which kept its councillors eight hours taining its unity, restoring its traditional British workers to a greater or lesser degree. It should be anti-imperialist policy. It is not only in the building industry that Irish and taEking in Manchester, is at bottom the emphasized that the solution of these problems cannot be same as that wnich affects the British attained by isolated action by the Irish but only through British workers are exposed to loss of life and limb. Acci- If only the Irish _ people were united Labour Party. joint action by the Irish and the British through their dents occur in many factories. For example, a Belfastman EAMONN CEANNT THOMAS MAGDONAGH now. this was the time to influence public was working in a well-known Birmingham factory in an opinion. organisations. The dilemma before the two organisa- electroplating plant. Part of the job was to empty a large tions, one Irish nationalist, the other Speaking at Birmingham, Mr. E. Mac- The health problems before us are not only the develop- vat of strong acid every day or two so that the bottom could Laughlin said the Irish must organise. British working-class, is very simply ment and prevention of specific diseases like tuberculosis, be cleaned. The vat was emptied by siphonage and to insert stated. It is "Can we achieve our objects The Connolly Association had addressed dust diseases, etc.—which mi^ht be termed the negative the siphon tube into th& acid, the worker had to walk or an appeal to the Anti-Partition League by collaborating politically with British aspects of health—but also the promotion of the maximum crawl along a narrow plank over the vat. This was called imperialism?" that they should break free from the degree of positive health. We are concerned with illness, the "catwalk" by the men. One day the man or the plank, death-clasp of the Knights, and join the tiredness and strain associated with overwork, migratory or both, slipped and the poor chap fell into the acid, suffered it is because the leaders of each have Association in a struggle against Six- employment, lackof home life, overcrowded lodgings, irregu- extensive burns from which he died. Can anything be done believed they could answer this question County oppression and the partition of the lar meals, etc. We have to consider the alleged accident- to avoid these accidents? At the inquest,"the deceased's bro- by "Yes" that all their problems are here country. Mr. Lyons had hoped that this proneness of Irish workers in industry, to discuss how ther said that everyone knew the job was dangerous and to-day. time there would be a response. industrial accidents arise and how they can be prevented. that the plank was too narrow. Ask the average Irishman his opinion To escape unemployment or under-employment in Ire- We have to ask whether the management paid enough of Labour and he will tell you who passed COURTESY land, the migrants seek jobs in Britain. At present employ- attention to the technique of emptying a vat of acid and the Ireland Act—making partition perma- ment of one kind or another is available in most areas, but whether automatic, mechanical means was not possible? nent. More occasionally he will see that Mr. Tadhg Feehan, once again, had not the passage of this act was just the parti- even offered the courtesy of a reply. It doubts as to how long this will continue helps to produce a state of economic insecurity. Although there are jobs for TN general the prevention of accidents involves the exami- cular application to Ireland of a world- PATRICK PEARSE is generally known that the Anti-Partition wide policy of working with instead of League is in a state of profound crisis. It the seeking, it is a different matter when it comes to decent * nation of the hazards of every process and of every job. living conditions. How many young Irishmen and women This is the management's responsibility. Many employers against imperialism—the other aspects is all but powerless to do anything itself were visible in Malaya, Kenya, and in re- —despite its remaining generous and are living in grossly overcrowded lodgings? In Birmingham do play their part in upgrading safety measures, but there it is not uncommon for four or six men (indeed sometimes are otherj who are not so concerned. In my opinion workers lation to European questions. The Seven Signatories of the genuine membership in a number of Joseph Plunkett centres—and a section of its • leaders is eight, ten or more) to share a room and it is not unknown should insist on effective health and safety committees on Because it offered only a pale imitation Proclamation determined that it shall not accept a lead that the same bed is slept in by day and night shift workers. which they are fully represented. Some factories already of conservatism Labour lost its magnifi- from those who can and will do some- These congested conditions are ideal for the spread of cer- have such committees. Probably workers' representatives on cent post-war majority, and the Bevanites 1916 thing. tain infectious diseases. Respiratory infections like colds these committees should be linked with the shop stewards' and thosa further to the left of them and influenza flourish. So too can more serious illnesses like organisation working closely with the appropriate trade hope to get it back by returning to origi- James Connolly Page 5 TOM CLARKE "It is a tragic position." said Mr. Lyons, meningitis and pulmonary tuberculosis. unions. Such collective organisation could do much to point "and arises from the fact that though the nal Labour principles in a number of Sean MacDiarmada Page 1 out hazards of jobs and processes and increase safety at a things. members of the League are grand anti- Consider the danger to a group of young men or women factory level. Imperialists, the leaders have pursued the under such conditions if one of them has a cough which Irishmen should therefore take consi- fatal Redmond policy of trying to come perhaps unknown to himself, is due to tuberculosis of the Every worker should know that lie lias the right to see derable interest in current discussions to a compromise with imperialism." lungs. Not only is the sufferer in danger but his spreading the factory inspector and complain to him about lack of within the Labour ranks. If there was In contrast to the Anti-Partition of tuberculosis germs endangers the health of those who safety or hygiene, etc. Unfortunately the inspectors' visits now a united Irish front, able to address League's inactivity, meetings were held live with him. The problem of tuberculosis among the immi- are infrequent due to the ridiculously small number of itself with one voice to British Labour, in Dublin and elsewhere, principally by grant Irish is accentuated because the majority come from factory inspectors who are quite unable to cope with a then the unity of Ireland could be in- the Sinn Fein organisation, which many rural areas in Ireland where tuberculosis is uncommon. fraction of the work they are expected to do. cluded among the "Bevanite" slogans, Irish workers wili work together with their British thousands attended. County councils Because of this, many have never previously been ex- and since the "left" are going to win, passed resolutions condemning the "B" colleagues for increased safety measures and elimination of among the slogans of a future Labour posed to the disease, as a result they have not acquired any risks. Pressure by trade unions and political organisations camps, scores of thousands have been in- Specials. The Sinn Fein "United Irish- resistance to it and are highly susceptible. Exposure to tuber- government. political slavery, should at all times man" made the demand. "Disband the needs to be applied in order to multiply the number of fac- choose its own weapons and esteem all discriminately shot and killed by the Home culosis occurs not only in lodgings but also at work, in tory inspectors and see that safety precautions are rigidly Why is there no united front of Irish THE GENIUS OF Guard (or "B" Specials!). B' Specials" its principal slogan, inde- crowded factories, kitchens, etc,. It is now known that the as sacred instruments of righteousness, pendently adopting exactly the same enforced. people in Britain? Here we come to the but the war of nation against nation in As far back as 1905 Sir Charles Eliot, incidence of tuberculosis among, say the Irish born in Lon- Accidents are not the only hazards of industry. Dust Anti-Partition League. What a bang that Commissioner for the East African Pro- standpoint as the leaflets published by don is several times that among the London born. This is CONNOLLY the interests of royal freebooters and the 'Irish Democrat." diseases like silicosis affect hundreds of thousands of organisation started with! The grand cosmolopolitan brigands is an accursed tectorate, boasted that— partly due to the conditions under which they are forced to workers. The entry of more and more Irishmen into the meetings! The enthusiasm! Where is it "East Africa will probably become in Mr. Jeremiah Murphy, Plumbers' Union live, and partly to their lack of acquired resistance. by thing." branch secretary, at one of the London mining industry will produce the same effect on their lungs all to-day? He acted too, by opposing the 1914 war a short time a white man's country, in meetings, urged all trade unionists to en- It is seldom due to their having tuberculosis on leaving as it has on their Welsh, English and Scottish co-workers. It has been killed by the Anti-Partition as being only in the interests of the free- which native questions will present but sure resolutions were passed in their Ireland since most ol them come from rural areas where These Irishmen need to be told how silicosis arises, how Leaders' right-wing policy. They have PAT DEVINE booters and cosmopolitan brigands; and little interest." branches; he made an appeal to Irishmen there is little tuberculosis. Congestion and overcrowding at frequent it is. what incapacity results. consistently associated Irish unity with by playing his full part in the Easter Re- But the African people, like the people of different standpoints to unite on this home (and at work) multiply the opportunities for infec- Irish immigrants who propose to enter mining and the idea of a war by the "West" against T this time of the year men's minds bellion and the proclamation of the Re- of Ireland and oppressed peoples the world . Issue. tion: overwork, tiredness and irregular meals help to reduce foundries and other industries in which dust is a hazard, the "East"—statement after statement A turn to many things—spring, Good public he not only struck a blow for Irish over, are on. the move. And, as Connolly whatever resistance they possess to infection. should know the facilities that are provided for their pro- made on their platforms proves It. And Friday, Easter Week etc.—from each of sovereignty, but set an example and gave said, their efforts "to free themselves from tection. the medical organisation which is available for the since this would be a typical British im- which they gain different sorts of inspira- a lead to subject peoples the world over. the debasing conditions of economic and rpHE solution to the tuberculosis problem among lmmi- early diagnosis of dust diseases and should use them Only perialist war, they find they cannot make political slavery ... are righteous" and tion, guidance and confidence. * grants requires social activity on various fronts. Immi- then can they take an intelligent interest in their own pro- any headway. should be supported. BIRMINGHAM grants who have difficulty in obtaining satisfactory lodging tection, and if the underground, pithead or medical facili- Unfortunately the leaders representing My mind turns to that grandest of Irish- National Upsurge MALAYA accommodation, should be provided with accommodation in ties are insufficient, they will not be backward in joining this policy were more successful with their men, James Connolly, and all that he —Continued from Page One decent, well-kept hostels where well-cooked meals can be their British colleagues in pressing for better conditions. expulsions than right-wing Labour has stood and died for. Since Connolly's death colonial peoples Since 1948 British imperialism has con- strongly against this point of view. He obtained at a reasonable cost. This is particularly important been, and the Anti-Partition League has and oppressed nations the world over have ducted a bitter, unrelenting struggle - defended the policy of restricting immi- for migrant workers like those in agriculture and in the I ET us next consider briefly the social evils which face for some time been known to be moribund Connolly's greatness rested in the simple risen in revolt against the imperialist cos- against the national liberation movement, gration. He challenged the Editor of the building trade. A man or woman is entitled to a bedroom * J the young immigrant Irishman and woman. These arise and ineffective. fact that he was one of the very few pre- mopolitan brigands. All the devices used against the Irish without having to share it with others. It is said that instead "Irish Democrat" to say where the Cor- from overcrowded living conditions, lack of a home life and But it Is not yet quite a corpse; the 1914 socialists who fully grasped the need In country after country. Kings, Czars movement in the 1920's and many more of increasing the number of hostels which exist, the authori- poration was to build houses for the occu- same criticism that affects right-wing of Labour Republican unity in the struggle and Kaisers who wallowed in luxury at have been tried in a forlorn- hope of ties here are closing down many, even though immigration parental control, lack of economic security and are aggra- pation of immigrant workers. vated by migration from place to place. Labour affects its own leadership also. So for national independence and social ad- the expense of the well-being of their smashing the movement. Prisoners have is as high as ever. peoples, have been replaced by men of no been beheaded after torture; villages have In reply. Mr. Desmond Greaves said two The lure of false adventure or easy money is an outlet now it has been announced that "trade vance. questions that were unrelated were being Secondly, medical facilities need to be provided or ex- for the frustrated creative ability and healthy activity of the unionists of no matter which party" are property. been blown up and the inhabitants put confused. tended to seek out the early cases of tuberculosis and to young adult, it is an alternative to long hours of work and to be encouraged to participate. Connolly lived and died in a period when The hundreds of millions of Indians for in concentration camps, fabulous bribes Councillor Allen seemed to think the offer preventive vaccination for those who may require it an escape from drab lodgings and possibly a nagging land- This is a belated admission that the the entire world was in the hands of generations oppressed by British imperial- have been offered to informers for infor- way to avoid overcrowding was to keep This will include the extension of the mass radiography lady. I do not wish to imply that many young Irish girls are Connolly Association was right in pointing imperialism; when British Toryism could ism have made great progress towards mation likely to lead to the capture of the people from coming into Birmingham to scheme to likely groups of workers on the job for example slreet walkers or many Irishmen become criminals, but it to the British Labour movement as the boast that "the sun never set on the national liberation. liberation leaders, crops have been sprayed A restaurant, building and railway workers and constructional In China 600 millions have thrown off with poisonous chemicals, napalm bombs live. In that case industry m Birming- there is only one he or she is one too many. And unfortu- vital force. But did they need to wreck British Empire"; when millions of colonial sites should be visited. The B.C.G. vaccination scheme the yoke of foreign oppression and plun- have been dropped on villages, rations ham was going to be undermanned and its nately the newspapers make the most of it. their organisation to find it out? peoples were ground down in virtual against tuberculosis needs to lie extended to thuse who have The conference in Liverpool in May der. and are joyfully building up the type have been cut to starvation levels. further development would have to be re- We cannot wait for long-term social reforms to abolish slavery in the interests ot the profiteers. stricted. But when the matter was more not vet required resistance. Propaganda among doctors should give occasion lor much soul-search- of society Connolly believed in. But all in vain, the national liberation needs lo be increased. Irish doctors in Britain should be these evils. A lead in the right direction has been given by closely examined, it was found that Coun- Betty Harrison. National Organiser of the Tobacco Workers- ing. But tf the League is going to pay He dedicated his life to reversing this The idea of national independence and movement lives and grows stronger. cillor Allen had no objection to Welshmen drawn m. attention to the working class, it must social advance personified by Connolly Since 1949 the Press has regularly re- Union who. dealing with this problem at the rerent TU state of affairs. or Lancashire men coming into Birming- I-et us nexl consider the question ol accidents at work Conference organised by the Connolly Association said I at least be certain there iS nothing anti- over forty years ago and decried by Im- ported that "the bandits and terrorists" " perialism and its time servers as an im- ham. but every objection to those who and the alleged accident proneness of Irishmen. In my ex sometimes think we do not have sufficient amenities for working class in its policy. Let it, above have been defeated and the troops will came across the sea What made him penencc certain types of industrial accidents are more all, avoid association with any sectarian Just and Unjust Wars possible dream, has become a powerful soon be home. young people in the trade unions. If we can get over the material force inspiring oppressed peoples think that lie could prevent overcrowding frequent among Irishmen than among British workers Tins first two years or so these girls do become integrated in the groupings within the Labour movement Alas, the tfwops are still there and will by keeping some people out, and not is not because the Irish are less skilful, more cureless or which have brought such tragedy In Aus- Over forty years ago-August 22nd, 1914 the world over. remain there until the people of Britain I'.U ) movement and meet the right sort of friends and go Irishmen should be proud of their great others? The problem of housing was quite more thoughtless than others, but merely because so many and lodge with decent families. But it is the first, coming tralia. Let it remember that Irish inde- to be precise as the first world war was demand their return or the liberation different from the problem of immigra- engage m dangerous work. pendence is in the interests of the whole getting into its stride, Connolly wrote:— compatriot. They should join the Connolly movement drives them out in defeat. over which is the problem and if something could be done Association which is dedicated to popu- tion. Many Irishmen become building workers and the build- with the authorities to see that these girls are not adrift British working class, and not only of a "The war of a subject nation for inde- ing industry has. alter mining, the highest incidence ot part. pendence, for its right to live its own larising and fighting for the things for N reply Lo a letter lrom Mr. G'aliir Healy, we should save a lot ol trouble." which he gave his life. Britain's Dilemma accidents. In Birmingham, for example, a high proportion If this is seen, then perhaps the day life in its own wav. may and can be I who took up the matter at the request In conclusion, the outline which I have presented about ol the spidermen, as constructional engineers are known, might come when the repeated invitations justified as holy and righteous, the war of "Irish Democrat." the Lord Mayor of the social and health problems which face Irish immigrants In every part of the Empire the im- , are Irishmen It is not surprising therefore that Irishmen made by the Connolly Association (now of a subject class to free itself from the Imperialism on defensive perialist fist is being challenged. National Birmingham wrote; is by no means exhaustive. Those who follow will no doubt are involved in the loss of life and limb in a considerable lill in many of the gaps, and give concrete examples from considerably the stronger body) will be debasing conditions of economic and liberation and social advance as put for- "Discrimination is neither likely nor number of building trade accidents Consequently it l.s to be their own experience. Some of the problems will be easier accepted. That might, paradoxically Although imperialism has suffered ward by James Connolly is the aim for possible . . . and you may rest assured expected that the overall frequency of industrial accidents to solve than others It is our duty and privilege here to enough, restore the League to its former serious reverses since they murdered Con- which the colonial people are fighting. that there is no intention or desire on in many parts of Britain involves a high proportion of Irish- raise them and then do what we can to help solve them position its first constitution was drawn nolly. or maybe because of these reveress, It is ironical that in this time of crisis th« part of the Council of this City to men. up by the chairman of the Connolly Asso- GHOSTS HAUNT CAMP SITES it is lighting back more ruthlessly than S. SEVITT. imperialism should call upon a Northern , attempt to discriminate in any way in ciation! ever before. Irishman to try and stem the tide. —Continued from Page One respect of Irish persons living in this General Templar, the designated Chief City." son, it might be possible to persuade IRELAND of the Imperial General Staff, notorious local authorities to compile a list of land- While no doubt this Is a genuine expres- In the Six Counties the trigger-happy for his actions in Malaya, has been called ladies who voluntarily agreed to observe sion of desire, the fact remains that on CAMDEN TOWN LODGERS' PROTEST "B" Specials have re-started their mur- in to apply to the rest of the colonial ter- the minimum. Thus u new arrival derous activities and young Arthur ritories his terroristic experiences from January 20th a deputation from Birming- IRISH DEMOCRAT REPORTER was sometimes turned off at the mains. ham requested the Government to restrict Join the \ coming into a city could go to the town Leonard is the most recent victim. Malaya where he was In charge for a Several men slept in one room immigration from Ireland and Jamaica, A NUMBER of Irish lodgers left their Dinner: one small spoonful of mince hall and consult the list. It would be a period. and all efforts by the "Irish Democrnt" ' ' "digs" in Camden Town in protest, with a little gravy; one cup of tea with- How much for the.se luxurious "digs"'' beginning. Other speakers urged the AFRICA Who .shall win? The terrorism of £2 10s. to point out the seriousness of such a step against conditions out sugar. CONNOLLY speedy provision of hostels, as migratory In Kenya, where the people want ele- General Templar, or the national libera- haVe fjnen brushed aside St. Pancras Borough Council told the labour was a feature of modern industry mentary democracy and national rights tion and social advance of QooooUy? This is why: — In • M(lf t» th« Lord Mayor, the "Irish Yet most of the men were working on " Irish Democrat" that men could take under present conditions. in their own country, imperialist brutality On this Easter 1865 we oonfidfntly say Ownaerar pointed out that if the Gov- In the depth of winter beds had only heavy jobs and had to travel considerable such oases to the rent tribunal, but land- Conference was opened by Dr. Simon and murder has reached new heists. James Connolly's ideas will win, •fnmont took the aJvtee of the City two blankets, two sheets and NO pillow- distances to work Those who left before ladies In such cases usually claimed the ASSOCIATION | Sevitt, whose speech appears on Page 2. Hundreds of thousands of native Africans We should do ail we can to guarantee have been herded into concentration Council It would bo bound to lead to dls- slips; 7 a m got only tea from a flask (made the main charge was for food. •MivnaiMaacntniMMaMMM****'"""***'"'**" cosmopolitan brigands is an accursed that this is so. ortmtnatton. II would also tend to por- Breakfast consisted of one egg, three night before) and two tiny sandwiches "Irish Democrat" conference heard pro- p«tl«Ato partition, sMoa Northern Ireland slices of toast, one cup of tea without There was no rebate for meals missed posals to secure control of lodgings com- worfcora oowldnot bo kapt out, but workers from the Republic oould. sugar (sugar was "in" it); The gas fire, for which the lodgers paid. parable with control of ordinary houses. 4 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 5 'NORTHERN IRELAND' - POLICE STATE

N 1920 the British Government was guns and with powers over life and white-washing, and in a few months I laced with the demand ol Ireland property which are practically dicta- By EAMONN MACLAUGHLIN time the first opportunity was taken by the Stormont Government to re- 1939-1955 for independence. Lloyd George orga- torial. Although mainly part-time, they nised three forces of suppression: the have these powers whether in or out of also members of the Orange Order- obstacle to democratic rights not onlv store the provisions. Dr. Mageean, describing how he tried Black and Tans, the Auxiliaries and uniform. They are state police under that is, to supporters of the Unionist by opponents of the regime inside the TO MARK OUR TWENTIETH Six Counties but also by British Labour to put a stop to terrorism in 1935, said: the Special Constabulary. The Tans the Stormont Minister of Home Affairs, (Tory) Party." FACTS —National Council for M.P.s and the British National Council On July 17th, 1935. when Catholic and the Auxiliaries were long ago dis- recruited exclusively from "loyalists." ANNIVERSARY Civil Liberties. for' Civil Liberties. homes were burning; when pitiable lots banded. But the Special Constabulary ". . • There are only two classes in In 1920 the three classes of Special of Catholic furniture made bonfires in the streets of Belfast; when the cam- TO REGISTERED READERS ONLY were taken over by the Northern Ire- Northern Ireland; the loyal and the ^ SSENTIAL to Stonnunt's repressive Constabulary were organised in Belfast- land Government and continue to func- disloyal. The loyal people are the J Class A was whole-time for at least six paign of terror against Catholic life ABOUT IMPERIAL OPPRESSION J machinery, they are protected, ap- and property was at its height, I sent tion as British Imperialism's strong- Orangemen. The disloyal people are plauded and called "the pick of the months. Class B was on occasional THIS the Socialists, Communists and duty, usually one evening a week plus an urgent telegram to the late Lord arm boys in Ireland. There arc over country" by Unionist-Tory Ministers. Craigavon asking him to take steps to IN OCCUPIED IRELAND 10.000 of them. Roman Catholics. . . ." They are the bigger part of a police drills, and Class C was a reserve. Or- —Mr. Hugh Minford. Tory ganised pogroms, preceded by inflam- put an end to the campaign. A letter Thev are armed with rifles and Sten force which imposes on the Six Coun- from his secretary stated that he was MAGNIFICENT OFFER Member, N.I. Parliament. ties one policeman for every 100 per- matory anti-Catholic propaganda, took place that year. Post-war unemploy- "desired by the Prime Minister to ac- "In practice membership of the 'B' sons as compared with one for every ment was beginning and this was knowledge receipt ol my telegram." No 611 in Britain. A force whose nature Specials is confined to persons pro- blamed on "Catholics taking the jobs more. I wrote to Baldwin who was then T. A. JACKSON'S 440-page fessing the Protestant faith who are and power has been condemned as an of Protestants.'' Prime Minister of England. He passed it on to Simon—then Home Secretary. The Specials were in the front of the I was informed by him "That it is the TRADES DISPUTES ACT IN mobs which attacked Catholic houses Government of Northern Ireland that "HISTORY OF IRELAND" and drove Catholic workers from the is responsible for the maintenance of shipyards. In one year 426 were killed law and order in the area within their 10 6 and 1,766 wounded. During this period, jurisdiction. He was "not prepared to IF THEY GERRYMANDERED in November, 1922, the Royal Ulster intervene." 'NORTHERN IRELAND' Constabulary was constituted. Con- YOURS FOR FIVE BOB! tinuing the system of the R.I.C., the But the British Act which set up R.U.C. became the full-time profes- Northern Ireland states: "Notwith- £JURING the twenties there was their employees. Section eight deals section. For every sympathetic strike in LONDON sional police and by agreement reached standing the establishment ol the Par- support of persons outside the strikers' great discontent in the coalmining with the furnishing of returns, etc., to during the Treaty negotiations was liament of N.I, or anything contained HOW TO SECURE YOUR COPY (while they last) the Registrar of Friendly Societies in "trade or industry" (an ambiguous ex- limited to 3,000 members and had to in this Act, the supreme authority of areas in Britain. The miners' agitation Northern Ireland. pression left substantially undefined by THIS IS HOW IT MIGHT LOOK contain a certain proportion of Catho- the Parliament of the U.K. shall re- Fill in what applies below. for more pay and better conditions won the Act) was criminal if likely to coerce lics. main unaffected and undiminished over the Government. Since the words all persons, matters and things in N.I. the support of the peopia generally. In ILLEGAL STRIKE The Stormont Government solved the. Enclose the appropriate sum ancj post to: "hardship" and "community" were also problem presented by these restrictions and every part thereof." 1925, the British Government paid a The sections dealing with illegal undefined it was possible for the Courts by continuing the "B" Section and in —Government of Ireland Act, 53 ROSOMAN STREET, LONDON, E.C.I subsidy to the coalmining industry and strikes (sections one, two and seven) to hold almost any large-scale strike addition to this gave the police (both 1920. Section 75. to be likely to coerce the government f* s7 miners' wages were slightly increased lay down penalties for acts done in fur- R.U.C. and Specials) extraordinary therance of such strikes; they prevent (e.g., to declare a state of emergency LON$ cthe Emergency Powers Act, 1920). 1922-23 was investigated by a Commis- Moreover, the increasing part played by CHURCHILL KEPT areas. refuse to take part in such strikes and sion set up by the National Council for Name protect them from fines or other penal- the Government in trade disputes, Civil Liberties. The Government subsidy was with- ties; they deprive persons acting in either as an employer or as a conciliator "Under these Acts the Home Mini- IRELAND OUT drawn in 1926 and this was followed contemplation or furtherance of such or arbitrator, rendered the expression ster of Northern Ireland is furnished Address "calculated to cosrce the government" PUBLICATION of Yalta discussions immediately by action on the part of strikes of the normal immunity from with what are practically dictatorship 1 capable of wide interpretation. by America has put Britain on the the mine owners to reduce wages and the ordinary law of civil conspiracy powers, and he may delegate these spot over Ireland. Supplier's Name .' lengthen hours of work. In their de- conferred bv the Trade Disputes Act Even the right to call a primary strike powers to any police officer. The Acts It was Churchill who kept Ireland out termination to break the miners' oppo- of 1906. was to some extent threatened, for if give unlimited powers of search and of the United Nations. sition to the cuts, the owners declared such a strike had any object in addition seizure, and the Home Minister may In the event of such strikes, the Year by year the usual anti-national- Supplier's Address .' a lock-out. to the furtherance of a "trada dispute" make new regulations creating new trade unions involved are not immune ists in nationalist cloaks have been and was likely to coerce the govern- crimes at will. Habeas corpus is sus- I ENCLOSE 5/- FOR THE BOOK. The General Council of the Trades from being held responsible in civil spreading the lie that it was Russia. ment, it was illegal. A strike concern- pended, persons may be arrested on Union Congress called a general strike courts for acts done by their officials ing conditions of labour, but having as suspicion only and they may be kept Absolutely alone among newspapers, in support of the locked-out miners. and their funds can be taken to meet * If you are not yet a REGISTERED READER one of its objects the promotion of legis- p AST LONDON votes Labour. in prison Indefinitely without a trial. the " Irish Democrat "—on the evidence Some 1,500,000 workers responded to the damages awarded to employers in such lation to enforce the dssired conditions Persons may also be interned indefi- of the statements of the several parties call. (Although called a "general strike" civil actions. Apart from LewiStiam iwnich you can become one by filling in the Form on might, for example, have been held nitely on the recommendation of a —denied this. We knew Ireland's many large categories of workers were returns Herbert Morrison in Finally, section seven of the Act em- illegal on this ground. police officer, and there is no right of enemies better. Page Three, and enclosing either 10/- (Book, not called upon to strike, for example, General Elections) all Tory appeal against such imprisonment or Now Mr. Sean MacBride, with the powers the Attorney-General, in addi- .. . Penalties were imposed upon the the Civil Service, hospital employees, tion to other persons entitled to do so, boroughs are in a fairly compact internment. Cases may ba heard in Yalta facts in his hands, is asking per- plus a year's papers), 7/6 (Book, phis six essential food services, water supply ringleaders and their agents, i.e., those group in tf>; West. camera. tinent questions in An Dail. The to obtain an injunction in the Courts to "declaring, instigating or inviting A and sewage disposal workers). months' subscription. prevent trade union funds from being Suppose Labour started passing "The Home Minister, acting on the decrepit old sinner of Westminster is others to take part in" the illegal strike, exposed—once again. For MacBride The strike lasted nine days. The iplied to a strike defined as illegal. e.g., by picketing. Any person "other- bye-laws, the Tories didn't like. advioe of the police, may refuei to allow ' 'he penal provisions against offences says that Churchill told Stalin flat, miners' lock-out, however, continued wise acting in furtherance" of the Suppose they persuaded a Tory a person so imprisoned (or Interned) under section one of the Act come into when Stalin wanted Ireland to join the HURRY L — WHILE STOCKS LAST I for another seven mopths. When a strike was equally liable. Thus, it ap- Government to partition the L.C.C. to send or receive letters or to receive settlement had been reached, the operation when the Courts have de- visits from his friends or legal adviser. U.N.O., that he wouldn't have us in at pears that even those raising funds to so that those West London British Conservative Government in- relieve distress, or writing articles in Thus the prisoner, denied a trial, is also any price. troduced a Trade Disputes and Trade defence of the purpose or legality of the boroughs which wanted a Tory denied access to all outside aid. The Unions Bill. The Bill was amended in REPRINTED WITH strike might be held guilty of a crime. L.C.C. could have a special one bankbooks of the suspect may be exam- mads for them? Supposing they ined by the police and his money may certain important respects and became ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO law on July 29th, 1927. The repeal of section one of the then took over the intervening be confiscated. The death penalty may Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act be imposed for offences other than mur- THE IRISH T.U.Q.'s (Northern Ireland), 1927 would leave Labour boroughs of Hammersmith It Is important to note that this Bill and Fuiham and St. Pancras to der or treason. was not ihtroduoad to deal with the the legal position as regards strikes as THE EASTER PROCLAMATION 'Trade Union Information' "After a prisoner's death, the Home situation that arose during the it was prior to 1927, that is, as set out make them more compact and in the Conspiracy and Protection of brought them under the Tory Minister or a polioa officer may direct "General Strike." It was brought be- that no Coroner's inque'st shall be held, fore the House of Commons long after Property Act, 1875, the Trade Disputes "Western London"? Suppose they fully fostered by an alien Government, Act, 1906 and various judicial rulings. and thus the prisoner's relatives and / )N April 24th, 1916, Ireland's most famous his- the strike had ended and indeed after cided that a strike is illegal under the left Labour Battersea clinging to friends are denied all opportunity of in- which has divided a minority from the dispute in the coal mines«liad con- Act. The test of illegality is most com- These Acts give legal protection only to "Eastern London" by a thread? torical document was published to the world, strikes which are in contemplation or specting on the corpse any marks of the majority in the past." cluded. plicated and obscure. possible violence in arrest or detention. over the signatures of Thomas J. Clarke, Sean The section states that any strike is furtherance of a trade dispute which Then they would have done what MacDiarmada, P. H. Pearse, James Connolly, is concerned with employment, non- The extraordinary powers contained in A similar Trade Disputes and Trade illegal if it was done to Ireland. Eighty per these acts have actually been in use TAMES CONNOLLY, the Socialist, employment, terms of employment or counties and two half-counties who Thomas MacDonaugh, Eamonn Ceannt and f Unions Bill was introduced in the (i) has any object other than or in cent, of the Irish voters wanted since 1922, and they are now a part of J put his signature to that. Some- Northern Ireland House of Commons conditions of labour. were utterly opposed to Tory- Joseph Plunkett. addition to the furtherance of a independence. British imperialism Northern Irish law." times Northern Ireland Socialists ask by the Attorney-General (the then Rt. Unionism. trade dispute within the trade or The argument that section one of the obliged the Tory minority (living "In the considered opinion of the It began : " In the name of God and of the past whether Nationalism is compatible with Hon. Anthony Brutus Babington) on 1927 Act is necessary to "protect the If London looked like the map October 12th, 1927. The Bill was finally industry in which the strikers fairly compactly as the London Commission the operation of the Spe- generations from which she receives her old Socialism? Are they more Socialist are engaged; and community" against reckless political above, would Londoners think they cial Powers Act is contrary to the passed by the House of Commons on strikes falls since the motive or object Toriss do) by creating a separate tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us, than James Connolly? November 29th and became law on (ii) is a strike designed or calculated Irish state for them to control. had been "done"? fundamental principles of democratic summons her children to her Hag and strikes for to coerce the Government either of a strike will guide the Courts if government, in that it imperils the Sometimes Northern Ireland workers December 21st, 1927. This Act was for determining whether the leaders of a But, not content with putting into directly or by inflicting hardship Well, Irish people think they rights and freedom of law-abiding citi- her freedom." ask for guarantees, hesitating to join all practical purposes identical with strike are indictable for seditious or it only those who wanted Tory have been "done"—indeed, they the British Act. upon the community. zens." From the moment the rising burst on a United Ireland without. criminal conspiracy, or actionable for government, they added two whole know it! This definition of an illegal strike is In 1949 the United Nations Declara- the astonished consciousness of the The Trades Union Congress and the civil conspiracy. In addition, the Gov- Could any guarantees be better than so vague and indefinite as to leave the tion of Human Rights was drawn up. It British Imperialists, they turned all the entire Labour movement in Britain bit- ernment would still have its very wide those in the proclamation? law relating to strikes in so confused THE ABOVE MAPS AND FACTS ARE AVAILABLE AS was disclosed that of these 11 basic resources of militarism in war-time to terly opposed the British Act and per- powers under the Emergency Powers a state that no trade union can be sure Act (Northern Ireland), 1926. human rights, no less than nine were put it down and hound its leaders to Could any statement do more than sistently called for its repeal. The Act A LEAFLET. We can supply you at the rate of 30/- per being violated in Northern Ireland. So devote one out of its Ave short para- of Its position. Section two of the Act affords "pro- their deaths. was eventually repealed by the British 1,000 : 100 for 3/6, post free. certain provisions of the act were re- JAMES CONNOLLY graphs to that? Parliament in 1946. The corresponding The operative words of the definition tection" to persons refusing to take voked. The "Irish Democrat" pointed It took them a week to restore con- Northern Ireland Act, however, re- are obviously open to a number of in- part in illegal strikes. It states:— out at the time that this was mere trol of Dublin. " Equal rights and equal oppor- mains on the Statute Book. terpretations which can only be re- "No person refusing to take part or TPHEY could never restore their ln- tunities." Do they have such in Britain to continue to take part in any strike solved in the Courts after a strike has fluence over the minds and spirits or in Northern Ireland (so-called)—or By 1926 the trade unions had com- or lock-out which is by this Act de- begun. In this connection the comment prescribed by the 1913 Act, it is prohi- of the Irish people. The sickening pleted over one hundred years of sus- cleared to be illegal, shall be, by a manner as to be calculated to Inti- sides for tile purpose of persuading any Expenditure by trade unions on poli- (nobody denies it) in the truncated of Lord Reading, a former Lord Chief tical objects has been a feature of the bited from levying political contribu- Twenty-Six Counties? tained and remarkable growth, during Justice, on the identical British Act reason of such refusal . . . subject to midate any person" there, to obstruct cording to Citrine the wording of this chain of reprisals; the legal murder of which time the various legal restric- the approaches to the place, or to lead person to abstain from working. Ac- movement for more than a century. tions from any member unless he sig- Casement "under a centuries-old Act may be quoted. He described the Act expulsion from any trade union or nifies on the prescribed form that he It was because the Proclamation of tions on their freedom had been gradu- society, or to any fine or penalty . . to a breach of the peace subsection "is calculat«d to throw con- Their right to spend money on political raked up from disuetude ... all followed as "more vague, more indefinite, more objects was not questioned. A trade wishes to contriBute. the Irish Republic declared for a ally removed. The 1927 Act, however, lacking in precision . . . than any Bill or liable to be placed in any respect siderable doubt upon the joint effect of the same pattern through the Black made extensive inroads into the liber- Picketing calculated to intimidate section seven of the 1875 Act and sec- union was entitled by a majority vote Subsection <2> of section four makes People's Republic, a thoroughly demo- that I have ever seen or any Act of either directly or indirectly under any person is declared to be "watching it obligatory on trade unions to levy and Tans to the time when British ties secured by the trade unions. any disability or at any disadvantage tion two of the 1906 Act." Citrine goes to make rules providing for such ex- cratic republic, that British Imperial- Parliament I have ever had to con- or besetting" which, ol course, is a penditure and for levies on all its mem- political fund contributions separately Imperialism, its main base in Ireland ism was determined to put it down at strue." as compared with other members of on to say: "It suggested that, nothwith- The General Strike was largely a the union or society, anything to the criminal offence under the 1875 Act. standing those sections, attending at bers for the purpose. - from other contributions. Only sums lost, adopted partition as a last effort no matter what bloodshed. pretext for the Aot passed In Britain; Both the conditions which make a But. as Citrine points out, the Act in- or near a person's residence for the In 1909, however, the House of Lords raised by the political levy may be paid to hold a precarious footing in the « strike illegal, i.e., that it must have contrary in the rules of a trade union but even this pretext did not hold for or society notwithstanding." troduced "a wholly artificial definition purpose of persuading him to work or in the Osborne case denied that trade into the political fund and no other rountry, and from that new "pale" to The partition was imposed to put an the Northern Ireland Aot, as Northern some object besides the furtherance of of intimidation.' It defined it in such assets may be applied in furtherance InsuperaMe barrier In the way of those abstain from working was an unlawful unions could spend money on any ob- threaten the remainder and upset its Ireland was not affected by the strike. a trade dispute within the trade or in- wide terms as substantially to prohibit watching or besetting. It thus made jects other than the narrowly industrial of the political objects. This section who wanted to "cherish all the chil- The purpose of the Act was to fetter dustry in which the strikers are en- picketing of any kind." the peaceful picketing lit any residence ones specified in the Trade Union Arts. also obliges an unregistered trade union economy. dren of the nation equally." But M- gaged and that it must be designed or PICKETING the trade union movement both In its a precarious procedure ' The Trade Union Act, 1913. rectified having a political fund to make an The proclamation was the beginning caliod insuperable barriers have been calculated to coerce the Government, Section three of the Art lays down If an employer involved in a legal Industrial and political activities. the position. It recognised the trade annual return to the Registrar in res- broken down before now. The unity are so indefinite and hedged round with restrictions which go far to endanger trade dispute apprehended a loss in his The repeal of section three 0f the of the " Reconquest of Ireland " by the unions' right to spend money on poli- pect of the fund. of the Irish people to defeat partition qualifications as to make it almost im- the right to picket as recognisrd by the business as a result of picketing, such 1927 Act would leave tile relevant pro- Irish people. The Act imposes restrictions upon tical objects but established rules for will grow into unity to establish the possible to say whether any large-scale 1875 Act. The section, of course, applies picketing would be a criminal offence visions of the 1875 and 1906 Acts in The rase against " contracting-in " the freedom of trade unions and parti- the setting up of political funds. Trade " We declare the right of the people true Republio of Connolly and pearse. strike, whether primary or sympathetic, to all strikes. It enlarges the definition under scctlon thrac. force. These Acts legalised peaceful rests upon the right of the majority in cularly Civil Service unions, upon unions were obliged to take a secret of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland would be outside the scope of the sec- of intimidation to an absurd degree, picketing but also laid down penalties a voluntary association to raise and established civil servants, and upon II is not illegal under the Art, to ballot of their members on the question tion. covering any act which might "cause for illegal picketing anr( forbade the expend funds according to the rules of and to the unfetterod control of Irish local and other public authorities and strike to secure a non-unionist's dis- of political expenditure, to set up a in the mind of a person n reasonable use of violence and intimidation to a that association. This right is exer- destinies," it read. their employees. There are eight main On this point, the following extract missal. But it is illegal to approach a separate political fund under rules ap- apprehension of injury" (including in- person, his family or his property. They cised by various types of association McGINTY pections. from "Trades Union Law" by Norman non-unionist, and warn him that a proved by the Registrar of Friendly " The Republic guarantees religious jury to his business occupation or any forbade also the watching and beset- from ordinary clubs to companies with- Citrine (1950) with reference to the strike would be called to bring pressure Societies and to provide for the exemp- and civil liberty, equal rights and equal Sections one, two and seven define source of income) to himself or his ting of a person's place of business, his out even such special privileges tor the McGinty's ten to follow—tMrd Identical section one of the British Act. on his employer to dismiss him unless residence and the approaches to these tion from political levies of all members and deal with illegal strikes and lock- family or any apprehension of "vio- he Joined a trade union. minority as are contained in the 1913 opportunities to all Its citizens and season — are TIPPECAHOF, well sums up the obscurity of the legal places. These provision are quite ade- who signed a "contractlng-out" form Art. Majority derision prevails in such declares its resolve to pursue the hap- outs; section three deals with strike position relating to strikes. lence or damage to any person or pro- ANTON, BOB. EVER READY. picketing and "intimidation"; section perty." Subsection (4) of section three de- quate to prevent intimidation or non- Section four of the 1927 Act substi- associations and only In most excep- piness and prosperity of the whole four deals with the political funds of The right to oall a sympathetic strike, clares that "notwithstanding anything peaceful picketing. tuted "contracting-in" for "contracting- tional cases are the minority permitted nation and of all Its parts, cherishing DURANTE. FAIRY SPRITE, SUN out," Thus notwithstanding that a trade unions; section five deals with which had been clearly acknowledged It makes illegal the picketing of a in any Art " it is a criminal offence to Section four of the 1027 Act deals to be exempt from the decision. all the children of the nation equally, person's place of work, etc., If it is done "watch or beset" a house, or the ap- with expenditure from trade union trade union by majority decision may SHOW. THE RABBI, PAIR FIGHT, the Civil Service and section six with by thfc statutory definition of "trade dis- and oblivious of the differences, care- Jocal and other public authorities and pute" In 1906 was imperilled by this "In such numbers or otherwise in such proach to a house, where a person re- funds on political object have adopted political fund rules as (Continued next month). DOLLY ROOK. 6 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT April 1955 April 1955 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT A Gaelic Leaguer in Russia HAD always wanted to meet someone Rights of the Citizen I who had visited the Soviet Union so by that I could get an answer to some of the Handbook of Citizens' Rights (National But it is not gene/ally appreciated what with encouragement from Edinburgh. questions I wished to ask about that coun- CATHAL MacCRYSTAL Council tor Civil Liberties, 48 pages, 2 6.) enormous restrictions have taken place The police of one Dumbarton burgh try. without a blow being struck. Public relused to name a site where an Irish It was only alter my return l'rom a visit ^HIS is a valuable little booklet and President, Belfast Gaelic League squares have been turned into car parks; meeting would be allowed to proceed tu ih.r U.S.S'r. that I found that I myself should be obtained and kept by Though the N.C.C.L. booklet claims that was to become the "horse's mouth" for who recently toured all those who conduct any public the motorists can flaunt their comfort at in English law there is a "right of public hundreds of others eager to learn at first- Edited by political or industrial activity. public expense (parking meters? perish meeting, to picket, and parade," Scottish hand what the Soviet people were like: the Soviet Union with a party of the thought of charging them!)-the authorities have a habit of claiming that what they were achieving and what they The consistent policy ot the rulers of people can slink into the back streets. If a magistrate's "permit" is necessarv. thought about things in general. Cathal MacLiam Britain is to try to monopolise everv mode journalists organised by they try to hold meetings there they will Those whose activities are stopped To anticipate questions and satisfy a of expression—press, radio, television— be stopped for " obstruction." through want of a permit can then watch general curiosity about the Soviet Union Mr. Peadar O'Donnell's "Bell." and thus deny a hearing to anv but them- others who assert they have no per- I shall describe briefly what I saw, and AN BLATH B'OIGE selves. Another favourite trick (especially in mit holding public meetings on exactly learnt during my recent stay in that coun- The old days before the working class Yorkshire) is that councils " beautify" the same ground! It is all very surpris- try. Exclusive to the Irish Democrat the cities by planting geranium beds ing. Something for the N.C.C.L. to inves- In Moscow I found a stolid, serious -Roibeard Emmet grew strong knew the "gag-acts" of ("I met murder on the way") Castlereagh, where people hold meetings, but not where tigate if they can get a good sale and people, wrapped in drab but comfortable no pin-up lithographs of sensuously posed JVTI raibh aois riamh ann i stair tire nach capitalists make " brass." The traditional raise the money! winter clothing. Children on ice skates ^ raibh duine eigin ann a bhf rtidh and the notorious combination Acts which film-stars: as adults they could not find sent the Tolpuddle martyrs to transporta- meeting places of the hungry thirties are skimmed at ice-ring speed over the snow- in daily papers the sordid details of scan- chun iarracht a deannamh ar rgidh- planted out with flowers. In Trafalgar While the right of public expression is covered streets. A couple of little girls theatht an cheist ba mhd a bhiodh ag cur tion. The newspaper tax aimed at putting dalous behaviour. reading matter out of the worker's reach. Square they have erected huge unsightly naturally of most immediate interest to were playing a variation of the game of Mr. Cathal MacCrystal isteacht ar muintear na tire ud. Is fountains which spray meetings with And, generally speaking, as working- wiulu spray meetings Wltn i™""««»j-iiiimiopolitically-mindedu people, thMe OOOklebookleit curling, by throwing a pram (without OWEVER. I didn't like everything I amhtakfh go mbionn na n-intinn is under wheels, but with a baby in it!) along the H saw in the U.S.S.R. For instance, the congregation. It reminded me of Derrybeg uaislc'6 is ciallmhara ag gabhiil leis an class organisation increased, and im- water in the slightest wind, as if there review provides valuable informs proved, the rulers of Britain more and were not enousrenough restrictions onn thth»e Hon on many otiter matters.' .- Is your ground to each other from a distance of sight of policemen carrying revolvers. Chapel in Gweedore in the Donegal Gael- oheist; duine de'n dream lid ab ea Roi- Square as it is. about 50 yards. (I live in Belfast>. I resented also the tacht, with nave and aisles crammed to beard Emrfiet, a chrochadh 'san mblian more relied on the power of money to deny telephone tapped? ... wrongful arrest .. . I noticed a complete lack of formality habit in some factories of pillorising any the point of suffocation. The priest, Fr. 1803, th'^is teip ar an eiri-amach a chui- a say to those without money. The number of convenient meeting search and seizure. about the people. They had an easy and workman who defaulted in some way by Butonovitch, whom I saw afterwards, was readh ar bun an bttan cManna. places is declining all the time. In Corby, And the keynote is rightly that " there visibly affected at meeting someone from For immemorial ages the people even in progressive Coventry, the City casual approach towards each other no posting up his name and negligence in T4 cunntus beathadh an 6ig-fhear seo— is no danger that the tasks of the police matter what their positions were. Even in the factory wall-paper. Ireland and sent a message of greeting expressed their opinions by coming to- Council does not consider an open-air ni raibh ach cuig's fiche de blianta aige gether and voicing them at meetings. in combatting crime will be made more the hospitals the patients had a casual All the factories and workshops were to my fellow countrymen. meeting site worthy of consideration in its difficult by the citizen having a clear and friendly nod for the doctors. nuair a d'4ag se—sgriobhtha ag Leon They were shot, batonned and sabred at centrally heated and well ventilated and He and his charges were not interfered O Broin (Silrs&U A Dill; S/6) agus gan Peterloo and elsewhere to keep the right town plan. All is so orderly these days. understanding of his rights; the police The wards in the hospitals are small, always there was that easy, casual rela- with in any way and his one complaint amhras 's4 an cunntus is fearr agus is to do so. Almost as independent of As for police interference there is great will gain far more by the willing co-opera- each containing five or six beds. There is St. Basil's Cathedral, tionship between the workers and man- against the state was its refusal to allow iomUine at & le faghail, idir Gaedhilge variation from place to place. Little tion of an informed public than could ever no waiting list and doctors from the hos- money-backing is poster-parading and Moscow. agement that I experienced nowhere else religious instruction to be given publicly agus B4arla, go dhl seo. picketing. objection • is taken to street meetings in be gained by the assumption of. non-exis- pital visit their patients in their own but in the Soviet Union. to anyone under 18 years of age, although tent powers coupled with a DOlicv of Rugadh Emmet i mBaile Atha Cliath London, Manchester or most English homes whilst they are convalescent. I am forms of the many theatres. In fact I The system of teaching in the schools parents could make themselves responsible Midland cities. Nottingham has its own ' bluff.'" not competent to comment on their medi- found it bewildering to find such a high for their children's religious upbringing. z Na mblian 1778, an blian a chuireadh na TNDOOR meetings can be restricted by intrigued me. Each child was encouraged 4 " Hyde Park," which is a civic university. cal or surgical standards but I was struck standard of refinement everywhere. When I broached the political situation, • Eireannaigh Aontuithe ar bun. Clann owners of halls, and the high cost of Postscript - A Scottish edition of to do so much blackboard work that he •i Scotland, on the other hand, provides by the remarkable cleanliness of every- Of course I did think Moscow women or she became a potential teacher. Pupils Fr. Butonovitch stated the immediate ob- uas&i ab ae a chiann agus bhf post mar advertising. Open - air meetings are ' Citizens' Rights " would be of value. A thing- and everyone in the hospitals. rather old-fashioned looking, with a weak- jective of every country should bepeace. 0 Dhoctufr Stftit ag a h-athair. Bhi baint astonishing examples of blatant dis- Belfast edition—might cover a postage who found difficulty in keeping up with different. The principal cities of Britain crimination practised by all appearance ness for dull little brooches and drab the rest of the class in some particular At the building exhibition in Moscow I "lit ,ig an gclann le daoine a chuaidh go dtf an for long had enjoyed traditional meeting stamp! H>M< ^OR those who are interested in per- "hug-me-tights." However, they were not subject became the responsibility of the saw huge prefabricated units for use in Fhrainc agus Meirice£, tiri 'na raibh places where passers-by listened to politics. I sonal details of the Russian people. I old-fashioned mentally and I was to re- most brilliant students in that subject. construction. A special thick gla.ss was tuairmi poblachtanachais i bhfeidmh intl. mark that many rustic-looking people who The booklet which lias been written on find they have a mania for ice-cream and All vocations had the same status. The used extensively for piping instead of the Ni m6r, ti& bh&rr. go raibh na tuairmi sin the law might well be followed by a study may be seen in hundreds, during a bliz- seemed physiologically twenty-five years person who gave most to the State was lead used in domestic plumbing. 'na adhbhar diosbbireachta ag an gclann behind the times were on introduction to of the non-legal attempts to whittle away zard, eating outsize ice-cream wafers in not the doctor nor the hodsman, but the In such a short article as this it is not agus nl m<5r freisin go raibh an clann the onlv inexpensive form of communica- Moscow streets. They are gregarious but be about fifty years culturally ahead of one who worked well. easy to convey coherently the details of tughtha teis na tuirmi. SET IN SHADOWS their counterparts in other countries. tion of ideas. Correctly it points out that never seem to stand still. Even during the The Soviet equivalent of Baden-Powell's a few weeks' visit to the Soviet Union, indirect methods are in favour to-day. It interval in the theatre they , leave the This was the amazing thing about Rus- Cubs or Brownies seemed to be the Young but certain impressions are indelible, such T E linn 6ige Roibeard, bhi si 'na scolaire is some " offence " incidentally committed " ^ UNSET on the Window Panes," i family (not unnaturally) feel rather auditorium and walk round and round for sia—the passion for knowledge. They read Pioneers whose winter activities included as the clinics and rest-rooms in the fac- ^ thar bhirr: bhi an matamaitic go always and everything they could get their which provides the excuse for interference Walter Macken's latest novel strongly about his behaviour. Although ten to fifteen minutes in a huge room like numerous visits to museums and art tories; the experimental research insti- prass aige agus d'r6ir soGala, bhi s6 ag by authority. Bart oes hands on. Bookshops were reminiscent of tute in Leningrad where the emphasis is dul chun chinn go dtapaidh. Cuireadh (published by Macmillan, price 12 6), § away, the family still staggers a ballroom! _ galleries. For the visitor every art gallery -—• i.. „i . L _ i . 1from nn p traiTon™ — yti_ The women and men are extremely bargain sales at home. on removing the industrial hazards of chuig Coldiste na Trion6ide nuair is mainly about events which take from one tragedy to another. His mother became a school of art if one followed dies partly of a broken heart because her modest and there are no public demon- It was as if the growth of literacy had the guide with the pointer. every conceivable occupation; the deep nach raibh ach cuig bliana d4ag aige, place in a village called Boola in the son Joseph is unable to go on with the strations of affection. I met no poseurs or outstripped the printing technique. Of affection of the Russian people for their agus niorbh fhada go raibh c*ii air, West of Ireland. The central charac- pseudo-Bohemian types, nor did I see course, I was to learn of a big advantage ATTENDED Mass in St. Ludovic's children and parents: the extravagant ni h-amhain mar scolaire ach mar drii- IRISH IN BRITAIN priesthood. Roman Catholic Church in Moscow, ter is young Bart O'Brien, one of a hysterical teenagers go berserk when they had over us. As children they had I scenery in opera and ballet; the clean deoir. 'San diospdireacht ni raib dhd in- *pHE Irish in Britain: where are they? talented Soviet artists appeared on plat- no horror-comics; as teen-agers they had and was impressed by the piety of the humour and high standard of their tinn aige faoi seo agus i gconuf labhair si family living on the edge of the Eventually Bart returns. We know variety shows; the Irish like warmth and ar thaobh an d&onflaittils. Is beag adh- What do they work at? How do they village. His brother, Luke, manages from his letters to Breeda, the blind girl, live? These are some of the questions spontaneous generosity of the people of bhair ntr leag s£ l&mh air nach raibh si tiie farm, while his mother runs their that everyone and everything in the Georgia, and the Ceilidh e atmosphere of 'na mhAictear dhe. Ach go tHo6ann often asked about the Irish immigrants world which he travelled made very dis- a social evening in a collective farmhouse. cuiread deire le n-a chursa, sul ar raibh in this country, and the answers to which grocery shop. '""""""JNormally' strengt^'"'S"h1 and agreeable impression On him. Aa he looks, deis aige ciim a bhaint amach. Oibriodh every politically-minded Irishman should , impulsiveness in a young man help rather wasted and his complexion has IRELAND'S FIRST MAY DAY me, however as a Gaelic Leaguer, as an gColdiste 6; agus le na theanta sin him to enjoy life, but with young Bart acquired a yellow hue, we are not sur- know. In a pamphlet, "Irishmen Make him tn pninv lifp hut with mnna Rart O bhi gach iclscoil idir Eire agus an Bhrea- T came my biggest thrill when I went Good Trade Unionists," published this it is otherwise. These qualities bring prised when Bart starts a travelling "1 \UBLIN Was among the first capitals in Park. The 'Freeman's Journal' said "That to visitCf - the small autonomous republic of tan Mh to E. MacLaughlln. MEETING writer rather than the writing. Here is BO Mr. O'BrOln has added much new much skill at describing the human scene don, CA. F.H.O. 1 •/-, A.K. £2, R. improve their condition and promise ywi material to that already collected and his Nor long will his love stay behind him. Johnston #/-, D. KlJcpmmins 11/-, F. Wor- my hearty and cordial support, knowing work Is the fullest and best aocount so far wasted. Why cannot he write -about toWK*ur«t J/-. •. Watters «/-, MANCHESTER BRANCH - EVERY TUESDAY, 8 p.m. K'ven. people who believe in Ireland's future, that in the working men Ireland has her and there are many in Ireland who do W. DUtOA »/-, A. Pander 2/6, 8. J. Fistur best army, her strongest and bravest sol- LABOUR PARTY ROOMS, OXFORD STREET The publishers ar* Siirsial k Dill and Oh! make her a grave where the sunbeams rest, alW>/<. F- P- Campbell 14/6, J. diers, and her steadiest ft«hters for the and are working for that future? .Per- vt •be puce is «/6, which l« not coatly when haps he has become afraid or the ftitttre J. He****" «»•»»»•» < * national rights of Ireland." Opposite Fraseatis (All Saint's) °ne considers that the book oontalm a m When they promise a glorious morrow; like the writers or " The Vanishing'Irtsh." Kearney mutn. On May 3rd, 18JH. a tremendous May »P- a photottat of the Proclamation, Day demonstration was held in Phoenix Perhaps the hydrogen bomb TOTAL fttl/11/1. seven picture* of Emmet himaalf and They'll shine o'er her sleep like a smile from the West, frightened him. Ohe can omy- hope that many other pictures. he will shake off his terror before attttng From her own lov'd island of sorrow. down to write another novel. C.C. C.Mnc.L. — • -• • • •

I 8 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT April 1955

BIRMINGHAM BULL RING Hyde Park, London Caster Sunday: 3.30 p.m. EASTER COMMEMORATION Speakers: DESMOND GREAVES SUNDAY, 10 APRIL, 3 p.m. GERRARD CURRAN PATRICK DEYINE Chairman: CORMAC KERR • • • • PATRICK O'SULLIVAN EAMONN MACLAUGHLIN NOTTINGHAM FREDERICK O'SHEA CITY SQUARE MARKET Coventry Easter Sunday: 3.30 p.m. PLACE LEICESTER 3.30 p.m. Speakers: EASTER SUNDAY, 7.30 p.m. Northampton EAMONN LYONS Speakers: CHRIS. MAGUIRE Eamonn Lyons Chris. Maguire 7.30 p.m. PEADAR CONNOLLY Peadar Connolly SUNDAY, 17 APRIL Speakers: Eamonn MacLaughlin full list of Easter Pat O'Sullivan meetinos-1955 T ONDON, 10th, Hyde Park, 3 p.m., P. Devine, P. O'Sullivan, F. O'Snea, E. € AN EASTER MESSAGE TRUTH ABOUT MacLaughlin; 17th, E. Lyons C. MacLiam; « 5 24th, E. McLaughlin, G. Curran. MAN- THE CONNOLLY CHESTER, 10th, Piatt Fields, 3 p.m., D. Kilcommins, T. Henry, M. Weaver; 24th, TO THE IRISH % ASSOCIATION Pat Clancy, J. Deighan, T. Henry. BIR- 'T'H E bost Easter commemoration any MINGHAM, 10th, Desmond Greaves, G. Irishman could perform is to join the Curran; 24th, E. Lyons, D. Greaves, C. « IN BRITAIN Connolly Association, the oldest, the Kerr. NOTTINGHAM, Old Market Square, & strongest, the most active, most militant 3 p.m. 10th, E. Lyons, C. Maguire; 24th, & fighting organisation of Irish people resi- C. Maguire, P. Connolly. LEICESTER The killing of Arthur Leonard dent in Britain. Market Place, 7.30 p.m. 10th, E. Lyons, C. c by 'B' Specials has shocked the When you have joined you may find Maguire. COVENTRY (Fire Station) 3 « people Will tell you what an awful thing— p.m., 17th, E. MacLaughlin, P. O Sullivan. coflsciehce of many British you havctlor.c ynd how the leaders of that NORTHAMPTON, 17th, 7.30 pjn., E. Mac- organisation want you to become a terrible Laughlin, P. O'Sullivan. HUDDERSFIELD people — especially in the sort of person. 24th, 7JO p.m., Patrick Clancy, J. Deighan, € Well, here are the qualities we want to Dr. E. O'Shea. LUTON, 2«th, 8 p.m., P. « Labour Movement. see in our members: — O'Sullivan, C. MacLiam. ST. ALBANS, 1.—Initiative. When you see an opportu- 3.30 p.m„ P. O'Sullivan, C. MacLiam. » nity to serve the people, WIGAN, R. Hardybutts, 17th, 2.30 p.m., € Trade Union Branches have condemned the outrage. seize it. Don't wait for others. Imperial- Darnel Kilcommins, T. Henry, J. Deighan. C * ism never sleeps. We must not either. 2.—Though tfu In ess. The experience you ST. HELENS, 8 p.m., T. Henry, J. Deighan, £ THIS AT THE VERY TIME CONTROVERSY D. Kilcommins. are having every day is the raw material of history. These little Meetings are under arrangement for € RAGES OVER THE POLICY OF LABOUR. events, that make up "the class struggle Bradford, Sheffield and Corby, but details C and the national struggle, combined to- are not available at time of going to press. C "LEFT" means ANTI-IMPERIALIST. gether decide the future. Think over your See local announcements. experience, summarise it, and study Irish c "RIGHT-WING" means IMPERIALIST. and working-class history in the light of it. * 3.—Constructiveness. Wage a continuous Manchester C.A. c war against cynic- & ism. It is the one sure trademark of a Success IF British Labour can be won to a Left-wing Anti- failure. The imperialists want Irish people MANCHESTER Branch of the Connolly & % to grow cynical and lose faith in their own « Imperialist Policy in time for the coming Election, country, their own powers and their own Association embarked on an interest- leaders. ing new venture on March 13th, when they then instead of "Ireland Acts" we may see Ireland £ 4.—Reliability. When you undertake to do organised a one-day school in the Labour & anything, be absolutely sure Party Rooms, All Saints, on the subject c United. and do it. Think before you volunteer, of "Scientific Socialism..'' Tutor was Des- and if you have reason to doubt your own mond Greaves, and 22 members attended & ability to do it, do not mislead others into together with five visitors. c SO every Irishman should urge the British workers to 2» expecting it of you. Keynote of the school was the serious c support Ireland's unity. To do so would help to 2» 5.—Honesty. Tell the people the truth. manner in which the students tackled a No progressive political cause & ft was ever advanced one little bit by trickery series of specimen political problems re- sweep the Tories from office. ft or intrigue. lated to the progress of Ireland. & 6.—Sobriety. Bytwhich i.s not meant "tee- Chairman was Daniel Kilcommins. Fol- « ft totalism" but you should lowing the school a public meeting was « IRISHMEN AND WOMEN— ft have hold of drink, not drink have hold held in freezing cold at Deansgate blftz of you. The work of Father Mathew in his ft site. But, in spite of the weather, 150 ORGANISE, EDUCATE, UNITE! day was not to be despised—without it came to protest against the "0" Specials' c ft trade unionism might have been much action in shooting Arthur Leonard. A more difficult to establish. The Chinese c ft revolutionaries had to wage a war against thousand leaflets were distributed and a Join the Connolly Association « ft opium in their own movement—imperial- further (indoor) protest meeting took ism laughs when the people are dreaming. place on March 15th, It is terror-stricken when they wake up. What's the solution? Do your business first then take your drink afterwards (as Danny Kilcommins advised the Manches- CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION STEPS UP ACTIVITIES ter school)—not the other way round T ONDON branches of the Connolly As- Barrv made an unexpected appearance; and the hundreds of guests present ended In a future Issue we will say something sociatlon combined for one of the most Pat Galvin delighted his audience as usual by joining in the "Soldiers Song." about how to organise branches now be- ing established increasingly in various successful St. Patrick's Day celebrations -oh! we couldn't mention them all. The new arrangements between the areas. This comes first, as it is the indi- ever held under their auspices. though we must mention John Ennis, the "Irish Democrat" and the Connolly Asso- vidual who is the UNIT of the Connolly Says Secretary of the Socials Committee accordian player, who was present with ciation, giving branches of the C.A. 10 per organisation. cent. discount on sales are rapidly filling Miss Mairin Langan: "There are so many his wife, the famous Camogie player. the coffers of the branches, and the North people to be thanked that we cannot Mossages were read from the Irish Am- London branch i.s already wondering what organised. The departure of the old and enumerate ttiem all. I hope they will all bassador and from Mrs. Lena Jeger, M.P. is to be done with the new found wealth! familiar figure of Johnny Griffin from that accept our thanks." for tho constituency where the dance was They are thinking of taking a leaf out of city left a serious gap. Cormac Kerr has But principal credit undoubtedly belongs held. Present was the Lord Mayor and Manchester's book and holding a one-dav now become 9acretary, and Birmingham to the 8oolal( Committee Itself, and not Lady Mayoress of Holborn. The Lord school. readers of the "Irish Democrat" who feel leatt to MlM Langan herself who, together Mayor, in the coursa of a short address, Another feature i:; becoming the publi- they would like to join at an auspioious with Mrs. May Malone (a trojan if ever expressed pleasure at the enjoyment the cation of leaflets by the "Irish Democrat." time, should get In touch with 63 Roso- visitors were having. Also present were The "Irish Democrat'' prints a leaflet, and man Streot, London, E.C.I or come to the there was one!) and Mrs. O'Dowling, or- the branches order supplies in which there Professor J. D. Bernal and Mrs. Felicity Bull Ring on tho toth or 24th. Shortly it ganised for weeks before to make the is included the particular announcement is hoped to commence weekly meetings in event a success. Bolton, who had travelled all the way of meeting etc which they wish to make. tho Birmingham Bull Ring, and also in Famous Irish I'olk-singer Margaret from Birmingham. M.C. was Pat Dcvinc, Birmingham branch is now being ro- Nottingham City Square. Printed by Ripley Printing Society Ltd. (T.U.t, Ripley, D^liys., and published by the Editor at 53 Rosoman Street, London, EC 1.