- IWRM module -
modelling exercise
J. Tränckner1, B. Helm1 M. Leidel2, L. Krusche3
1) Institute of Urban Water Management, 2) Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, 3) tutor, student of hydrology organization
• 5 units at 3 dates: 2x 16.05., 1.5x 06.06., 1.5x 27.06 • content: introduction, model set up, calibration, evaluation, scenarios
• cooperation in announced groups: exercise, excursion (30.05/01.06), report
• report: 15-25 pp., 40% of module grade • content: modelling documentation and evaluation, excursion documentation • identifiable sections introduction – what is IWRM
“a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant eco-nomic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.” 1)
•multipesectors
•and / or
multiple objectives Schanze & Biegel (2004, modified 2011)
•and / or multiple stakeholders
1) Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership introduction – why do we model in IWRM
600 6000 observed phosphor • consistent framework modeled phosphor observed nitrogen for data interpretation modeled nitrogen 400 4000
TP DIN [t/a] [t/a] • system understanding Æ 200 2000 lectures T. Petzoldt, P. Krebs
0 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 • quantifiable and ratable
9000 output for decision making atm. deposition erosion surface runoff tile drainage groundwater WWTPs settlements 6000
• scenario evaluation Æ DIN [t/a]
see future lectures 3000
0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 introduction- modeling principles
• model (in sciences): abstracted representation of the real world, WWTP covering its relevant aspects
m2co1min.mat WWTP Lviv (VK + Biologie + NK) From File Version 1.1 Tue Apr 13 10:50:03 2010 m2tn5min.mat ** Tage Einfahrzeit Sctrl From File1 7 Tage Kalibrierung start: 30/08/09 00:00:00 = 73415 0 end: 19-Oct-2009 = 734065 • numerical models for matter P(tot) Opt. Settings: - rasFlow: 2806 2q1minm3d.ma - Vbb: 15600 m³ Primary data 120000 From File3 ASM1m QRSsoll To Workspace2 -C- Manual Switch FracASM1 yVK_eff yN_eff yGes_eff Scope inflowConstant yIN To Workspace1 To Workspace3 emission and fluxes: To Workspace 15 GlobalT T
m0temp.mat Manual Switch2 M
From File2 Mixer2 M QinASM1tm NO NH qair Qe asm1tm PC Mixer1 P Qin 141000 T Qout • solution of equations for matter Sauerstoffzufuhr m³/d BB 2804 Pump qw [GlobalT] Straße 1 NachklärungQw Manual Switch1 Constant2 QRAS Out1 In1 Out2 x Luftregler generation, transport and DO Temp
MechThick1 Terminator [GlobalT] yout3 conversion T o Wo rksp a ce 4
CCLM • different degrees of spatial CCLM Æ regional climate temp. resolution 3 h distribution, temporal resolution Добротвір PWF-LU Dobrotvir Æ land use plot Æ water balance and process description Кам’Янка Kamyanka SWAT Æ river catchment temporal resolution 1 d PWF-LU SWAT MONERIS • purpose-driven selection and 1:200.000 RWQM1 Bug Bug Western Western Æ river catchment temporal resolution 1 a MONERIS Буг Буг . . SWMM application SWAT / SWMM / OGS Зах Зах Æ urban system and water body temporal resolution: dynamic ASM Полтва Poltva OGS Львів urban hot spot Буськ Æsoil and groundwater • integration of different models for Lviv Busk temporal resolution: dynamic RWQM1 Золочівка Zolochivka Æ water body (biology, chemistry) sub-systems temporal resolution: dynamic Сасів ASM SWAT Sasiv Æwaste water treatment plant 1:10.000 rural hot temporal resolution: dynamic spot introduction – modeling procedure
Objective Targets • Motivation: deficits in water systems e.g.: water supply limitations Criteria Processes • System analysis: relevant system aspects – Data Measures required complexity, feasible simplicity
no e.g.: irrigation efficiency monthly balance vs. Suitable? spatial and temporal soil moisture distribution
Development Set up • Implementation: chose / combine / develop models and tools no e.g.: WEAP, coupled groundwater-SPA models Suitable?
• Optimization: minimize deviation between Calibration Validation modeled and observed variables no e.g.: reproduce demand patterns Convenient? • Application: system understanding, Evaluation / Measures / Scenarios prognostic use e.g.: water saving potential of measures no Convenient? yes Utility Analysis case study – overview
Western Bug: • largest tributary of Vistula river • transboundary basin within the Ukraine, Poland and, Belarus • high nutrient and organic loading • controversy about emission sources Study area: • uppermost 2500 km² • 360 Inh/km², 70% agriculture • severe water quality problems case study - climate and water
120 climate: P ET0 • temperate, humid, transitional ETA Q 80
• P 700 mm/a, ETR 500 mm/a, flux [mm]
Q 200 mm/a 40 water resources: 0 Jan Mrz Apr Jun Aug Sep Nov • dense river network / intensely drained areas • high groundwater tables • multiple exploited aquifers • little pronounced variation of hydrograph • reservoir for thermal power plant supply at area outlet drained area river channel drainage channel case study – natural conditions
Land cover: • high portion arable land, intensive agriculture • urban areas uneven distributed, 80% Lviv • forests at wetlands and steep slopes
Topography: • flat – hilly, steep southern divide • mostly 140-200 m a.s.l., rims up to 400 m a.s.l. case study - water management
Urban system Lviv: • by far biggest urban structure • weak receiving water: ~2m³/s ww vs. ~1m³/s natural water
Urban systems: • ailing infrastructure, no reinvestments • only settlements >10 000 inh. with high connection rates
Rural system: • low / no connection to services • water supply and ww disposal to quaternary aquifer case study – affected systems
100
80
60
min: 0 40 max: 799 Percentile [%] Percentile median: 105 20 mean: 150 0 0 50 200 400 600 800 NO - [mg/L] 3 nitrate100 in well water river water quality deficits
settlement TN emission [t/a] 9 - 100 Kamianka Buska 101 - 200 201 - 500 501 - 1000 1001 - 2000
Bus'k 010205km
L'viv
Zolochiv
anaerobic river sediment nitrogen emission in subcatchments case study - stakeholders stakeholder requirements pressures urban population • groundwater for supply • wastewater to river • opt. river water for supply rural population • groundwater for supply • wastewater to groundwater industry • groundwater for supply • wastewater to river • opt. river water for supply agriculture • fertilizer excess to groundwater and river water thermal power • river water for cooling (quality • thermal pollution of river plant and quantity) environmental • compliance of limit values agency environmental • good ecological state NGO 1. SETUP THE SCHEMATIC Menu
View Bar
Element Window insert map layer background layer to visualize catchment information or as base for editing tasks Schematic View/Element Window / Middle Window • add a raster or vector layer: • right click middle window • select: “Add Raster Layer” or “Add Vector Layer”. • dialog: • name of layer file • storage location (local / www) Menu /General/ Set Area Boudaries • Find new boudaries
Save your area document the progress of model set up and calibration with commented model versions Menu / Area / Save Version • Select “Save Version” • comment dialog to describe this version. • Auto-storage of all related sub-files • storage location: WEAP program installation folder.
Menu / Area / Manage Areas • Select “Manage Areas” • export and import • back up and restore • repair function Draw a river
Schematic view / Element Window / River • Draw the rivers with higher order first • Click on the “River” symbol in the Element window • Drag the symbol into to the map • Click once for finishing each river segment • Double click to finish drawing the river. • Name the rivers. Set up the groundwater
Schematic view / Element Window / Groundwater • Click on the “Groundwater” symbol in the element window • drag the symbol into the map.
Schematic view / Element Window / Transmission Link • Build a “Transmission Link” from groundwater to the River (Supply Preference 1) • (later) “Transmission Link” from groundwater to the city/commune (Supply Preference 1) • (later) Infiltration/Runoff Link from the runoff model to the groundwater. (Supply Preference 1) Set up the runoff model
Schematic View/ Element Window/ Catchment • Create a “Catchment” object in the Schematic view to simulate headflow for the catchment area. • Once positioned, a dialog box will open and request the following data:
Runoff to Main River Represents Headflow Yes (check box) Infiltration to link the prop. GW Includes Irrigated Areas No (Default) Demand Priority 1 (default) Cities and communes
Schematic View/ Element Window/ Demand Site • Pull one demand node symbol for every city and commune you need into the project area and position it on the map.
Schematic View/ Element Window/ Transmission Link • create a “Transmission Link” from the Groundwater to the consumers.
Schematic View/ Element Window/ Return Flow • create a “Return Flow” from consumers to the accordant river/Groundwater
2. SETUP THE DATA hydrology in WEAP surface water balance: FAO RR-Method input: precipitation P, reference evaporation ET0
direct runoff: R(d) = k(d) * P effective precipitation: P(eff) = P – R(d) potential evaporation: ETP = k(c) * ET0 actual evaporation: ETA = min(ETP, P(eff)) runoff: R = P(eff) – ETA infiltrating runoff: R(inf) = k(inf) * R surface runoff: R(s) = R(d) + (1-k(inf)) * R
balance: P = ETA + R(s) + R(inf)
calibration: k(d), k(c), k(inf) hydrology in WEAP direct runoff coefficient k(d) • higher in steeper and more impervious areas k(d) crop coefficient k(c) • plant activity A(imp) (Maidment, 2005)
(transpiration) and 1.5 increased active surface (leave area) 1.0 • scaling parameter for land cover types k(c) 0.5
urban forest agriculture (corn) wetland infiltration coefficient k(inf) water 0.0 • higher in flatter terrain, Jan Mrz Mai Jun Aug Sep Nov permeable soils hydrology in WEAP groundwater: wedged storage unit
equilibrium storage: S(Ge) = d(G) * h(Ge) * l(w) * n
water table diff.: y(Gi)=(S(Gi) – S(Ge)) / (d(G) * l(w) * n)
seepage: R(Gi) = k(s) * y(Gi) / d(G) * h(w) * l(w)
balance: gradient area
S(Gi) = S(Gi-1) + R(infi) – R(Gi) – Extr.
calibration: d(G), h(w), n, k(s) y(G)
h(w) h(Ge) l(w)
d(G) Catchments
Data View Set Model to FAO Model
Data View/ Demand Sites And Catchments/ Name/ Land Use • Fill in the area, crop coefficient and effective precipitation for the catchment area
Data View/ Demand Sites And Catchments/ Name/ Climate • Import the precipitation and evapotranspiration data to the runoff models • To import the file, use the “ReadFromFile” function Groundwater
Data View/Supply and Resources/ Groundwater/ Physical/ Method • Select Groundwater method to “Model GW-SW flows” • Fill in all given Groundwater values
Data View/Supply and Resources/ River/ Name/ Reaches/Reach Length • link the proper GW model with the accordant river reach • Enter also the length of interface River data
Data View/Supply and Resources/ River/ Name/ Reaches/Physical/ Distance Marker • Fill in the river length by choosing „Tailflowpoint“
Data View/Supply and Resources/ River/ Name/ Reaches/Physical/ Flow Stage Width • Also enter the river profile by using the „Flow- Stage-Width Wizzard“ in “Flow Stage Width” Cities and commune
Data View/ Demand Sites And Catchments/ Name/Water Use/ Annual Activity Level • Fill in population
Data View/ Demand Sites And Catchments/ Name/Water Use/ Annual Water Use Rate • Fill in annual water use rate per year of the according consumers