- IWRM module - modelling exercise J. Tränckner1, B. Helm1 M. Leidel2, L. Krusche3 1) Institute of Urban Water Management, 2) Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, 3) tutor, student of hydrology organization • 5 units at 3 dates: 2x 16.05., 1.5x 06.06., 1.5x 27.06 • content: introduction, model set up, calibration, evaluation, scenarios • cooperation in announced groups: exercise, excursion (30.05/01.06), report • report: 15-25 pp., 40% of module grade • content: modelling documentation and evaluation, excursion documentation • identifiable sections introduction – what is IWRM “a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant eco-nomic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.” 1) •multipesectors •and / or multiple objectives Schanze & Biegel (2004, modified 2011) •and / or multiple stakeholders 1) Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership introduction – why do we model in IWRM 600 6000 observed phosphor • consistent framework modeled phosphor observed nitrogen for data interpretation modeled nitrogen 400 4000 TP DIN [t/a] [t/a] • system understanding Æ 200 2000 lectures T. Petzoldt, P. Krebs 0 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 • quantifiable and ratable 9000 output for decision making atm. deposition erosion surface runoff tile drainage groundwater WWTPs settlements 6000 • scenario evaluation Æ DIN [t/a] see future lectures 3000 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 introduction- modeling principles • model (in sciences): abstracted representation of the real world, WWTP covering its relevant aspects m2co1min.mat WWTP Lviv (VK + Biologie + NK) From File Version 1.1 Tue Apr 13 10:50:03 2010 m2tn5min.mat ** Tage Einfahrzeit Sctrl From File1 7 Tage Kalibrierung start: 30/08/09 00:00:00 = 73415 0 end: 19-Oct-2009 = 734065 • numerical models for matter P(tot) Opt. Settings: - rasFlow: 2806 2q1minm3d.ma - Vbb: 15600 m³ Primary data 120000 From File3 ASM1m QRSsoll To Workspace2 -C- Manual Switch FracASM1 yVK_eff yN_eff yGes_eff Scope inflowConstant yIN To Workspace1 To Workspace3 emission and fluxes: To Workspace 15 GlobalT T m0temp.mat Manual Switch2 M From File2 Mixer2 M QinASM1tm NO NH qair Qe asm1tm PC Mixer1 P Qin 141000 T Qout • solution of equations for matter Sauerstoffzufuhr m³/d BB 2804 Pump qw [GlobalT] Straße 1 NachklärungQw Manual Switch1 Constant2 QRAS Out1 In1 Out2 x Luftregler generation, transport and DO Temp MechThick1 Terminator [GlobalT] yout3 conversion T o Wo rksp a ce 4 CCLM • different degrees of spatial CCLM Æ regional climate temp. resolution 3 h distribution, temporal resolution Добротвір PWF-LU Dobrotvir Æ land use plot Æ water balance and process description Кам’Янка Kamyanka SWAT Æ river catchment temporal resolution 1 d PWF-LU SWAT MONERIS • purpose-driven selection and 1:200.000 RWQM1 Bug Bug Western Western Æ river catchment temporal resolution 1 a MONERIS Буг Буг . SWMM application SWAT / SWMM / OGS Зах Зах Æ urban system and water body temporal resolution: dynamic ASM Полтва Poltva OGS Львів urban hot spot Буськ Æsoil and groundwater • integration of different models for Lviv Busk temporal resolution: dynamic RWQM1 Золочівка Zolochivka Æ water body (biology, chemistry) sub-systems temporal resolution: dynamic Сасів ASM SWAT Sasiv Æwaste water treatment plant 1:10.000 rural hot temporal resolution: dynamic spot introduction – modeling procedure Objective Targets • Motivation: deficits in water systems e.g.: water supply limitations Criteria Processes • System analysis: relevant system aspects – Data Measures required complexity, feasible simplicity no e.g.: irrigation efficiency monthly balance vs. Suitable? spatial and temporal soil moisture distribution Development Set up • Implementation: chose / combine / develop models and tools no e.g.: WEAP, coupled groundwater-SPA models Suitable? • Optimization: minimize deviation between Calibration Validation modeled and observed variables no e.g.: reproduce demand patterns Convenient? • Application: system understanding, Evaluation / Measures / Scenarios prognostic use e.g.: water saving potential of measures no Convenient? yes Utility Analysis case study – overview Western Bug: • largest tributary of Vistula river • transboundary basin within the Ukraine, Poland and, Belarus • high nutrient and organic loading • controversy about emission sources Study area: • uppermost 2500 km² • 360 Inh/km², 70% agriculture • severe water quality problems case study - climate and water 120 climate: P ET0 • temperate, humid, transitional ETA Q 80 • P 700 mm/a, ETR 500 mm/a, flux [mm] Q 200 mm/a 40 water resources: 0 Jan Mrz Apr Jun Aug Sep Nov • dense river network / intensely drained areas • high groundwater tables • multiple exploited aquifers • little pronounced variation of hydrograph • reservoir for thermal power plant supply at area outlet drained area river channel drainage channel case study – natural conditions Land cover: • high portion arable land, intensive agriculture • urban areas uneven distributed, 80% Lviv • forests at wetlands and steep slopes Topography: • flat – hilly, steep southern divide • mostly 140-200 m a.s.l., rims up to 400 m a.s.l. case study - water management Urban system Lviv: • by far biggest urban structure • weak receiving water: ~2m³/s ww vs. ~1m³/s natural water Urban systems: • ailing infrastructure, no reinvestments • only settlements >10 000 inh. with high connection rates Rural system: • low / no connection to services • water supply and ww disposal to quaternary aquifer case study – affected systems 100 80 60 min: 0 40 max: 799 Percentile [%] Percentile median: 105 20 mean: 150 0 0 50 200 400 600 800 NO - [mg/L] 3 nitrate100 in well water river water quality deficits settlement TN emission [t/a] 9 - 100 Kamianka Buska 101 - 200 201 - 500 501 - 1000 1001 - 2000 Bus'k 010205km L'viv Zolochiv anaerobic river sediment nitrogen emission in subcatchments case study - stakeholders stakeholder requirements pressures urban population • groundwater for supply • wastewater to river • opt. river water for supply rural population • groundwater for supply • wastewater to groundwater industry • groundwater for supply • wastewater to river • opt. river water for supply agriculture • fertilizer excess to groundwater and river water thermal power • river water for cooling (quality • thermal pollution of river plant and quantity) environmental • compliance of limit values agency environmental • good ecological state NGO 1. SETUP THE SCHEMATIC Menu View Bar Element Window insert map layer background layer to visualize catchment information or as base for editing tasks Schematic View/Element Window / Middle Window • add a raster or vector layer: • right click middle window • select: “Add Raster Layer” or “Add Vector Layer”. • dialog: • name of layer file • storage location (local / www) Menu /General/ Set Area Boudaries • Find new boudaries Save your area document the progress of model set up and calibration with commented model versions Menu / Area / Save Version • Select “Save Version” • comment dialog to describe this version. • Auto-storage of all related sub-files • storage location: WEAP program installation folder. Menu / Area / Manage Areas • Select “Manage Areas” • export and import • back up and restore • repair function Draw a river Schematic view / Element Window / River • Draw the rivers with higher order first • Click on the “River” symbol in the Element window • Drag the symbol into to the map • Click once for finishing each river segment • Double click to finish drawing the river. • Name the rivers. Set up the groundwater Schematic view / Element Window / Groundwater • Click on the “Groundwater” symbol in the element window • drag the symbol into the map. Schematic view / Element Window / Transmission Link • Build a “Transmission Link” from groundwater to the River (Supply Preference 1) • (later) “Transmission Link” from groundwater to the city/commune (Supply Preference 1) • (later) Infiltration/Runoff Link from the runoff model to the groundwater. (Supply Preference 1) Set up the runoff model Schematic View/ Element Window/ Catchment • Create a “Catchment” object in the Schematic view to simulate headflow for the catchment area. • Once positioned, a dialog box will open and request the following data: Runoff to Main River Represents Headflow Yes (check box) Infiltration to link the prop. GW Includes Irrigated Areas No (Default) Demand Priority 1 (default) Cities and communes Schematic View/ Element Window/ Demand Site • Pull one demand node symbol for every city and commune you need into the project area and position it on the map. Schematic View/ Element Window/ Transmission Link • create a “Transmission Link” from the Groundwater to the consumers. Schematic View/ Element Window/ Return Flow • create a “Return Flow” from consumers to the accordant river/Groundwater 2. SETUP THE DATA hydrology in WEAP surface water balance: FAO RR-Method input: precipitation P, reference evaporation ET0 direct runoff: R(d) = k(d) * P effective precipitation: P(eff) = P – R(d) potential evaporation: ETP = k(c) * ET0 actual evaporation: ETA = min(ETP, P(eff)) runoff: R = P(eff) – ETA infiltrating runoff: R(inf) = k(inf) * R surface runoff: R(s) = R(d) + (1-k(inf)) * R balance: P = ETA + R(s) + R(inf) calibration: k(d), k(c), k(inf) hydrology in WEAP direct runoff coefficient k(d) • higher in steeper and more impervious areas k(d) crop coefficient k(c)