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Die Stadt Brody Im Langen 19. Jahrhundert – DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation „Die Stadt Brody im langen 19. Jahrhundert – Eine Misserfolgsgeschichte?“ Verfasser Börries Kuzmany angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2008 Studienkennzahl lt. A 092 312 Studienblatt: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Geschichte Studienblatt: Betreuerin / Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Andreas Kappeler; Maitre de conf. Dr. Delphine Bechtel 1 Kooperationsdoktorat mit En Cotuelle avec 3 UNIVERSITE PARIS IV – SORBONNE ECOLE DOCTORALE IV – CIVILISATIONS, CULTURES, LITTERATURES ET SOCIETES |__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|__ (No d’enregistrement attribué par la bibliothèque) THESE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS IV Discipline : Etudes germaniques présentée et soutenue publiquement par BÖRRIES KUZMANY le 19 décembre 2008 Titre : LA VILLE DE BRODY AU COURS DU LONG 19E SIECLE : L’HISTOIRE D’UNE CONTRE-PERFORMANCE ? Directeurs de thèse : M Prof. Dr. Andreas Kappeler ; Mme Maître de conf. Dr. Delphine Bechtel Jury : Mme PD Dr. habil. Martha Keil Mme PD Prof. Dr. Kerstin S. Jobst M Prof. Dr. Andreas Kappeler Mme Maître de conf. Dr. Delphine Bechtel M Prof. Dr. Andreas Schwarcz 5 „Alles, was geschieht schreibst du auf“, sagte die Kindliche Kaiserin. „Alles, was ich aufschreibe, geschieht“, war die Antwort [des Alten vom Wandernden Berge] … „Ich kann nur zurückschauen auf das, was geschehen ist. Ich konnte es lesen, während ich es schrieb. Und ich weiß es, weil ich es las. Und ich schrieb es, weil es geschah. So schreibt sich die Unendliche Geschichte selbst durch meine Hand.“ MICHAEL ENDE: Die Unendliche Geschichte 7 Inhaltsverzeichnis: Danksagungen .......................................................................................................................... 11 Transliteration und Namen....................................................................................................... 13 I. Vorwort................................................................................................................................. 15 II. Einleitung............................................................................................................................. 22 II.1. Methodisch-theoretische Herangehensweise und Struktur der Arbeit........................ 22 II.2. Stand der Forschung ................................................................................................... 38 A. WIRTSCHAFTLICHER AUFSTIEG UND FALL DER STADT BRODY III. Die Erfolgsgeschichte (1630-1815) ................................................................................... 47 III.1. Der Aufstieg Brodys vor der Ersten Teilung Polens ................................................. 47 III.2. Brody als überregionales Handelszentrum nach 1772 .............................................. 55 IV. Stagnation und Krise (1815-1914)..................................................................................... 82 IV.1. Demografischer und wirtschaftlicher Bedeutungsverlust ......................................... 83 IV.2. Verpasste Modernisierung....................................................................................... 109 B. EINE AUSSERGEWÖHNLICHE GALIZISCHE KLEINSTADT V. Österreichs jüdischste Stadt............................................................................................... 137 V.1. Integration ins Habsburgerreich ............................................................................... 138 V.2. Integration auf Gemeindeebene – Brodys Sonderstellung ....................................... 144 V.3. Brodys Bedeutung für das osteuropäische Judentum ............................................... 156 VI. Die christlichen Minderheiten.......................................................................................... 174 VI.1. Soziale Gruppen ...................................................................................................... 177 VI.2. Nationale Bewegungen............................................................................................ 185 VII. Religion – Sprache – Nation. Schule als multikulturelle Lebenswelt ............................ 195 VII.1. Brody als regionales Bildungszentrum .................................................................. 197 VII.2. Welche Sprache für Brodys Schulen?.................................................................... 224 VII.3. Ein Mikrokosmos des ethnokonfessionellen Zusammenlebens............................. 233 VIII. Grenzstadt...................................................................................................................... 245 VIII.1. Brody als Zufluchtsort .......................................................................................... 245 VIII.2. Kommunikation .................................................................................................... 257 C. WAHRNEHMUNGEN DES HISTORISCHEN BRODY IX. Zeitzeugen berichten........................................................................................................ 271 IX.1. Reiseberichte damals............................................................................................... 271 IX.2. Brody als literarischer Topos und Mythos .............................................................. 285 IX.3. Reiseberichte heute.................................................................................................. 291 X. Brodyer Erinnerungsorte ................................................................................................... 299 X.1. Gedenkbücher als mentale Erinnerungsorte ............................................................. 299 X.2. Reale Orte – ein Spaziergang ................................................................................... 316 XI. Schlussfolgerungen .......................................................................................................... 345 9 Anhang ................................................................................................................................... 357 Bibliografie............................................................................................................................. 381 Zusammenfassung.................................................................................................................. 411 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 415 Короткий зміст...................................................................................................................... 419 Résumé................................................................................................................................... 423 Lebenslauf .............................................................................................................................. 457 10 DANKSAGUNGEN Allen Voran danke ich meinen beiden Betreuern Andreas Kappeler (Wien) und Delphine Bechtel (Paris), die mich fachlich begleitet und in meiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit stets mit Nachdruck unterstützt haben. Meinen Kollegen im vom Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) finanzierten Projekt Paulus Adelsgruber (Wien), Laurie Cohen (Innsbruck) und Torsten Lorenz (Berlin) danke ich für die Bereitstellung von Informationen und Archivmaterial. Für die Hilfe mit hebräischen Publikationen danke ich Mosche Maggid (Jerusalem), Sholem Beinfeld (St. Louis/Boston), Noa Croitoru-Weissman (Wien) und Tirza Lemberger (Wien). Ich möchte mich auch bei den Organisatorinnen und Organisatoren der exzellenten Sommerakademien des Nevzlin Research Centers (Israel Bartal, Jonathan Dekel-Chen, David Engel, Jonathan Frankel, Zvi Gitelman, Michael Miller, Karl Schlögel) und des Herder- Instituts (Heidi Hein-Kircher, Ulrike von Hirschhausen) bedanken. Für die zahlreichen Informationen und für die zur Verfügung gestellten Fotografien danke ich dem Brodyer Regionalmuseum und seinem Direktor Vasyl’ Strylčuk (Brody). Für die vielen Anregungen, Hinweise, Ratschläge und Diskussionen danke ich Vadym Adadurov (Lemberg), Franz Adlgasser (Wien), Christoph Augustynowicz (Wien), Harald Binder (Wien/Lemberg), Hannelore Burger (Wien), Jakov Chonigsman (Lemberg), Peter Haslinger (Marburg), Catherine Horel (Paris), Hans Peter Hye (Wien), Andreas Inhofer (Wien), Tomasz Kargol (Krakau), Klemens Kaps (Wien), Szymon Kazusek (Kielce), Martha Keil (St. Pölten), Andrea Komlosy (Wien), Anna Lipphardt (Potsdam), André Locher (Oron- le-Châtel) Andrzej Nieuwazny (Toruń), Svjatoslav Pacholkiv (Lemberg), Halyna Petryšyn (Stettin/Lemberg), Michael Portmann (Wien), Isabel Röskau-Rydel (Krakau), Olaf Terpitz (Leipzig), Daniel Unowsky (Memphis TN), Péter Varga (Budapest), Iryna Vushko (Yale), Hermann Zeitlhofer (Wien) und Isaac Zohar-Żorne (Hod-Hasharon). Den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Archive und Bibliotheken sei für die mehrheitlich kompetente Erfüllung ihrer Pflichten gedankt. Schließlich möchte ich noch meinen Freundinnen und Freunden sowie meinen Eltern und Geschwistern für ihre Geduld und Unterstützung danken. Der größte Dank gebührt meinem Freund Clemens Jobst für die unzähligen Diskussionen, fürs Korrekturlesen und einfach nur fürs Dasein! 11 12 TRANSLITERATION UND NAMEN Für die Transliterierung kyrillisch geschriebener Sprachen (Ukrainisch, Russisch) verwende ich die deutsche Bibliothekstransliteration. Jiddische Texte werden nach der heute üblichen YIVO-Transkription übertragen, nur der Schriftsteller Scholem Alejchem (Pseudonym für Sholem Rabinovitsh/Šolom Rabinovič)
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