t EDO IDELTA CDTI PROJEGT {f, ORIGINAL : English
OUNTR NIGERIA Proiect Name: EDOIDELTA CDTI PROJECT Approval Yearz 1999 Launchingtgar: 1999
Reportins Period From: DECEMBER 2003 To: NOVEMBER 2004 ear) ( Month/Year)
Proiect Year of this renort: (circleone) I 2 3 4 Q,S 678910 Date submitted: NGDO nartner: DECEMBER 2OO4 GLOBAL 2OOO/THE CARTER CENTER NIGERIA
ANNUAL PROJECT TECHNICAL REPORT SUBMITTED TO TECHNICAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE (TCC) a
DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION:
To APOC Management by 31 Januarv for March TCC meeting
To APOC Management by 31 Julv for September TCC meeting
AFRICAN PROGRAMME FOR ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL (APOC)
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I WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 t
ANNUAL PROJECT TECHNICAL REPORT TO TECHNICAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE (TCC) E,NDORSEMENT
Please confirm you have read this report by signing in the appropriate space.
OFFICERS to sign the report:
Country: NIGEzuA
National Coordinator Name: DR. J. Y. JIYA
Signature: ...
Date o
Zonal Oncho Coordinator Name: OMOBA A. JAIYEOBA
Signature
Date
NGDO Representative Name: MR. J. O. EGUAGIE
Signature: ....
Date
This report has been prepared by Name : PAUL UGBADAMU
Designation : Project Secretary
Signature
Date a
ll WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 Table of contents
SECTION 1: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 4 1.1. GBNenel INFoRMATIoN...... 4 1.1.1 Description of the project (brie/ly)...... 4 1.1.2. Partnership 7 1.2. Popu1erroN...... 8 SECTION 2: IMPLEMENTATION OF CDTI...... 10 2.L TrvpI-nn oF AcTIVITIES ...... l0 2.2. Apvocecv ... 13 2.3. Moerr-rzetloN, sENSrrrzATIoN AND HEALTH EDUCATIoN oF AT RISK coMMuNtrms 13 Wevs ro IMpRovE MoBILIZATIoN oF THE TARGET vILLAGES:...... 14 2.4. CouuuNtrY INVoLVEMENT...... 2.5. CnpecrrvBUILDING.. 2.6. TRpervBNTS...... r't 2.6.1. Treatmentfigures...... 20 2.6.2 What are the causes of absenteeism?...... 23 2.6.3 What are the reasons for refusals?...... '...... 23 2.6.4 Brie/ly describe all htown and verified serious adverse events (SAEs) that ... 23 2.6.5. Trend of treatment achievementfrom CDTI project inception to the curent year26 2.7 ORtERrNc, sroRAGE AND DELIVERY oF IvERMECTIN...... ,...,.27 2.8 CouvuNrry sELF-MoNIToRING AND STAKEHoLDERS MpPrrNc ...... 29 2.9 SuppRvrsroN...... 30 2.9.1. Provide aflow chart of supervision hierarchy. -...... 30 2.9.2. W'hat were the main issues identified during supervision? ...... 31 2.9.3. Was a supervision checklist used? Yes...... 31 2.9.4. W'hat were the outcomes at each level of CDTI implementation supervision? 3l 2.9.5. Was feedback given to the person or groups supervised?...... 31 2.9.6. How was the feedback used to improve the overall performance of the project? 32 SECTION 3: SUPPORT TO CDTI ...... 32 3.1. EqurueNr 32 3.2. FrNeNcnl coNTRIBUTIoNS oF THE PARTNERS AND coMMLINITIES...... 34 3.3. Orgen FoRMS oF coMMUNITY suPPoRT...... 34 3.4. ExpeNo[uRE PER ACTIVITY 36 SECTION 4: SUSTAINABILITY OF CDTI...... 37 4.I. INTERNaI; INDEIENDENT PARTICIPAToRY MoNIToRING; EvALUATIoN...... 37 4.1 .l Was Monitoring/evaluation carried out during the reporting period? ...... 37 4.1.2. What were the recommendations? ...... 37
WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 4.1.3. How have they been implemented? ...... 37
4.2. SUSTIINaeILITY OF PROJECTS: PLAN AND SET TARGETS (MANDATORY AT...... 37 Yn 3) 37 4.2, 1. Planning at all relevant levels.... 4.2, 2. Funds...... 38 4.2, 3 Transport (replacement and maintenance) .i8 4.2, 4. Other resoltrces 38 4.2, 5. To what extent has the plan been implemented...... 38 4.3. INrpcRartoN...... 38 4.3.1. Ivermectin delivery mechanisms .. 38 4.3.2. Training...... i9 with other programs...... 39 4.i.3. Joint supervision and monitoring j9 4.3.4. Release offunds for proiect activities ..,.,., 4.3.5. Is CDTI included in the PHC budget? Yes...... 39 4.3.6. Describe other health programmes that are using the CDTI structure and how this was achieved?. 39 4.3.7. Describe others issues considered in the integration of CDTI. 39 4.4. OpBnnrIoNAL RESEARCH. 40 4.4.1. Summarize in not more than one hatf of a page the operational research undertaken in the project area within the reporting period. ,.,40 4.4.2. How were the results applied in the proiect?...... " ...40 SECTION 5: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, CHALLENGES' AND OPPORTUNITIES.... 40
FEATURES OF THE PROJECT/OTHER MATTERS...... 41 SECTION 6: UNIQUE a
lv WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 Acronyms
wHo World Health Organization APOC African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund MOH Ministry of Health FMOH Federal Ministry of Health LGA Local Govemment Area NGDO Non-Govemmental Development Organization NGO Non-Governmental Organization NOTF National Onchocerciasis Task Force NOCP National Onchocerciasis Control Programme RBF River Blindness Foundation G2000 Global 2000 lThe Carter Center LCIF Lions Clubs Intemational Foundation LCI Lions Clubs lnternational, District 404 Nigeria CDTI Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin CDD Community-Directed Distributor HFS Health facility staff DHS District Health Supervisor CDHS Community Directed Health Supervisor ATO Annual Treatment Objective ATrO Annual Training Obj ective a UTG Ultimate Treatment Goal CBO Community-Based Organization CSM Community Self-Monitoring SHM Stakeholders meeting PHC Primary health care REMO Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis SAE Severe adverse event TCC Technical Consultative Committee (APOC scientific advisory group) TOT Trainer of trainers NPI National Programme on Immuni zation DSN Disease Surveillance Notifi cation SPIC State Programme Implementation Committee PMRC Project Management & Review Committee
v WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 Definitions
(i) Total population: the total population living in meso/h1per-endemic communities within the project area (based on REMO and census taking).
(ii) Elieible population: calculated as 84o/o of the total population in meso/hyper- endemic communities in the project area.
(iii) Annual Treatment Objective: (ATO): the estimated number of persons living in meso/hyper-endemic areas that a CDTI project intends to treat with ivermectin in a given year.
(iv) Ultimate Treatment Goal (UTG): calculated as the maximum number of people to be treated annually in meso/h1per endemic areas within the project area, ultimately to be reached when the project has reached full geographic coverag-e (normally the project should be expected to reach the UTG at the end of the 3'" year ofthe project).
(") Therapeutic coverage: number of people treated in a given year over the total population (this should be expressed as a percentage).
(vi) Geographical coveraqe: number of communities treated in a given year over the total number of meso/hyper-endemic communities as identified by REMO in the project area (this should be expressed as a percentage).
additional health interventions (i.e. vitamin A supplements, (vii) Integration: delivering a albendazole for LF, screening for cataract, etc.) through CDTI (using the same systems, training, supervision and personnel) in order to maximise cost- effectiveness and empower communities to solve more of their health problems. This does not include activities or interventions carried out by community distributors outside of CDTI.
(viii) Sustainability: CDTI activities in an area are sustainable when they continue to function effectively for the foreseeable future, with high treatment coverage, integrated into the available healthcare service, with strong community ownership, using resources mobilised by the community and the government.
(ix) Community self-monitoring (CSM): The plocess by which the community is .-p"*.r.d to oversee and monitor the performance of CDTI (or any community- based health intervention programme), with a view to ensuring that the proglamme is being executed in the way intended. It encourages the community to take full ,..pon.ibility of ivermectin distribution and make appropriate modifications when necessary.
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2004 v1 WHO/APOC, 24 Novembet FOLLOW UP ON TGG REGOMMENDATIONS
Using the table below, fill in the recommendations of the last TCC on the project and describe how they have been addressed.
TCC session 15TH
Number of TCC ACTIONS TAKEN FOR TCC/APOC MGT Recommendation RECOMMENDATIONS BY THE PROJECT USE ONLY in the Report 78 The issue of incentive A research fellow to CDD and an at the University examination of rate is currently of refusal and handling the absenteeism over proposal. time in relation to the statement that "it may be due to post- honeymoon effect".
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(Please add more rows if necessary)
1 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 Executive Summary
1. Background on treatment and population data Sponiorship of 2l endemic LGAs out of 43 LGAs in Edo and Delta States started in June 1999. The hyper / meso endemic LGAs are2l LGAs (12 LGAs in Edo State and 9 LGAs in Delta State). Treatments have consistently been carried out in the 2l endemic LGAs since 1999, while passive treatment is under the sponsorship of Global 2000 lThe Carter Center.
2. During the period being reported on, a total of 965,149 persons were successfully treated with 2189,719 tablets of Mectizan in 991 endemic villages of 21 LGAs. The total population of the 2l LGAs stands at 1,374,785 persons. The ATO was 937,873 p.rronr. See details in section 2.6.1. This active treatment respectively gave geographic coverage of 99.1o/o, ATO coverage of 102.9% and therapeutic coverage of 70.2% for the 12 months dating from December 2003 to Novembet 2004. Treatment data for the past fives years up to 2OO4 have also been enumerated. People absent from treatment accounted for 4.2%o of the total population, while 2.8o/orefused to be treated.
3. There was no serious population movement except for the migration of people to the northern part of Niger Delta from the southem part where crisis was ongoing during the period. This did not significantly affect the number of people treated. In Edo State, the only area of population movement was by the present farmers who migrate from one area to another seeking more fertile ground to sow their crops. Also some people that were retired from government service moved from the urban areas to the rural areas to settle down. a 4. Sections 2.4 and 2.8 show level of Community involvement in CDTI and CSM activities. The health staff were involved IOO% in CDTI activities. 99.2% of the villages had Community supervisors; 13.6% of the 1,000 villages had female CDDs. In another developmeni, SZ4 villages conducted CSM during the period. All the staff involved in CDTI activities were duly trained as appropriate'
5. Training was conducted for different categories of staff that were involved with IDP activities. According to section 2.5 - Capacity buildin g, l00oh was achieved in the training of LGA staif; training of Health center or post staff; training of TOTs and CDDs. Training data that weie not available for some LGAs when the six months report was submitted have now been updated accordingly. Ratio of trained CDD to population is I :797 .
6. passive treatments were carried out during the period under Global 2000 sponsorship. A total of l25,084persons were treated in 411 hypo endemic villages in Edo and Delta States, using 467,77ltablets of Mectizan in22 hypo endemic LGAs.
7. The total Mectizantablets of 3,257,000 that were released to the project from Global except 2000 National Office, Jos, were fully utilized for treatments during the period for ten tablets that were reported wasted at Igueben LGA of Edo State during treatment exercises.
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2 WHO/APOC, 24 Novembet 2004 8. Challenqes and how they were overcome. a) The starting date of the project's operation/financial year was changed from June 2003 to Decemb er 2003. But for the support from the NGDO, the period June 2003 to April 2004 could have been a period of idleness. b) Delayed funding. First installment of fifth year was received in April 2004, i.e. five months into the fifth year while the last installment came one month to the close of the financiaVoperation year. c) Getting State and LGAs to budget and release counterpart funds for Oncho control. d) Obtaining a realistic estimate of total population of endemic villages. e) Add-on intervention programme being vigorously pursued to enhance commitment of field staff. f) High cost of purchasing fuel for vehicles and motorcycles and their maintenance. g) The inability of some villages to own the programme' h) lntensification of CSM and encouragement of the villages to conduct SHM
IOO% geographic coverage was not achieved in six LGAs of Edo State. Findings indicated that it was due to CDDs' refusal to distribute Mectizan in some villages because of non- compensation. In Esan Southeast LGA, 20 additional villages were treated due to pressure from politicians to convert Wards or hamlets into villages for political reasons. The total villages treated there amounted to 58 instead of the previous 38 villages adopted in the LGA.
Edo and Delta States remain grateful to WHO/APOC for the sponsorship which has created immense awareness and enabled the treatment of thousands of people for Onchocerciasis.
3 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 SECTION {: Background information
11.1. General information 1.1.1 Description of the project (briefly)
Geographical location, topography, climate Population: activities, cultures, language Communication systems (roads. . .) Administration structure Health system & health care delivery (provide the number of health posts/centers in the project area if the information is available). Number of health staff in project area and number of health staff involved in CDTI activities.
Geoeraphical location. topoEraphy. climatge. population. etc' iao ana Delta States (both formerly called Bendel State) are in the Mid-western part of Nigeria. They have 43 LocalGovernment Councils, and a combined total population of 4,i30,OZg (1991 census), in an area of about 39,000 square kilometers. Both states were carved out of Bendel State in August 1991. The two States are among the youngest States in the country. Edo and Delta States still retain the original boundaries of Bendel State except for minor adjustments. They are bounded to the North by Kogi and Benue States; to the West by Kwara urd Ordo States; to the East by Anambra and Imo States; to the South and Stuthwest by the Bight of Benin on the Atlantic coast. Edo State has 18 Local Government council areas of whiin p are meso/hyper endemic, while Delta State has 25 Local govemment council areas of which 9 are also meso/h1per endemic.
The two States lie approximately between longitudes 5o East and 60o 45' East and between the North, Latitude 5o North ani 7o 30' North. The area is generally low lying except towards where there are some highlands that form the old AfemaiA(ukuruku hills. The coastal belt is interfaced with rivulets and channels that form the Niger Delta.
The existence of many rivers in both States particularly rivers like Osse, Siluko, Okomu, to mention Ossiomo, Ojirami, Etirope, Jamieson, Oke and their tributaries and Niger, Koko of black flies. but a few, piovide fast fiowing rivers and streams that are ideal for the breeding the vegeiaiion varies from the impenetrable mangrove swamps along the coast, relieved in Northrvards, by a wide belt of deciduous and evergreen forest and terminated by Savannah the South the North. The three vegetation belts are prominently noticeable as one travels from to the North.
dry and rainy The two States enjoy a tropical climate that is marked by two distinct seasons of April to seasons. The dry season ii from November to April, while the rainy season is from "August October. However there exists a brief dry spell in August commonly referred to as During break,,. From December to February, the dry harmattan wind blows over the States. thus the rainy season some of the rural roads leading to at-risk villages are not accessible project area makingbnchocerciasis activities difficult to execute during such periods. The the Northeast and spans iire North and East area of Edo State, while in Delta State, it covers South.
the road Communication. roailnetwork anal aalministrative structure: ln Edo and Delta States, of digital networks in and out of the States are good. The communication system boasts other parts of telephone system through NITEL (Nigerian Telecommuncations PLC) with States. There Nigeria and intemationatty. There are radio and television facilities in the two
4 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 NIPOST are also facilities for e-mails and internet browsing. The postal system operated by (Nigerian Postal Services) and other Courier service companies, are also reliable and efficient for delivery of mails.
The administrative structure of the project area flows naturally from the State, to the LGA Councils and then to the Districts, Communities and Villages. At the State level, the Governor is at the head with Commissioners and principal officers forming the State Executive Council where State policies are formulated. There is a State House of Assembly made up of elected representatives of the people, which enacts laws and oversees the activity of the Stut" E*..utive. At the LGA level, the Council Chairman is at the head, from where directives and administrative power flows to the District Heads, Communities and Villages. Village is the lowest point or the smallest unit of reaching the people.
In Edo State, the common languages spoken are Bini in the South, Esan in the central & Afemai in the North. The culture is homogeneous. In Delta State, the culture is heterogeneous and different languages are spoken, viz: Urhobo, Itsekiri, Isoko in the South and central areas and Ika and Anioma in the Northern areas (where Ibo is the common dialect).
Farming, fishing, trading and office work are the major occupations of the inhabitants of the two Staies, and they live in permanent settlements and practice a communal system of living. However, during farming periods, some people live nomadic lives as seasonal migrants. Authority is vested on any person chosen by the entire people of the environment, to lead' The person so chosen becomes the leader and administers authority over others.
The project's financial / operational date for the fifth year was changed from June 2003 to December 2003 and this consequently caused delay in APOC's timely remittance of fund to the project. The fifth year first instalment fund was received in April 2004; i.e. five months into the fifth year while the second and last instalment was received in October 2004, i.e. one month to the end of the financial year.
APOC is assisting 21 endemic LGAs that currently have a total population of 1.,314,785 persons in the two States and there are 1,000 endemic villages under treatment. At the LGA level, leadership is a big problem due to unstable political structure in Nigeria. Proper election for Local Government Chairmen was not conducted for a very long time. The nominated caretaker committee leaders were frequently changed and this affected our advocacy and mobili zation strategies.
In Delta State, there was a split of Primary Health Care (PHC) Department in the Local councils into PHC and Environmental departments. This gave the progralnme a lot of problem and friction between the two departments, especially in the area of willingness of staff to run and manage the programme in various LGAs. However, the State Oncho team members have resolved the crisis by recognizing the two departments and getting the CDTI programme on course.
Number of health staff in project area: There is approximately 1,119 health staff in the project area out of which 477 are involved in CDTI.
Health care delivery: There is an average of 14 health centers in each LGA in the project area. This translates to 2g4healthcenters in the 21 oncho endemic LGAs of the two States (Edo, 168; Delta 126). A Midwife or Nurse is the head of each health center under the PHC where health service is
5 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 rendered to the villages. The two States parade a reasonable number of tertiary health care facility that are strategically located to meet the health care needs of the people. These range from General hospitals to University teaching hospital and Federal Medical Center.
Table 1: Number of health staff involved in CDTI (Please add more rows if necessary)
Number of health staff involved in CDTI activities.
Total Number of Number of health Percentage health staff in the staff involved in entire project area CDTI *100 District/LGA Bl B2 Br=Brl Br Akoko Edo 52 21 40% 52 40% Etsako East 21 52 40% Etsako West 21 52 40% Owan East 21 52 40% Owan West 21 52 40% lgueben 21 52 40% Esan Southeast 21 52 40o/o Esan West 21 52 4lYo Esan Northeast 21 52 40% Uhunmwode 21 52 40% Ovia Northeast 21 52 40% Ovia Southwest 21 Aniocha North 55 25 45% 55 45o/o Aniocha South 25 55 45% lka Northeast 25 55 45% lka South 25 55 45o/o Oshimili North 25 55 45% Oshimili South 25 55 45% Ndokwa East 25 55 45% Ndokwa West 25 55 45% Ukwuani 25 Total 1119 477 42.6%
Note: Approximately 477 health staff are involved in CDTL (This excludes State MoH staff in each State that are assigned to CDTI)
2004 6 WHO/APOC, 24 November 1.1.2. Partnership
- htdicute the partners involved in project implementation at all levels IMoH' NGDOs (national/internatio nal), communities, local organizations, etc.l - Describe overall working relationship among partners, clearly indicating speciftc areas of project activities (planning, supervision, advocacy, planning, mobilization, etc) where all partners are involved. - State plans, if any, to mobilize the state/region/district/LGA decision-makers, NGDOs, NGOs, CBOs, to assist in CDTI implementation.
Between 1992 and 1994,the River Blindness Foundation (RBF) funded the programme in collaboration with the State Ministry of Health and the benefiting LGAs. Between January 1995 and May 1999 funding was provided by the Lions Clubs lntemational, District 404 with the Technical support of the Global 2000 lThe Carter Center, in collaboration with the State Ministry of Health. From June 1999 to-date, WHO/APOCA{OTF took up sponsorship of the programme in collaboration with LCIF, Global 2000lThe Carter Center, the Ministry of Health and the benefiting LGAs.
All the aforementioned partners are involved in planning, supervision, advocacy, mobilization and health education. Mobilization strategies that were used include radio and television broadcasts, jingles and production and circulation of IEC materials.
The partners involved in the project's implementation at all levels are the NGDO, APOC, MOH, LGAs, Villages/Community Religious groups and Opinion leaders. The working relationship among partners has been very cordial as it relates to planning, supervision and advocacy visits/mobilization. Some difficulties are being experienced on supervision due to lack of support from the govemment.
APOC, NGDO and NOCP are being urged to embark on a high powered delegation on advocacy to visit the two States' project and their LGAs. At our level we shall continue to visit opinion leaders and policy makers of the LGA in order to remobilize the newly elected top functionaries in the LGAs.
7 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 I
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C) 0) () 0) C) 3E ) ) o o o =9 trE a A= h a a a a CN (r) V) a o Lr r)E Q € N;-l!= o 0) 6.0 L li li lr aE (g (B o o o 0) o o o o o o C) Cd o o o oo ! li *r a Lr Li (.) L t- l< d d t< (! (B 2- c= I \ (n t) C) a an C) (d o d L t, L () t, 0) () o o ) (! o o a.n an o C) an C) F] C) c/) l< o li z a z a F c0 s.l H o B cd (B ..il () H o o o o ! o C) a B z z a o o o o 0)l tr j4 J j1 p (c (B CO (g o o a o Cd 0) (B z -ot-l a v) t) d (! (c (n (!t jl B ) (,n ()) U) ah FI a rq E] o o b0 H E] rq o o )1 JZ o + oli o N P (H I a q) o o 0) o -o h a o o o) d o (n t a ox z .+ hE C.l rh .9P o 8otr IJ d d L lu ct A A h e- dc)a l! '+j A C) B L 'd bo q)E q) -c(!9 s E !t >' E o q) F- - t/) o o (dE z z L.8E .oto.2 L EF 6E 0) ;^A cd d li =:,c) z F- t, .: c) fr HE L{ L oo) o o TE o 0) (.) t (.) o adoH.L .;ts o o o>x ,r9 z Z -€L E() 8a. b .16o= l< Lr L I d 0) G a A€ ! N li t< f Q r Lr # \J bo l- €.5' .! ,l.. (u o 0) o) ^ frr t\ Jv-ar .lJ= tu -ooH=ri; 9> € g .90sdE I sE O C) P .EU tr tr g S E 0)a q) .5=!.) '5X a U) e d H 8q il nE > 1 lr f E H Eg .F loe -bE ! o a. L E;;sEf' F- ! 2 :I C)'5'-r € () € 5'E.9'e State the number of poticy/decision makers mobilized at each relevant level during the current year; the ieason(s) for undertaking the advocacy and the outcome. Describe dfficulties/constraints being faced and suggestions on how to improve advocacy. At the State level, the Honourable Commissioner, Permanent Secretary, Director and Deputy Director of PHC/DC and some other key players were mobilized during advocacy visits in respect of creating more awareness and release of counterpart cash contribution. At the LGA level key policy makers, notable politicians and newly appointed Chairmen were visited. The major objective was to create awareness, sensitize and health-educate them on the disease pattern, re-emphasi ze the need for LGA support to the programme especially as APOC sponsorship is coming to an end. Below are som e of the difficulties / beine faced: 1. Some policy makers at State level were not available at the time of visit; 2. Some LGA policy makers are working to assist but due to the alleged shortfall of revenue to the LGA, they claim to be handicapped. 3. lnconsistency of the leadership at Local govemment level as well as their tenure; 4. Transfer of health staff from one LGA to another hampers continuity of the job. To improve advocacy, visits were made to the Directorate of Local Government in the two States. lnterestingly, the Directorate of Local Government in Edo State has given an approval in principle for the 12 endemic Local Govemment Council in the State to release a specific amount of money yearly to the CDTI progralnme. When implemented, it may ease the problem of funding CDTI activities the local level in Edo State. 2.3. Mobilization, sensitization and health education of at risk communities Provide information on: - The use of media and/or other local systems to disseminate information - Mobilization and health education of communities including women and minorities - Response of target communities/villages - Accomplishments - Suggest ways to improve mobilization and sensitization of the target communities. a) The importance of the broadcast media or other local systems to disseminate information cannot be over emphasized, as it remains the best way of reaching the people both in the urban and rural communities. b) In the foregoing year, Health education, Sensitization, advocacy visits and Mobilization were equally carried out through TV, radio broadcasts and jingles. Public address system was used for the people that could be gathered on market days or those living in densely populated areas. c) Posters and handbills suggesting the signs and symptoms of Onchocerciasis and the use of Mectizaninthe treatment of the disease were also distributed. Apart from these, local town criers/announcers were employed to inform the people about CDTI activities. 13 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 d) The response of the people in many endemic communities was impressive. There were expressions of delights in being better educated on Onchocerciasis control as well as up- coming add-on programmes like Lymphatic filariasis, Schistosomiasis (terminal blood in urine). People got reassured that they would not get blind of Onchocerciasis; that the signs and symptoms of the disease would heal provided they took Mectizan at least once every year for up to 15 years. e) During health education sessions, the position of women and minors (children) were also emphasized. That though pregnant women, nursing mothers and children of less than 5 years were not to take Mectizan, they should/ nevertheless be reflected in the CDD register. Again it was explained that women could/ play active roles in CDTI activities. Such women could be CDDs and they could form part of the opinion leaders in every community. f) The outcome of these activities resulted in good level of Mectizan distribution, compliance and acceptance of CDTI Onchocerciasis control There were pledges to support CDD with incentives. upon by: s) Mobilization and sensitization of target communities can still be improved Placing frequent TV and radio broadcast and jingles; Carrying out high powered advocacy visits to community heads and opinion leaders; Training more personnel (e.g. CDDs) especially in areas of poor drug distribution and low awareness; Improving our logistic support (field vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles)'. Accomplishments: The 1,000 endemic villages in the two States (Edo 530; Delta 470) were fully mobilized during the fifth year operations. Weaknesses/ Constraints : a) Some villages are complaining that the burden of the programme, which they placed on them; -So*"perceive as govemment responsibility, has been b) villages lack cooperation due to chieftaincy and other communal disputes; .j Mectizan distribution was not carried out in some villages due to CDD refusal to do so because of non-payment of incentives. d) Fuel scarcity and the consequent high cost of purchasing it; e) Lack of commitment by some SOCTs and LOCTs 0 Transfer of trained health staff. Ways to improve mobilization of the target villages: Continuous mobilization would be intensified provided logistics are available or provided by the appropriate quarters; - Putting up frequent TV and radio broadcast and jingles; - Crrri;g out high-powered advocacy visits to Village heads and opinion leaders; and - Training more fersonnel (eg CDDs) especially in areas of poor drug distribution low awareness - Improving logistic support (field vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles). APOC's assistance in this regard is still expected. t4 WHO/APOC, 24 Novembet 2004 45 2.4. Gommunity involvement Table 4: Communities participation in the CDTI (Please add more rows if necessary) Number of communities with Number of CDDs and the Number of communities/villages /villages with female communities involved community members as suPervisors CDDs Total no. Number with Percentage Male Female Total Number of Percentage communities community CDDs CDDs communities in the entire members as with female project area supervisors CDDs Br= Brr= B1 Bs By' 84 *100 B8 Be= B7*Bt Bro Blo/B1* 100 istrict/LGA B1 Akoko Edo 47 47 r00% 83 9 92 7 t5% Etsako East 55 47 85% 70 6 76 5 9% Etsako West 36 36 t00% 40 5 45 J 8.3% Owan East 38 38 r00% 67 5 72 4 t05% Owan West 40 40 100% 74 6 80 J 7.s% Igueben 40 40 100% 70 9 79 6 t5% Esan Southeast 36 36 t00% 80 10 90 7 t9.4% Esan West 55 55 r00% 90 5 95 2 3.6% Esan Northeast 37 37 r00% 63 13 76 13 3s% Uhunmwode 42 42 t00% 80 5 85 2 4.7% Ovia Northeast 45 45 r00% 81 5 86 J 6.6% Ovia Southwest 59 59 t00% 80 4 84 2 3.3% Ika Northeast 46 46 100% 68 8 76 8 t7% Ndokwa East 54 54 100% 74 13 87 6 11 % Ndokwa West 4l 4T 100% 90 5 95 5 r2% Oshimili North 57 57 r00% 65 20 8s 10 t7.s% Oshimili South 46 46 t00% 45 18 63 18 39% Aniocha North 50 50 t00% 70 t6 86 7 t4% Aniocha South 62 62 t00% 80 9 89 9 t45% Ika South 65 65 t00% 86 8 94 8 12.3% Ukwuani 49 49 r00% 76 13 89 8 16.3% Grand Total 1000 992 99.2% t532 t92 t724 136 13.6% Comment on: Attendance offemale members of the community at health education meetings In general, how do you rate the participation offemale members of the community mietings when CDTI issues are being discusses (attendance, participation in the discussion etc). Incentives provided by communities for the CDDs t6 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2003 Attrition of CDDs. Is attrition a problem for the project? If yes, how is it addressed? Other issues 1. In Edo and Delta States, attendance of female members at health education meetings, though minimal, is very encouraging. tnformation about decisions arrived at is also spread round to those who did not attend such meeting. During mobilization, the female groups can also be addressed. 2. In male dominant communities some women actively participate in CDTI activities as CDDs. Compensation of CDDs is expected to improve with increasing Community awareness of CDTI ownership but it is yet to be fully accepted. Some communities have not fulfilled their pledges of providing incentives and many have not made a statement towards doing so. 3. The lack of sustainable incentives for CDDs causes loss of morale among nominated CDDs and reluctance for would be CDDs. 4. Attrition is a problem in the project area, because it amounts to retraining of CDDs. However, such affected villages would be quickly remobilized to select a replacement CDD. ln recognition of this problem, it has been decided that many CDDs would be trained henceforth to absorb any vacuum created by a withdrawing CDD' t7 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 Sq AJ B' I a.% o 0) F Q N \o ( N O o\ ra) \o ra| \o o\ $ tr- @ o\ o\ 00 @ ts\ cl : : : .L at) hE qf. \o \o r.) c{ N (n n ca Or \o .f, \o r- oo ** @ r- : t-- .: o\ o\ 'EY U us s co \)h \o SS 0) = \o O o @ $ O Q)> t\S z F (n c.l \o (al N o\ r.) \o \o co o=l o\ tr- $ r- 00 r- o\ o\ r- oo € o N H SN 0) .ts qr o € ll -o th o F (-) 0) 0) N ot c.l c{ N c.l c.l N N C-l N .=6 zo :$ ct F< s rrh ,L N \s lFr q qioSS c): c.l 6I 6l N N N a\ c.l N N N N o ''< .oE Or h,s qB > q dg0 q) r- ltl * !o U 6) lr o |r{ hq)os u B aas q- \o (J t4 z F $q., > N ol c-l N c.l c.l c\l ol N c.l c.l o .sb L lS p ,t at) os :-'br oo! a ieu" r ( ra ( ( ( (rl (n r.) tn t.) L -:.. \ \ q) ,r) : : : a,) rs 6r .3s q) c)q) q) V) \' U ca o.l :i\ q co $ N N ca =t q) BS dri : : a F$ g d)- S L @ q) o o-o * sf, N r co $ ca c-l N co SX-. L > h L-l S' GI o 0) s. Eu.go ! "s$B C) 3E$ tr F (J s o z (a r.) tr} (a) t.) tn [r) (.) \., r r a) Bdeis o. *a E\ q: s ?r q) U) bn F E,''f + \ r* Q \o \o \o \o \o \o \o \-q) Psv a (J .: : \)R%!hq) U !s$L (H Fl o o ,L No R a 9a(J0) *rC ta-\J (n \o \o (.) rn \o \o \o q) r-r h o.t : : :_ .: () ;'e '=EO0N*s .E P$R OG U E' 0)li = EI .U 6) bir E E\ !a 14 'r. € -vt- .bPN L o z tr U !S=o S S.Sf \o \o \o \o \o \o \o \o \o \o P$%' (! EI bI) (,\J tt) tn v) q) CO lE -\A o 0) (! t) 0) C) o.t $=E' L< o c/) C) a PaR (t tn 0) ts (n L o L 6ao F ) 0) o B o (r* Fl H E] F E] F o L $P\. ,iir o o a z z \) \E S) ()l I j4o th J4 ,v (g (B d o d Cd (g (B crl s b\ _ol-l q jl a a > B (n (n a OA.\J AQ)LL%s) dt E] H H E] o Nr t!s FI H o o$ \o o N $ -o() o 6t a'! -a -t \o F- ra) (n co \o o\ t o\ rr 'i r- @ \o @ o\ 0-) o : 1 T r r : : =€yd o !+ t6 z (n AA t tr- r.) $ ca @ N \o (.) N =t @ oo \o r- F- oo E o\./= o )FH O : : 1 : /-) c) E YA * bOLr.r- Era oo \o Q,) O=li tn \o Ir- o\ L{-(! o p. E= E H.9 ts $ N o\ + .ek4 $ \o t-* \.) rn co \o o\ $ o\ F- vF* ^ @ I-* 00 Ol @ \o oo @ o\ @ i! Jt-Yo too HP s bo o trv)s .29 (f) o .r.1 (i ot : gF.i: = o*BE tioc)I ?a) q) 9()€I -q-q .1 : (u E 5E q) 3-.: H O r9pOerX .9 H CJ o: -c - (9.=li-r€>l o c (a s ,r'ldpd c.l ?a €3!*atrtr'!{: .E E HI ^\ bo e8-D E9 tat O r- 9 bo: N g tr oo tr-Y o\ t- : -Q'=oJ-lr* -o -o'S 6J c) rr Lh.-)^a E I $ o (.) Or 6-E I9 : r- 00 o\ t-- \o r- N q) I q) a: <-a; tr ?-o (a q) tJ 0 'E.r co N (.} co $ ca ia Jb e) a L =E €9Co- Ep Sq (.} O rr E:Cg c H.= N x ut (d po.a!v- i- qrE 5ti r- €9 !-oF s € i (.) (a) dH^U \o (.} \n rr) l.i \ ra \n .: b0 ;-o tr.b 8 r- \ z o o o a B Fr a d -9 an (n d € tr J4 ]z o o o Jl z z o o D tr += U N Table 6: Tlpe of training undertaken (Tick the boxes where specific training was carried out during the reporting period) Trainees Other Health Community Workers members e.g (frontline MOH Type Community health staff or Political Others of training CDDs supervisors facilities) Other Leaders {specifu) ,/ Proglam management How to conduct ,/ ,/ ,/ Health education ,/ ,/ ,/ Management of SAEs ,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ CSM SHM ,/ Data collection ,/ Data analysis ,/ ,/ Report writing Others (specify) 2.6. Treatments 2.6.1. Treatment figures 65% - If the project is not achieving 100% geographical coverage and a minimum of iherapeutic coverage or the coverage rate is fluctuating, state the reasons and the plans being made to remedY this. NOTE: Reasons for non attainment of 100% geographic coverage in some LGAs in Edo State annual distribution 1. At Owan East LGA, five villages bluntly refused to participate in the of Mectizan, despite series of mobilization carried out. This was specially due to non payment of incentives to the CDDs. LGAs, 2 At Owan West, Esan West, Esan Northeast, Ovia Northeast and Ovia Southwest the targeted villages were not fully covered because of some CDDs refusal to distribute Mectizan in their villages due to non-payment of incentives. The State Oncho team visited such villag., ,i.. LGA staff and HFS succeeded at last to get them to distribute drugs, after a long try. In order to avert this trend in future, meetings will be held with ttre-viitage heads and opinion leaders and mobilizationof all stakeholders will be intensified to solve the problem. It is important that CDDs are compensated' some politicians J At Esan Southeast LGA, the villages targeted for treatment was 38 but There was demanded that the area they are representing must be treated as villages. This is nothing the LGA Coordinato, couid do but to comply with the political demand. ..rporiibl" for the rise in number of villages treated in this LGA from 38 to 58 villages' 20 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2003 o O o$ O N k C) ..o E;€ea6g€= () o o g rrl z cn $ zz\a (\l rr) \o F- t-- @ .t \o O Or to r- ca N ca o\ (.} (r) YO \o ca o\ o\ ca ca r- ca N tr- o\ o\ (.) O oo (.} o\ o\ oo ca =t N co N c.l ca N \J (! B qo t-- rc @ oo ca @ $ @ \o @ o\ tn C.l O.^ E= ca @ ca c.l co N oo $ \o o\ cn $ LE^-aD @ N oo o\ @ ol N 00 F- r- (n o\ o\ .3 g.EE E $ r- c.l ol EE.}EE -u! o \o -o 1O 5o o s o\ o\ s o\ s ^\ o\ ^\ s o\ o\ o\ o\ q (o q $ I-* c..! ()c!=oo ll i n q n \ n n \ =q ca \o ol r- c.t O I*r \o F. ( € r.) \o \o @ ooE9 an r.) \o \o tr- t-r \o o\ t,- o\ \o -EOF :. A N tr- \o N $ ol oo \o (.) tr- \o @ Q a- Or .f, co o\ (.) (n \o $ c{ \a) c\.l @ 6l U') bEE \o" q \o q @ \ $ \o^ c\ \ \o F- si 'lfad N oi r- cn m \o N t ( U Eb9 \o ( (.) ca $ ca (n $ ca co CA ca $ qJ = o.! o z (d rn q ca ca O O r- (.) co > :o O \o O co O co d o.= C.l o\ (n ,rI ca co t-- o p. $ L. o cr) \o c! ca O .t t ca \i \o q) F< lrl \r) $ ca s ca 1.) .t co co ca s \t $ t\ -?-r:o u3 c o\ @ (.} o\ tat ot ( 1.} \o (.) $ @ (n c.l .= .' d o\ o\ @ c,- ol r- .t 00 \o \o o\ B E q9 $^ crl $ .rI q c.I ol tr- (n oo @ ca di q) o Pcd tr- co (.) co o\ o\ O o\ oi I-* @ \o V1 = ta) rn t.) \o \o B o\ r- $ \o $ t-* cn $ !0 HEE E a - E€ E :vo Etr ,y F ar) L \v r.o \o -o \o -o \o (€ o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ s ^\ o\ o\ o\ s (g .9 q; oe oo rn O o\ -q r- aM \o 00 oo C') 6- t! ll * \ci r- s + d !EE @ @ @ C) a'd o\ lr boa Cd uo (c a r- ( \o ca o\ oo o\ N @ t c.l (.) tr) -t (.) co ca (.) (n \o b0 E.9 .- $ co ca co $ s (n g.= U! (, 9r tr bo.g J t I =tr>!=s o U) AO t< C) o (n F- rn \o @ \o ra) t,- N ta) N .o :o ta) .+ (n (.) d o.= s r co co $ $ c.) cO $ \o h 5tr11 p !:o a, H o t.uP O rv a (n (.l r.a) \[email protected] F- \o @ \o r- c.l o\ N E q o=: o s (.) co ca $ $ ca la) ca $ .f (n ta) \o d oE-xE :=qs.9Xta-> () .E o=EEES- tr - (s o>-o C) l< C) t-{ (n o o o (/) rrf (B U) C) (!) o ah C€ (n C) (h B (n o d ol H sl F E] ts (n (d d o o o 0) c) B o o B ()d -ol 5 H p -d o cdl }z }1 JZ (B (! -C] -c (g 'rj 9f 'E< o CB (B 0.) (d FI J1 U) c/) B EE SE ;(, B bo oO o :;o tro i5{ E] E] o o lrl ca t! AZ oz od Farming and fishing activities which takes the people away from their habitat for several months Academic pursuits by "still active" people Search for "greener pastures" outside the communities Better medical treatment in urban centers Migration of inhabitants in times of communal clashes/conflicts 2.6.3 What are the reasons for refusals? Refusal of Mectizan intake is simply a human reaction to the kind of information or mis-information received from those who experienced mild reactions to treatment. However, increased and improved mobilization, health education and sensitization for awareness and reassurances about the efficacy of the drug, will continue to help in reducing the level of refusals in the project. 2.6.4 Briefly describe all known and verified serious adverse events (SAEs) that occurred during the reporting period and provide (in table 8) the required information when available. In case the project did not have any cases of serious adverse events (SAE) during this reporting period, please tick in the box. No SAE case to report ffi 23 WHO/APOC, 24 November 2004 z4 c) o9H u95 <.E E os c\ ok P E'H ,o p(ri: (goia 0) 8tr5 zo ,XEE c.l* i* o Ci .9 o c.r A -. oiE2 4 IJ q)h !3. U 5A 'Jr v B q q ()m b PX 9:- q) 9 cii (0 \ '6 .= L) v 0)-q tr *v@ t 'io a,) qr;o- v1 o.9s o d trEc q) d@oo g O E .lr,E E o L{ o ao E7=a bo ()'=== tr A€gE oL ()a l< (! lr) q) g spE CB N €. 2_o.H o = (.) oo f;EEtE L € o I! !o L a o o o a) o a tr -o (n cd (hx C) oo qj cd L b .r.j U AD bt t+r b0 q) qj otr (J b0 o= S U U Fr li Eb0 -\a \ i- (H u o qo (n O) o> b a) ^0) N. pB jgo--r, b0 H} (.) tro U a,) () (,)(l) o' S L % >\e q) .P- a a. a,) i-() q) t4 \ tr> o o- q) U o L U', t S <8o B () ..h'J a- q) 0) :- \) 'E> a. q) \ q) \ -b p EU) F q) ;==o o b0 o (J ra ! O'o q) u.g {- L E9 q o ! \ q) \ o Ha \ tr ,o q) o o C)+r,a9 a-g ta o !D 9p -^ a- Lu I-r \- G fl o' +a a- =q)!-> tr a- >s) o fl U o <*5 (, Q oo E IE \\i\)Q) EE lt .E ah q F o\ q) ,o\ o sq) q) Ea q)>. o-o ! o o(! q) E -0) al a- b0 gE" N -o cit q a!(d z E $! o!) t- q) 6)H "Qs L o o'= q) F S t