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Water Resources of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon

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Water Resources of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon ;-. -;_ i:· :.: · r!ID!.l~~rP ~cs~wtP~C§~ ;~:~ ·;·.; ':/ : ·,~[p#l '. ~rYtbJ!~ .: U®~lktrv ·· ~~~~~li~~D ··.··~.·- ~~;~ . ·:·l ·-: u.s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY : .• .. · Wt1t~i R~6u"r;desJaveshgatioAs 76~'26. :-. _: ,. ) ·- :::, . ... _.. ,. ) ·. ,· ,_., ~- . · Pre:Paie~ i~ ¢o9pe,ratl6n ' "'rtth\i~l.e . · .. .·.·.·. .. .. .· ..· . :i CO~fEQBRATp.Q'TRt~~S , O FTB.EW~~M SPRifiG.$1{-ES.E~VAJI .p,N ·; .· _; i ·,.· :·_ \ WATER RESOURCES OF THE WARM SPRINGS INDIAN RESERVATION, OREGON By J. H. Robison and Antonius Laenen U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water Resources Investigations 7 6-26 Prepared in cooperation with the CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE WARM SPRINGS RESERVATION 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Thomas S. Kleppe, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Vincent E. McKelvey, Director For additional information write to: U.S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 3202 Portland, Oregon 97208 ii CONTENTS Page Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Geography---------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Geology------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 Clarno Formation---------------------------------------------------- 4 John Day Formation-------------------------------------------------- 4 Columbia River Basalt Group----------------------------------------- 5 Dalles Formation---------------------------------------------------- 5 Basalt-------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Andesite------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Gravel-------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Alluvium------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Hydrology---------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Climate------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Streams and streamflow---------------------------------------------- 7 Warm Springs River--------------------------------------------- 17 Shitike Creek-------------------------------------------------- 19 Whitewater River----------------------------------------------- 20 Jefferson Creek------------------------------------------------ 22 Metolius River------------------------------------------------- 22 Deschutes River------------------------------------------------ 22 Other streams-------------------------------------------------- 23 Streamflow distribution---------------------------------------- 23 Quality of streamflow------------------------------------------ 26 Lakes and reservoirs-------~---------------------------------------- 26 Ground water-------------------------------------------------------- 33 Occurrence and movement---------------------------------------- 33 Springs-------------------------------------------------------- 34 Hot springs---------------------------------------------------- 36 Wells---------------------------------------------------------- 36 Quality of ground water---------------------------------------- 41 Standards for the usability of water-------------------------------- 42 Domestic use--------------------------------------------------- 42 Use by livestock or fish------------------------------------~-- 44 Irrigation use------------------------------------------------- 44 Conclusions------------------~------------------------------------------- 45 Glossary of selected terms----------------------------------------------- 46 Selected references------------------------------------------------------ 48 Basic-data records------------------------------------------------------- 51 iii ILLUSTRATIONS [Plate is in pocket] Plate 1. Geohydrologic map of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oreg. Page Figure 1. Map showing location of Warm Springs Indian Reservation------- 3 2. Map showing average annual precipitation---------------------- 8 3. Graph showing monthly precipitation at Government Camp, Oreg., 1973-74 water years----------------------------------------- 10 4. Map showing drainage basins and selected streamflow stations-- 11 5. Graph showing monthly mean runoff of Warm Springs River, Shitike Creek, and White River, 1973-74 water years--------- 12 6. Graph showing mean monthly runoff of White River below Tygh Valley, 1917-74--------------------------------------------- 13 7. Graph showing relation of annual mean discharges in 1973 to mean annual discharges for selected streams----------------- 14 8. Graph showing relation of low flow of the Whitewater River to concurrent flow of Squaw Creek------------------------------ 15 9. Regional flood-frequency curve for White River below Tygh Valley, 1918-74--------------------------------------------- 16 10. Map showing percentage of flow at several points on the Warm Springs River and its tributaries compared to flow at the mouth---------------·---------------------------------------- 17 11. Graph showing streamflow of Shitike Creek, 1973-74, compared to suggested optimum and minimum flows for fish life-------- 21 12-21 .. Diagrams showing hydrography, temperature, and dissolved oxygen for selected high lakes. 12. Harvey Lake---------------------------------------------- 27 13. Spoon Lake----------------------------------------------- 27 14. Long Lake------------------------------------------------ 28 15. Dark Lake------------------------------------------------ 28 16. Island Lake---------------------------------------------- 29 17. Trout Lake----------------------------------------------- 29 18. Boulder Lake--------------------------------------------- 30 19. Blue Lake------------------------------------------------ 30 20. Gibson Lake---------------------------------------------- 31 21. Breitenbush Lake----------------------------------------- 31 22. Diagram showing hydrography, temperature, and dissolved oxygen for Happy Valley Reservoir--------------------------- 32 23. Diagram showing well- and spring-nmnbering system------------- 34 24. Cross section showing probable conditions at Buck Springs----- 35 25-31. Graphs showing water levels during drawdown tests of-- 25. Frank Suppah well-------------------------------------- 37 26. Sarena Boyd well--------------------------------------- 38 27. Charles Jackson well----------------------------------- 39 28. Elmer Quinn well--------------------------------------- 39 29. Irene Wells well--------------------------------------- 40 30. Schoolie Flat 380-ft test well------------------------- 40 31. Schoolie Flat 150-ft test well------------------------- 41 32. Graph showing livability zones for rainbow trout-------------- 45 iv TABLES Page Factors for converting English units to International System Units (SI)-------------------------------------------------- v Table 1. Annual precipitation at selected weather stations in vicinity of Warm Springs Indian Reservation----------------- 9 2. Selected streamflow data-------------------------------------- 24 3. Selected peak discharges-------------------------------------- 25 4. Daily discharge of the Warm Springs River, 1973-74------------ 52 5. Daily discharge of Shitike Creek, 1973-74--------------------- 54 6. Daily discharge of the White River, 1973-74------------------- 56 7. Gain-loss investigations of the Warm Springs River and Mill Creek, 1973------------------------------------------------- 58 8. Coliform sampling at selected sites--------------------------- 60 9. Turbidity and sediment sampling at selected sites------------- 61 10. Chemical analyses of selected surface water------------------- 62 11. Streamflow measurements--------------------------------------- 63 12. Chemical analysis of water from Deschutes River near 71 13. Quality of water in selected high lakes----------------------- 72 14. Records of selected springs--------- ------------------------- 73 15. Records of wells and test holes------------------------------- 76 16. Drillers' logs of wells---------- ---------------------------- 79 17. Chemical analyses of water from selected wells and springs---- 83 FACTORS FOR CONVERTING ENGLISH UNITS TO INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNITS (SI) The following factors may be used to convert the English units in this report to the International System of Units (SI). The factors are shown to four siqnificant figures; however, in the text the metric equivalents are shown only to the-number of significant figures consistent with the values for English units. English Multiply by Metric acres 0.004047 (square kilometres) 3 acre-ft (acre-feet) .001233 hm (cubic hectometres) °F (degrees Fahrenheit) 5/9, after (degrees Celsius) subtracting 32 ft (feet) .3048 m (metres) 2 2 ft /day (feet squared .0929 m /day (metres squared per day) per day) 3 3 ft /s (cubic feet .02832 m /s (cubic metres per per second) second) 3 2 3 2 (ft /s)/mi (cubic feet per .01093 (m /s)/km (cubic metres second per square mile) per second per square kilometre) gal (gallons) 3.785 I (litres) gal/min (gallons per .06309 1/s (litres per second) minute) in (inches) 25.4 mm (millimetres) mi (miles) 1.609 km (kilometres) 2 2 mi (square miles) 2.590 km (square kilometres) tons (short) .9072 t (tonnes, or 1,000 kilograms) v Lake Sim tustus WATER RESOURCES OF TilE WARM SPRINGS INDIAN RESERVATION, OREGON By J. H. Robison and Antonius Laenen ABSTRACT Water-resources data for the 1,000-square-mile (2,600-square-kilometre) Warm Springs Indian Reservation in north-central Oregon were obtained and evaluated. The area is bounded on the west by the crest of the Cascade Range and on the south and east by the Metolius and Deschutes Rivers.
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