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Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa

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Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa Prepared in cooperation with the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa 170o 40' 170o 35' 14o 15' 50 55 45 170o 45' 35 170o 50' 40 45 50 55 50 14o 20' 55 60 Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5200 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey This page is intentionally blank. Potential Evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa By Scot K. Izuka, Thomas W. Giambelluca, and Michael A. Nullet Prepared in cooperation with the American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5200 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2005 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Izuka, S.K., Giambelluca, T.W., and Nullet, M.A., 2005, Potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5200, 40 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................3 Physiographic Setting of Tutuila ..................................................................................................................3 Study Methods ...............................................................................................................................................5 Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration from Climate Data .........................................................6 Data Collection ......................................................................................................................................6 Climate Data....................................................................................................................................................9 Potential Evapotranspiration .....................................................................................................................15 Summary and Conclusions .........................................................................................................................34 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................34 Appendix 1 – Description of Climate Stations and Methods for Computation of Potential Evapotranspiration ........................................................................................................36 Figures Figure 1. Map showing location and physical features of Tutuila, American Samoa ....................2 Figure 2. Graph showing rainfall at the National Weather Service office at the Pago Pago Airport and the U.S. Geological Survey Aasufou rain gage, Tutuila, American Samoa ........................................................................................................................4 Figure 3. Graph showing temperature, pan evaporation, wind speed, and relative humidity at the National Weather Service office at the Pago Pago Airport, Tutuila, American Samoa ........................................................................................................................5 Figure 4. Generalized diagram of instrument setup at climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa ................................................................................................................................7 Figure 5. Map showing climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .............................................8 Figure 6. Graph showing mean hourly and mean monthly rainfall at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa ........................................................................................................10 Figure 7. Graph showing mean hourly and mean monthly net radiation at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .....................................................................11 Figure 8. Graph showing mean hourly and mean monthly soil heat flux at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa ............................................................................................................... 12 Figure 9. Graph showing mean hourly and mean monthly air temperature at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .....................................................................13 Figure 10. Graph showing mean hourly and mean monthly soil temperature at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .....................................................................14 Figure 11. Graph showing mean hourly and mean monthly relative humidity at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .....................................................................16 Figure 12. Graph showing mean hourly and mean monthly wind speed at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .....................................................................17 Figure 13. Graph showing mean hourly potential evapotranspiration at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .....................................................................19 iv Figures—Continued Figure 14. Graph showing unadjusted mean monthly potential evapotranspiration at the climate stations on Tutuila, American Samoa .....................................................................21 Figure 15. Map showing distribution of mean annual potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................22 Figure 16. Map showing distribution of mean January potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................23 Figure 17. Map showing distribution of mean February potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................24 Figure 18. Map showing distribution of mean March potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................25 Figure 19. Map showing distribution of mean April potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................26 Figure 20. Map showing distribution of mean May potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................27 Figure 21. Map showing distribution of mean June potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................28 Figure 22. Map showing distribution of mean July potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................29 Figure 23. Map showing distribution of mean August potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................30 Figure 24. Map showing distribution of mean September potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ........................................................................................................31 Figure 25. Map showing distribution of mean October potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ......................................................................................................................32 Figure 26. Map showing distribution of mean November and mean December potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa ...............................................................33 Tables Table 1. Locations and monitoring periods of climate stations used in the study of potential evapotranspiration on Tutuila, American Samoa. ..............................................................9 Table 2. Mean hourly potential evapotranspiration for stations on Tutuila, American Samoa. .....................................................................................................................18 Table 3. Unadjusted
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