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Fbeis 84Ab.Pdf UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED FAGATELE BAY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY JUNE 1984 Prepared by: Sanctuary Programs Di s;on Office of Ocean and Coast Resource Management National Ocean Service Nat;o Oceanic c Adm;n; ion 3300 in, N.W e , DeC Designation: Final Environmental Impact Statement/Management Plan Title: Final Environmental Impact Statement and Management Plan for the Proposed Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary Abstract: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) proposes to designate 163 acres (.25 square mile) of water off the island of Tutuila, American Samoa as a national marine sanctuary. The for comprehensive management; inclUding enforcement, resource studies and interpretive Specific regulations are proposed that control the taking of coral and the crown-of-thorns starfish, the use of illegal fishing methods, discharges, and the taking of sea turtles. The Inter­ pretive Program provides a broad-based agenda that includes on-site and off-site activities geared for elementary and high school students as well as community college students and the general pUblic. The Resource Studies Plan proposes to gather baseline data, monitor and assess water quality and circulation, coral and fish populations, and develop life history studies on the crown­ of-thorns starfish. Data from these studies would be used by managers to make sanctuary management decisions. Alternatives to the proposed action include the status quo, high and low options, a non-regulatory option, and a territorial option. Lead Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management Contact: Dr. Nancy Foster Chief, Sanctuary Programs Division Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management National Ocean Service/NOAA 3300 Whitehaven Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20235 202/634-4236 FII'lAL ENVIROI~MENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED FAGATELE BAY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Table of Contents NOTE TO READERS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• vi i i EXECUTIVE SUMfYtJ\Ry •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ix PART I: INTRODUCTION •..•.••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•••••••••• 1 A. Authority for Designation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 B. Goals of the National Marine Sanctuary Program •••••••• 1 c. Status of the National Mari ne Sanctuary Program ••••••• 1 D. Purpose and Need for Designation •••••••••••••••••••••• 3 Eo The Plan for Managing the Sanctuary••••••••••••••••••• 4 PART II: MANAGEMENT CONTEXT ................................... 7 A. Proposed Sanctuary Location and Geographical Description •••••••••••••••••••••• 7 B. Sanctuary Resources ••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••• 10 1. Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 2. Physical Characteristics ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 a. Geology of .Tutuila ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 b. Physical Oceanography •••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 c. Climate •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 d. Water Quality •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 3. ract sties ••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 a. 13 b. a. e." e. e" e ••• 1& '$ Ell •• @II e. \1lI e e e e e •• e. Ell e @II e e 13 c. Mamma 1S • e e • e ••••• $I €I It .. e e e •••• e 13 d. eSeee ••• 14 e. 14 f. 14 C. Social and Economic Factors •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 1. Regional Characteristics ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 2. Local Characteristics •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 ............................................ 17 D. Legal and Institutional Background ••••••••••••••••••• 17 1. Introduct ion •.•.................................. 17 2. Territorial and Federal Law •••••••••••••••••••••• 19 a. Territori al Authoriti es ••••.••••••••••••••••• 20 b. Federal Authorities •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 3. Enforcement •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•• 25 a. Department of Parks and Recreation ••••••••••• 25 b. Federal Coordination ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 26 E. Issues and Problems Associated with the Resources of the Proposed FBNMS .•••••••.••.•••••••..•.••••••••• 26 1. Enforcement ...........................•.......... 27 2. Public Awareness and Information ••••••••••••••••• 27 3. Coral Reefs .•••••••••••••••••••..•••••••••..••••. 27 4. Threatened and Endangered Species •••••••••••••••• 28 5. Population Growth ...••.••..••.•..•••.••••....•••. 28 F. Implications for Management •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 28 PART II I: MANAGEMENT MEASURES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 A. Sanctuary s and Objectives ••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 B. Administration a 11r", .... ·~"" ion ••••••••••••••• 1. c c nistration •• 2. ice e ••••••••••••••• '8 ...... 35 a. b c. 3. Sanctuary Headquarters/Vi sitor Center Facil ities.. 39 4. Surveillance and Enforcement Program ••••••••••••• 39 a. General Responsibilities ••••••••••••••••••••• 39 b. ~.~•.•~••~ 1•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 40 c. $t~~e 1·1 ••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 40 d. Sanctuary Regulations •••••••••••••••••••••••• 40 C. Interpretive Program ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 2. Methods and Approach •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 49 3. Priority Projects••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 59 D. Resource Studies Plan ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 60 1. Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 60 2. Resource Management Units ••••••••••••••••••••••• 60 3. The Plan •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 62 4. A List of Priority Studies •••••••••••••••••••••• 75 PART IV: ALTERNATIVES INCLUDING THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ••••••••• A. Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77 B. Boundary Alternatives••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77 1. Status Quo •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77 2. Boundary Option 1••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 3. NOAA's Prefe Alternative •••••••••••••••••••• 4. • ••• /Ill *' •••••• ,. ill ........... " ...... C. t si r rters tes ••••••• 1. e ........ 0 ... El • 2 tes r seu on •• .... D. he ternati ve 1 - s • 2. Alternative 2 - Preferred Alternative ••••••••••• 85 3. Alternat he 3 - Low Cost, Low Profile ••••••••••• 85 4. Alternative 4 - High Cost, High Profile ••••••••• 86 5. Alternative 5 - Non-Regulatory •••••••••••••••••• 87 6. Alternative 6 - Speci al Area Designation •••••••• 87 PART V: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES - IMPACTS ON RESOURCES......... 89 A. Introduction........................................ 89 1. Preferred Alternative........................... 90 2. St atu s Quo ••• III • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 90 3. Alternative 3 - Low Cost, Low Profile........... 90 4. Alternative 4 - High Cost, High Profile......... 90 B. Environmental Consequences - Boundary Alternatives.. 91 C. Envi ronmental Consequences of the Vi sito r Center.... 92 1. Leone Village Site.............................. 92 2. American Samoa Community College Site........... 92 D. Environmental Consequences ­ Alternative Management Measures.................. 92 1. Impacts of Regulations.......................... 92 2. Impacts of Enforcement.......................... 93 3. Impacts of the Interpretive Program............. 94 4. Impacts of the Resource Studies an............ 96 PART IX: LIST OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND PERSONS RECEIVING COPIES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 101 PART X: REFERENCES •••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• R-l PART XII: COMMENTS AND RESPONSES TO THE DEIS •••••••••••••••••••••••• C-l LIST OF FIGURES Page 1 National Marine Sanctuary System •••••••••••••••••••••• 2 2 location of American Samoa ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 3 location of Fagatel e Bay ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9 4 Fagatele Bay and Surrounding Villages •••••••••••••••••• 18 5 Boundary Alternative 1••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 77 6 Boundary Alternative 2 - The Preferred Alternative ••••• 78 7 Boundary Alternative 3 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 81 8 Alternative Visitor Center Sites ••••••••••••••••••••••• 82 LIST Of TABLES Maxiimum Alt itude of the Isl ands of SarnCla. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 2 Threatened and Endangered Species Sited in Vicinity of Fagatel e Bay........................................ 15 3 Physical and Chemical Parameters and Suggested frequency of Measurement for Water Quality Monitoring •••••••... e.................................. 69 4 Site Selection Matrix.................................. 83 Note to Readers: This document is both a final management plan and a final environmental impact statement for the proposed Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary. 9s hei r order are arranged di fferently than e 1 impact statements. To assist NEPA able developed. Under the heading "NEPA ose topics normally discussed in an EIS. The Requlr II are 1 correspondi n9 sect ion of this document and the page number are provided in the other two columns. NEPA Requirement Management PI an Purpose and Need for Action •••••••••••••••••••.•• Executive Summary, Part I: Introduction, and Sect ion O--Purpose and Need •..•••.•• Alternatives Preferred Alternative Part IV, Management Measures 77 Preferred Boundary Alternative ••••••••••••••••• Part II, Management Context, Section B, Location and Boundaries •••••• Other Alternatives ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Part IV, Alternatives ••••••••••••••••••••• 77 Affected Environment •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Part II, Management Context ••••••••••••••• Environmental Consequences A. General and Specific Impacts ••••••••••••••• Part 'I, Environmental
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