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AUSTRALIAN NAVAL REVIEW 2020 Issue 2 Australian Naval Review 2020 - Issue 2 2020 – Issue 2 Australian Naval Review AUSTRALIAN NAVAL REVIEW 2020 Issue 2 Australian Naval Review 2020 - Issue 2 The Australian Naval Review is the biannual publication of the Australian Naval Institute (ANI). After the retirement of the quarterly Headmark, the ANI transitioned to an annual peer-reviewed journal in 2016. This is alongside the frequent publication of articles on the Institute’s website. Since 2019, the Australian Naval Review has been published biannually. Editorial Captain Guy Blackburn, RAN (Chair) Committee Sub Lieutenant Ben Page, RAN Peer Review Professor Rob McLaughlin Advisory Commodore Richard Menhinick, AM, CSC, RAN (Retired) Committee Copy Editor Ms Kiri Mathieson Printed by Instant Colour Press, Canberra Set in Calibri 12pt ISSN 2207-2128 (Hard Copy) Copyright of the articles published in this issue, unless specified, resides with the authors. Copyright in the form of the article printed in the Australian Naval Review is held by the Australian Naval Institute. Australian Naval Review 2020 Issue 2 1 Australian Naval Review 2020 - Issue 2 About the ANI The ANI is the leading forum for naval and maritime affairs in Australia. Formed in 1975, the main objectives of the ANI are: • to encourage and promote the advancement of knowledge related to the Navy and the maritime profession; and • to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas concerning subjects related to the Navy and the maritime profession. Contributing to the Australian Naval Review The ANI publishes articles and comments on naval and maritime issues. Of particular interest are articles concerning naval strategy, operations, capabilities, administration and policy, as well as those concerning the maritime and geopolitical environments, but all articles will be considered. Contact the ANR Committee at [email protected] for further information (including the Australian Naval Review’s Style Guide for prospective authors) or to submit a contribution to theANR . Disclaimer The views expressed in this review do not represent the official views of the Royal Australian Navy, the Australian Defence Force, the Chief of Navy or the ANI. That said, Headmark, and now the Australian Naval Review, have a proud tradition of over 40 years of contributing informed research, writing, and opinion on naval and maritime matters. ANI Membership Members of the ANI receive discounts on events run by the Institute, a copy of the biannual Australian Naval Review, full access to the ANI website and the knowledge that they are contributing to the ever-important public debates on naval and maritime affairs. Further information on membership is available on the Institute’s website (www.navalinstitute.com.au) or from the Secretariat ([email protected]). 2 Australian Naval Review 2020 Issue 2 Council President Vice Admiral Peter Jones, AO, DSC, RAN (Retired) Vice President Commodore Allison Norris, CSC, RAN Treasurer Captain Nick Tate, RAN Secretary Lieutenant Commander Stephanie Foulkes, RAN Councillors Captain Guy Blackburn, RAN Commander Mike Collinson, RNZN Mr Andrew Gordon Mr Richard Hobbs Professor Robert McLaughlin Sub Lieutenant Ben Page, RAN Lieutenant Commander Ben Piggott, RAN Mr Craig Powell Brigadier Will Taylor, OBE, RM (Retired) Lieutenant Commander Desmond Woods, RAN Business Manager Ms Sue Hart Front Cover: HMA Ships Sirius, Arunta, Stuart, Hobart and Canberra depart the Port of Darwin to commence the Regional Presence Deployment 2020 in Southeast Asia and off the coast of Hawaii. Photographer: LSIS Ernesto Sanchez. Inside Back Cover: Able Seaman Musician Phillip Edey from the Royal Australian Navy Band plays ‘Sunset’ during a Ceremonial Sunset ceremony on the flight deck of HMAS Brisbane, whilst alongside Fleet Base East, Sydney. Photographer: ABIS Leon Dafonte Fernandez. Australian Naval Review 2020 Issue 2 3 Table of Contents Foreword by the President ..............................................................................................................................................................................5 Vice Admiral Peter Jones, AO, DSC, RAN (Retired) Navy's engagement with industry partners through the National Shipbuilding Enterprise ....................................................................................................................................................17 Vice Admiral Michael Noonan, AO, RAN New Directions in the 2020 Defence Strategic Update ........................................................................21 Ms Melissa Conley Tyler and Mr Iain MacGillivray War at Sea in the Age of Artificial Intelligence .....................................................................................................29 Dr Peter Layton Confused Seas: Searching for Maritime Security in an Insecure World ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................35 Lieutenant Commander Jimmy Drennan, USN Legal, Ethical and Social Considerations for Robotics, Autonomous Systems, and Artificial Intelligence (RAS AI): What the Royal Australian Navy should consider in its RAS AI Strategy .............................................................................................................................................................45 Commander Paul Davidson, RAN and Lieutenant Commander Jane Tsakissiris, RAN The Defence Strategic Update: Maritime Strategy and the Law ........................................ 55 Dr Cameron Moore Australians prepared for Naval Shipbuilding ...........................................................................................................69 Mr Ian Irving Destroyer doomed from the start – the rewritten story of USSPeary’s final combat action in Darwin 1942 ............................................................................................................................................................74 Dr Tom Lewis, OAM 4 Australian Naval Review 2020 Issue 2 Sufficiency of existing legal frameworks for addressing maritime security challenges surrounding autonomous vessels .....................................................................................................104 Lieutenant Commander Simon Lindsay, RAN The 1967 Walker–Besslednyi Collision: When History Got It Wrong .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................117 Mr Bill Streifer and Mr Irek Sabitov Redefining the mission of maritime military geospatial services ................................134 Commander Matthew Houston, RAN Pacific Step Up versus Pacific Reset: Trans-Tasman Lessons for the Pacific ‘Family’ .....................................................................................................................................................................................142 Captain Lisa Hunn, RNZN Australian Naval Review 2020 Issue 2 5 Foreword by the President Vice Admiral Peter Jones, AO, DSC, RAN (Retired) This is the seventh edition of the Australian Naval Review and I believe you will thoroughly enjoy reading its very diverse range of articles on maritime affairs. The COVID-19 pandemic has dominated all our lives in 2020. It is, however, still too early for us to grasp its long-term impact in economic, social and strategic terms. What is likely is that it will be significant. Also of great importance in 2020 was the Australian Government’s release of its Defence Strategic Update 2020 and the associated Force Structure Plan. Over recent months the ANI has sought analysis and differing perspectives on these important policy documents. These have, and continue to, appear on the ANI’s much updated website where they are fully available to members and subscribers. Deeper analysis is now starting to appear in these pages of the Australian Naval Review. No doubt the implications of the Government’s policy will be further considered in future editions. This year, because of the pandemic, the Goldrick Seminar on Remote and Autonomous Systems at Sea became a series of eight webinars. Two observations came from that series. The first was how people quickly adjust to, and embrace, the new reality of webinars. The second, more substantially, is what a significant part remote and autonomous systems will play in the RAN going forward. What is encouraging is how proactive the Navy is in this field. There is more exploration of this subject in this edition. I write this Foreword on the day of the Memorial Service for the late Commodore Sam Bateman. An obituary of this remarkable naval officer and maritime strategist is on the ANI website. Sam was a very active ANI member from its outset and was an editor of the Australian Naval Review’s precursor, the ANI Journal. Sam was one of the early RAN writers on strategic affairs who saw that thinking on naval matters must be in a broader maritime and naval security context. That notion is ably reflected in the broad array of articles in this publication. Finally, I acknowledge the hard work of Captain Guy Blackburn, Sub Lieutenant Ben Page, Mrs Sue Hart and Ms Kiri Mathieson in the production of this edition. I trust you enjoy the Australian Naval Review 2020, Issue 2. 6 Australian Naval Review 2020 Issue 2 HMAS Sydney (V) Commissioning Off the coast of New South Wales on the 18th of May, the Australia’s newest
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