Grazing Alters Network Architecture During Interspecific Mycelial
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Stropharia Caerulea Kreisel 1979 Le Chapeau Est Visqueux À L’Humidité, Bleu Verdâtre Décolorant En Jaunâtre, Et La Marge Ornée De Légers Flocons Blancs
13,90 11,55 8,66 10,43 Stropharia caerulea Kreisel 1979 Le chapeau est visqueux à l’humidité, bleu verdâtre décolorant en jaunâtre, et la marge ornée de légers flocons blancs. La cuticule sèche paraît lisse. Systématique Division Basidiomycètes Classe Agaricomycètes Ordre Agaricales Famille Strophariacées Les lames sont adnées à échancrées, crème, puis beige rosé, enfin brun chocolat clair. Détermination L’arête est concolore, caractéristique Les lames adnées à échancrées et la sporée brun déterminante. violacé orientent vers le Genre Stropharia. La sporée est brune . Avec la clé de Marcel Bon, DM 129, suivre : 1a Couleur vert-bleu, 2b Spores < 10 µm Section Stropharia Une confusion est possible avec Stropharia aeruginosa, 3a Espèces moyennes 5-7 cm +/- charnues, qui possède une arête blanche stérile, vert-bleu jaunissant, Le stipe est recouvert d’un voile caulinaire 4b Lames avec arête concolore, nombreuses floconneux blanc se terminant par un un anneau membraneux plus persistant, chrysocystides anneau fragile et fugace teinté de brun par de nombreuses cheilocystides clavées Stropharia caerulea les spores sur sa face supérieure. et très peu de chrysocystides sur l’arête. Les nombreuses chrysocystides de l’arête émergent au milieu de cellules clavées. Elles sont lagéniformes, étirées au sommet plus ou moins longuement sans toutefois être mucronées, et contiennent une vacuole assez importante. Les chrysocystides sécrètent une matière amorphe qui remplit leur vacuole. Cette masse est incolore puis devient jaune et enfin orangée avec l’âge et dans les solutions basiques comme l’ammoniaque ou la potasse. C’est ainsi que la vacuole paraît incolore ou jaune pâle dans l’eau, jaune très vif dans l’ammoniaque et orangée dans le rouge congo ammoniacal. -
LUNDY FUNGI: FURTHER SURVEYS 2004-2008 by JOHN N
Journal of the Lundy Field Society, 2, 2010 LUNDY FUNGI: FURTHER SURVEYS 2004-2008 by JOHN N. HEDGER1, J. DAVID GEORGE2, GARETH W. GRIFFITH3, DILUKA PEIRIS1 1School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8JS 2Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD 3Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, SY23 3DD Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The results of four five-day field surveys of fungi carried out yearly on Lundy from 2004-08 are reported and the results compared with the previous survey by ourselves in 2003 and to records made prior to 2003 by members of the LFS. 240 taxa were identified of which 159 appear to be new records for the island. Seasonal distribution, habitat and resource preferences are discussed. Keywords: Fungi, ecology, biodiversity, conservation, grassland INTRODUCTION Hedger & George (2004) published a list of 108 taxa of fungi found on Lundy during a five-day survey carried out in October 2003. They also included in this paper the records of 95 species of fungi made from 1970 onwards, mostly abstracted from the Annual Reports of the Lundy Field Society, and found that their own survey had added 70 additional records, giving a total of 156 taxa. They concluded that further surveys would undoubtedly add to the database, especially since the autumn of 2003 had been exceptionally dry, and as a consequence the fruiting of the larger fleshy fungi on Lundy, especially the grassland species, had been very poor, resulting in under-recording. Further five-day surveys were therefore carried out each year from 2004-08, three in the autumn, 8-12 November 2004, 4-9 November 2007, 3-11 November 2008, one in winter, 23-27 January 2006 and one in spring, 9-16 April 2005. -
Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
Bulk Isolation of Basidiospores from Wild Mushrooms by Electrostatic Attraction with Low Risk of Microbial Contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2*
Lakkireddy and Kües AMB Expr (2017) 7:28 DOI 10.1186/s13568-017-0326-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Bulk isolation of basidiospores from wild mushrooms by electrostatic attraction with low risk of microbial contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2* Abstract The basidiospores of most Agaricomycetes are ballistospores. They are propelled off from their basidia at maturity when Buller’s drop develops at high humidity at the hilar spore appendix and fuses with a liquid film formed on the adaxial side of the spore. Spores are catapulted into the free air space between hymenia and fall then out of the mushroom’s cap by gravity. Here we show for 66 different species that ballistospores from mushrooms can be attracted against gravity to electrostatic charged plastic surfaces. Charges on basidiospores can influence this effect. We used this feature to selectively collect basidiospores in sterile plastic Petri-dish lids from mushrooms which were positioned upside-down onto wet paper tissues for spore release into the air. Bulks of 104 to >107 spores were obtained overnight in the plastic lids above the reversed fruiting bodies, between 104 and 106 spores already after 2–4 h incubation. In plating tests on agar medium, we rarely observed in the harvested spore solutions contamina- tions by other fungi (mostly none to up to in 10% of samples in different test series) and infrequently by bacteria (in between 0 and 22% of samples of test series) which could mostly be suppressed by bactericides. We thus show that it is possible to obtain clean basidiospore samples from wild mushrooms. -
Die Großpilzflora Des Gebietes „Speyerer Dünen Und Bruchbachtal“ 1059-1113 Winterhoff: Großpilzflora Der Speyerer Dünen Und Des Bruchbachtals 1059
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Fauna und Flora in Rheinland-Pfalz Jahr/Year: 2000-2002 Band/Volume: 9 Autor(en)/Author(s): Winterhoff Wulfard Artikel/Article: Die Großpilzflora des Gebietes „Speyerer Dünen und Bruchbachtal“ 1059-1113 Winterhoff: Großpilzflora der Speyerer Dünen und des Bruchbachtals 1059 Fauna Flora Rheinland-Pfalz 9: Heft 4 (2002): S.1059-1113. Landau Die Großpilzflora des Gebietes „Speyerer Dünen und Bruchbachtal“ von Wulfard Winterhoff Inhaltsübersicht Abstract Kurzfassung 1. Einleitung 2. Dank 3. Das Untersuchungsgebiet 4. Untersuchungsmethoden 5. Die Pilzflora 5.1 Die Artenvielfalt 5.2 Seltene und für Rheinland-Pfalz neue Arten 6. Ökologische Gruppen der Pilze 6.1 Mykorrhizapilze 6.2 Bodenbewohnende Pilze (Terricole) 6.3 Holz- und rindenbewohnende Pilze (Lignicole und Corticicole) 6.4 Streubewohnende und herbicole Pilze 6.5 Moos- und pilzbewohnende Pilze (Bryophile und Fungicole) 6.6 Brandstellenpilze (Anthracophile) 6.7 Pilze auf Mist und Losung (Coprophile) 6.8 Pilze auf Rindenmulch 7. Die Pilze ausgewählter Pflanzengesellschaften 7.1 Pilze der Kiefernforste 7.2 Pilze bei anderen Nadelbäumen 7.3 Pilze der Buchenwälder 7.4 Pilze der Eichen- und Eichen-Hainbuchenwälder 7.5 Pilze der Erlen-Eschenwälder und Erlenforste 7.6 Pilze der Aschweidengebüsche 7.7 Pilze der Weiden-Birken-Pflanzungen 7.8 Pilze bei Birken in anderen Wald- und Forstgesellschaften 7.9 Pilze der Espengehölze 7.10 Pilze bei Kulturpappeln 1060 Fauna Flora Rheinland-Pfalz 9: Heft 4, 2002, S. 1059-1113 7.11 Pilze der Robinienforste 7.12 Pilze der Waldwegränder 7.13 Pilze der Sandrasen 7.14 Pilze der mageren Frisch- und Feuchtwiesen 7.15 Pilze der Großseggenwiesen und Röhrichte 8. -
Mykologicke Lis Ty 80
., MYKOLOGICKE LIS TY 80 Casopis Ceske vedecke spolecnosti pro mykologii Praha 2002 ISSN 1213-5887 OBSAH Čížek K.: Vatičkovité houby České republiky a Slovenska X. Pseudotomentella hu- micola – vatovka přezkatá ................................................................................. 1 Hagara L.: Hypochnella violacea - vzácna huba našich luhov ........................................ 4 Tondl F.: Lošáček statný (Phellodon confluens) skutečně roste na hrázi rybníka Na- děje na Třeboňsku ............................................................................................. 6 Bieberová Z.: Druhý příspěvek k poznání mykoflóry chráněných území – NPR Vě- trníky, k. ú. Letonice .......................................................................................... 7 Záhorovská E. a Lisická E.: Lamproderma arcyrioides (Myxomycota, Stemonitida- ceae) fruktifikujúca na lišajníkoch .................................................................... 12 Janitor A.: Ing Cyprián Paulech CSc. už nie je medzi nami ......................................... 14 Kotlaba F. a Pouzar Z.: Odešel doc. ing. Antonín Příhoda .......................................... 15 Recenze (J. Holec) ........................................................................................................ 18 Novinky z knihovny ČVSM (A. Kubátová) ................................................................. 19 Různé (J. Holec) ........................................................................................................... 21 Zprávy o akcích ........................................................................................................... -
Ingleborough NNR
Ingleborough NNR Waxcap Grassland Survey January 2018 Ref: NEFU2017-243 Author: A.McLay Checked: Dr A.Jukes Natural England Field Unit CONTENTS Background 3 Introduction 3 Survey methodology 4 Survey results 4 Site evaluation 15 Recommendations 21 References 22 Appendices - Appendix 1. Location of units 23 - Appendix 2. List of non-CHEGD spp. 25 - Appendix 3. Grid locations for species 26 Appendix 4. Additional photographs 27 2 Introduction The term “waxcap grassland” was coined relatively recently to describe semi-natural grassland habitats containing distinctive assemblages of fungi, including waxcaps. Waxcaps are a group of fungi characterised by having thick waxy brittle gills, often bright colours and a preference for growing in unfertilised pastures or lawns. A waxcap grassland also frequently contains representatives of several other key grassland fungi groups, of which the fairy clubs (Clavariaceae family), earthtongues (Geoglossaceae) and pinkgills belonging to the genus Entoloma are the most prominent. Collectively these groups are often referred to as the CHEGD fungi, an acronymn derived from their initials. Additional grassland fungi representatives from the genera Dermoloma, Porpoloma and Camarophyllopsis are also included as honorary CHEGD fungi. The common factor linking these fungi groups is their requirement for nutrient-poor soil types, i.e. agriculturally unimproved grasslands. Such grasslands have usually received little or no input from modern agricultural nitrogen-based fertilisers and frequently support a semi-natural sward with fine-leaved grass species such as Festuca ovina, Agrostis capillaris and Anthoxanthum odoratum. A well-developed moss layer is almost always present and usually contains the widespread grassland moss species Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. Waxcap grasslands usually have a well-grazed sward that is maintained by regular livestock browsing or frequent mowing. -
Else ESB-BODDY Ch001 1..18
1 3 Section 1: 5 Basidiomycete Life-Style 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 1 3 CHAPTER 1 5 7 Mycelial Networks: Structure and 9 Dynamics 11 Mark Fricker, Dan Bebber and Lynne Boddy 13 Contents 1. Introduction 4 15 2. Mycelia within Organic Substrata 4 3. Mycelia Foraging between Relatively Homogeneously Distributed 17 Resources 5 4. Mycelia Foraging between Resources Distributed Heterogeneously 19 in Space and Time 7 4.1 Search and Response Behaviour 7 21 4.2 Persistent Mycelial Networks: ‘Sit and Wait’ Strategy 9 5. Analysis of Network Architecture and Function 11 5.1 Quantifying Network Characteristics 12 23 5.2 Modelling Transport 13 5.3 Modelling Resilience 14 25 5.4 Changes in Network Architecture over Time 14 5.5 Future Research Direction 15 27 Acknowledgements 15 References 15 29 31 Abstract For continuing survival saprotrophic fungi must be able to capture organic resources discontinuously dispersed in space and time. Some Basidiomycota 33 can only achieve this by production of sexual and asexual spores or sclerotia — categorized as ‘resource-unit-restricted’, whereas ‘non-resource-unit- 35 restricted’ Basidiomycota can also spread between organic resources as mycelium. Mycelial distribution and foraging within organic resources and among relatively homogeneously and heterogeneously distributed resources 37 is reviewed. ‘Non-resource-unit-restricted’ Basidiomycota have evolved different patterns of mycelial spread appropriate to discovery of resources 39 of different sizes and distributions. -
Collecting and Recording Fungi
British Mycological Society Recording Network Guidance Notes COLLECTING AND RECORDING FUNGI A revision of the Guide to Recording Fungi previously issued (1994) in the BMS Guides for the Amateur Mycologist series. Edited by Richard Iliffe June 2004 (updated August 2006) © British Mycological Society 2006 Table of contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 Recording 4 Collecting fungi 4 Access to foray sites and the country code 5 Spore prints 6 Field books 7 Index cards 7 Computers 8 Foray Record Sheets 9 Literature for the identification of fungi 9 Help with identification 9 Drying specimens for a herbarium 10 Taxonomy and nomenclature 12 Recent changes in plant taxonomy 12 Recent changes in fungal taxonomy 13 Orders of fungi 14 Nomenclature 15 Synonymy 16 Morph 16 The spore stages of rust fungi 17 A brief history of fungus recording 19 The BMS Fungal Records Database (BMSFRD) 20 Field definitions 20 Entering records in BMSFRD format 22 Locality 22 Associated organism, substrate and ecosystem 22 Ecosystem descriptors 23 Recommended terms for the substrate field 23 Fungi on dung 24 Examples of database field entries 24 Doubtful identifications 25 MycoRec 25 Recording using other programs 25 Manuscript or typescript records 26 Sending records electronically 26 Saving and back-up 27 Viruses 28 Making data available - Intellectual property rights 28 APPENDICES 1 Other relevant publications 30 2 BMS foray record sheet 31 3 NCC ecosystem codes 32 4 Table of orders of fungi 34 5 Herbaria in UK and Europe 35 6 Help with identification 36 7 Useful contacts 39 8 List of Fungus Recording Groups 40 9 BMS Keys – list of contents 42 10 The BMS website 43 11 Copyright licence form 45 12 Guidelines for field mycologists: the practical interpretation of Section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 46 1 Foreword In June 2000 the British Mycological Society Recording Network (BMSRN), as it is now known, held its Annual Group Leaders’ Meeting at Littledean, Gloucestershire. -
Species Diversity of the Genus Psilocybe (Basidio- Mycotina, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) in the World Mycobiota, with Special At
International]ournal ofi11edicinal J11ushrooms, Vol. 7, pp. 305-331 (2005) Species Diversity of the Genus Psilocybe (Basidio mycotina, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) in the World Mycobiota, with Special Attention to Hallucinogenic Properties Gastón Guzmán In~tituto de Ecología, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico; [email protected] This article is dedícated to the outstanding mycologist, colleague, andfriend, Professor Shu-Ting Chang ABSTRACT: An exhaustive world revision of ali names considered in the genus Psilocybe s.l. is pre sented, of which the haliucinogenic species were treated with special emphasis. Seven hundred eighteen names related to Psilocybe were found reportcd in the bibliography, of which only 227 are accepted taxa in P;ilqcybe. The concept of the genu~ foUowed here is that of Guzmán 1983; th ~i:~fore Hypholo"!:ª' lVlelanótus, and Stropharza were excluded: Moreover, 53 spec1es of Psathyrella, m8.ny times related w1th Psilocybe, were also e..'Ccluded. The hallucinogenic species are 144, which are oistübuted m ali the coriti nents, of which Latín America (iiiduding the Caribbae), has the top, with more than 50 species. There are only 22 species in Canada and the US, while Mexico is the country with the higest number iri t he world, with 53 species. Europe has only 16 species, Asia 15, Africa 4, and Australia·and eastern islands 19. Sorne Psilocybe·species are common iii several countries or regions, as are P cubensis and P subcuben sis in ali the tropics; P coprophila in many temperate and tropical regions; P. argentina in several high ___ _111ountains or in tl:ie Austral anci .B_on;al_ regiQn§; anq fjin1etcy:ja and P semi/aneeata in Et!JOp_e, Carni,da, ----~~ -~--- e - . -
January 2016
MushRumors The Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 26, Issue 6 December 2015 - January 2016 2015 Fall Mushroom Season Ends on a High Note Fall 2015: After a Slow Start, Filled with Surprises By Jack Waytz It took a while for the mushrooms to get started after fully three months of unprecedented hot, dry conditions in northwest Washington, but the season ended with a healthy proliferation of species throughout our area, as evidenced by the number of species represented at the Northwest Mushroomers Association Fall Wild Mushroom Show in mid-October. Things only improved from there, as the rains came with volume and frequency, providing for a satisfying variety of mushrooms Photo by Jack Waytz both rare and common in our area. The season extended well into December, as Dick Morrison reported having fresh chanterelles for Christmas dinner! There was an interesting mix of late and early season mushrooms ocurring simultaneously. A plethora of Russulas, normally appearing at the beginning of the fall season, could be observed sharing habitat with a very robust fruiting of Cratererellus tubaeiformis, the winter, or yellowfoot, Photo by Jack Waytz chanterelle. After a paltry showing at the height of Boletus edulis var. grandedulis the season, king boletes were found in considerable number in urban settings throughout the area. Cauliflower mushrooms were being turned up into December, even past the first frost, to include one 6 pounder that was nearly completely frozen, but still in very fresh shape! This is far later than I have ever observed this mushroom. If the unusually long stretch of dry weather at the zenith if the summer had a negative effect on the mycological features of the area, and it certainly seemed to have, it was on the density of mycorrhizal species in our forests. -
MYCOLOGIST NEWS 1St Edition March 2018
MYCOLOGIST NEWS 1st Edition March 2018 Newsletter Contents Special issue and 1. UKFD 2017 reports 2017 Introduction 2. Fungi Photo Corner 3. Reports on UKFD Dear Members, 2017 activities It gives me great pleasure to write a few words of Thanks in advance of our celebration of the fantastic efforts by 4. Field Meetings and so many in making UK Fungus Day 2017 and resounding Workshops success. Reading through your reports and feedback 5. Membership renewal forms, we can see that yet again you have encouraged 2018 more public involvement than ever with the bonus of increasing group and society membership. The BMS’s UK 6. Contact details Fungus Day 2017 (UKFD17) kick started this year’s Royal Society of Biology’s ‘Biology week’ activities for the fifth year running with over 65 events nationwide over the th weekend of 7-8 October 2017. Activities included fungus BMS Autumn Open walks, academic talks, school’s competitions, artistic Meeting and Annual workshops and large scale public engagement events. We were able to support academic outreach in schools and a General Meeting social enterprise project run by a school in Manchester, th teaching year 4 children about the recycling capability of 17 November 2018 the oyster mushroom by recycling spent coffee grounds from local coffee shops. The FEO worked alongside our Lady Lisa Sainsbury Lecture BMS recording group network to produce a set of genus Theatre, Jodrell Laboratories information sheets for use at UK Fungus Day outreach Royal Botanic Gardens events and local forays which were made available to Kew download from the UK Fungus Day website and were welcomed by the field mycology community.