Ray E. Boomhower. Jacob Piatt Dunn, Jr.: A Life in History and Politics, 1855-1924. : Historical Society Press, 1997. xxvi + 174 pp. $24.95, cloth, ISBN 978-0-87195-119-9.

Reviewed by Charles W. Calhoun

Published on H-SHGAPE (May, 1999)

This book represents an apt match between nalist and an amateur historian. He spent his late author and publisher, for its subject will engage twenties in the new state of , where he the attention primarily of non-academic readers wrote for a number of newspapers and where he interested in Indiana history. A goodly portion of began his lifelong study of Native American histo‐ the Indiana Historical Society's members will no ry. The result of his early research was a sympa‐ doubt be grateful for the Society's publication of thetic treatment of the Indians in Massacres of this work, which likely could not have become the Mountains: A History of the Indian Wars of available to them in any other way. As Ray the Far West, 1815-1875 (1886). Dunn argued Boomhower makes clear, Jacob Piatt Dunn's im‐ against the government's concentration of the In‐ pact or signifcance rarely extended beyond the dians on reservations but did so mainly on the borders of the state. In Indiana historiog‐ grounds that the policy hindered their being "civi‐ raphy, Dunn stands as a signifcant fgure, who lized" (p. 14). produced several works that still retain some use‐ Massacres of the Mountains gained national fulness. In politics, on the other hand, he was at attention and successfully launched Dunn's career best medium potatoes. He held a few appointive as an amateur historian. Over the next two positions and once made a losing race for Con‐ decades he produced a half dozen books on Indi‐ gress. Mostly, however, he had to content himself ana history, most notably Indiana: A Redemption with whispering in the ear of the powerful and from Slavery (1888), Greater Indianapolis (1910), with purveying Democratic party doctrine to the and the fve-volume Indiana and Indianans public. (1919). Although he wrote primarily for popular Rather than a full-fedged biography, audiences, Dunn grounded his narratives in care‐ Boomhower's book comprises a series of chapters ful research. The latter two works, says that recount certain aspects of Dunn's career. Al‐ Boomhower, were "both marked by a refreshing though he was trained in the law and engaged in lack of boosterism on the writer's part and a dedi‐ practice, his frst love was writing, both as a jour‐ cated efort to document his sources through foot‐ H-Net Reviews notes" (p. 19). The availability of those sources ed largely to the tarif question drew national at‐ was due in large measure to Dunn's early eforts tention to Indianapolis, and Dunn's Sentinel coun‐ to ensure their preservation by the Indiana His‐ tered with low-tarif editorials. Indeed, as a writer torical Society and the Indiana State Library. In for the Democratic State Central Committee's liter‐ 1886, he participated in a revitalization of the ary bureau, Dunn published a ninety-fve-page nearly moribund Society, thereby launching that low-tarif campaign pamphlet entitled Seven Per‐ institution on a career of collection, preservation, cent Of: What the Democratic Party Demands and publication that took it to the frst rank of from the Protection Monopolists. About this state historical agencies. As state librarian from Boomhower says nothing. 1889 to 1893, Dunn labored to modernize the state Boomhower next chronicles Dunn's some‐ library as well. As a member of the Indiana Public what tangential eforts in behalf of a new charter Library Commission, he sponsored a program to for Indianapolis. Adopted in 1891 and following increase support for the state's township libraries. the trend of municipal reform generally, this doc‐ Boomhower devotes half of his six chapters to ument greatly strengthened the ofce of mayor at three episodes in Indiana politics in which Dunn the expense of the city council. Under its terms played a role. Although these chapters form the the mayor would have a cabinet of six depart‐ heart of the book, they are in fact the least suc‐ ment heads and he could appoint other ofcers cessful. The author tries to cast Dunn in the role without council approval. Boomhower again hails of a Progressive reformer, but he comes across Dunn as a reformer for his work in behalf of the more as a vehement Democratic partisan. With a new charter, but when Dunn himself received a smug sense of the political and social entitlements city appointment two decades later, his sense of owed to people of his race and class, Dunn exhib‐ the res publica seemed to have taken a new turn. ited little true sympathy for those outside that As city controller, Dunn deposited contractors' charmed realm. guaranty bonds into accounts whose interest he Boomhower's treatment of the election of pocketed for his own use. When the practice came 1888 is distinctly old-fashioned, more in keeping to light, Mayor Joseph Bell ordered Dunn to stop with Matthew Josephson's Politicos than the work it. Six months later Bell fred Dunn and several of modern historians. The author focuses almost others in the controller's ofce for mismanage‐ exclusively on allegations of vote-buying, the Dud‐ ment. Boomhower asserts that "[i]n this matter ley letter from the Republican national treasurer Dunn had allowed his party spirit to overcome his instructing party workers to organize the zeal for reform" (p. 72), but that exculpatory judg‐ "foaters," and Dunn's post-election eforts in fa‐ ment seems wide of the mark. vor of the Australian ballot. As editor of the Indi‐ The last major reform efort Boomhower ex‐ anapolis Sentinel, the state's Democratic organ, amines is Dunn's behind-the-scenes work for a Dunn helped expose the Dudley letter and pushed new state constitution proposed by Governor for the secret-ballot reform, not only for its intrin‐ Thomas R. Marshall in 1911. The document in‐ sic merit but also because he thought it would cluded several progressive features including the hurt the Republicans, who he believed had more initiative, referendum, and recall; a line-item veto money to buy votes. Missing from Boomhower's for the governor; and expanded power for the leg‐ account, however, is any sense of the important islature to enact such legislation as workmen's issues at stake in the 1888 election, issues upon compensation. But for Dunn, as Boomhower ad‐ which modern scholars center their attention. mits, "the chief purpose of the new constitution Benjamin Harrison's front-porch campaign devot‐ was 'to secure honest elections'" (p. 84) through

2 H-Net Reviews restrictions on the franchise. The new document point, they provide one more argument for those would have eliminated voting by resident aliens historians who say we ought to scrap the term al‐ (who could vote under the old constitution), re‐ together. quired payment of a poll tax, and instituted a lit‐ Copyright (c) 1999 by H-Net, all rights re‐ eracy requirement for sufrage. Dunn's support served. This work may be copied for non-proft for the document was clearly driven by nativism educational use if proper credit is given to the au‐ and class and race prejudice. In a speech to the In‐ thor and the list. For other permission, please con‐ diana Democratic Club, he declared that sufrage tact [email protected]. had "'debased the negro, on the average, instead of elevating him.... It has made him insolent and quarrelsome instead of self-respecting.'" Hence, it was no injustice to take the vote from "the negro who remains illiterate, shiftless or criminal" (p. 97). Marshall and Dunn's constitution was not en‐ acted, but it contained enough progressive ele‐ ments to win Marshall a place on the national Democratic ticket with Woodrow Wilson. Dunn, however, failed in his attempt to parlay his associ‐ ation with Marshall into a diplomatic appoint‐ ment under the new administration. Dunn had, meanwhile, continued his Native American studies, focused particularly on the preservation of the Miami Indian language. For a time the U.S. Bureau of American Ethnology fund‐ ed his linguistic work, but he failed to fnd fnan‐ cial backers for his proposed Society for the Preservation of Indian Languages. Near the end of his life, he used his business and government con‐ nections to wangle support for a bizarre prospect‐ ing trip to Hispaniola in search of a fortune in manganese. He found no El Dorado, however, and spent much his time writing light-hearted pieces about the trip that exhibited his clever wit, mostly at the expense of the laughable "inferiors" he en‐ countered on his expedition. Boomhower attempts to portray the "seeming contradictions in Dunn's character"--his racism and elitism playing against his reform impulses and his concern for Indian culture--as "a trait shared by other Progressives of the day" (p. xxv). At best, this non-explanation and Boomhower's book in general simply underscore the irreducibly protean nature of Progressivism. More to the

3 H-Net Reviews

If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the network, at https://networks.h-net.org/h-shgape

Citation: Charles W. Calhoun. Review of Boomhower, Ray E. Jacob Piatt Dunn, Jr.: A Life in History and Politics, 1855-1924. H-SHGAPE, H-Net Reviews. May, 1999.

URL: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=3079

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

4