Metaphorizing Dialogue to Enact a Flow Culture Transcending Divisiveness by Systematic Embodiment of Metaphor in Discourse -- /
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Examining Police Militarization
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2021 Citizens, Suspects, and Enemies: Examining Police Militarization Milton C. Regan Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/2346 https://ssrn.com/abstract=3772930 Texas National Security Review, Winter 2020/2021. This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Law and Race Commons, Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, and the National Security Law Commons Citizens, Suspects, and Enemies: Examining Police Militarization Mitt Regan Abstract Concern about the increasing militarization of police has grown in recent years. Much of this concern focuses on the material aspects of militarization: the greater use of military equipment and tactics by police officers. While this development deserves attention, a subtler form of militarization operates on the cultural level. Here, police adopt an adversarial stance toward minority communities, whose members are regarded as presumptive objects of suspicion. The combination of material and cultural militarization in turn has a potential symbolic dimension. It can communicate that members of minority communities are threats to society, just as military enemies are threats to the United States. This conception of racial and ethnic minorities treats them as outside the social contract rather than as fellow citizens. It also conceives of the role of police and the military as comparable, thus blurring in a disturbing way the distinction between law enforcement and national security operations. -
“TELLING the STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: a Regional Perspective (2011-2016)
“TELLING THE STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective (2011-2016) Emma Hooper (ed.) This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. © 2016 CIDOB This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. CIDOB edicions Elisabets, 12 08001 Barcelona Tel.: 933 026 495 www.cidob.org [email protected] D.L.: B 17561 - 2016 Barcelona, September 2016 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 5 FOREWORD 11 Tine Mørch Smith INTRODUCTION 13 Emma Hooper CHAPTER ONE: MAPPING THE SOURCES OF TENSION WITH REGIONAL DIMENSIONS 17 Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective .......... 19 Zahid Hussain Mapping the Sources of Tension and the Interests of Regional Powers in Afghanistan and Pakistan ............................................................................................. 35 Emma Hooper & Juan Garrigues CHAPTER TWO: KEY PHENOMENA: THE TALIBAN, REFUGEES , & THE BRAIN DRAIN, GOVERNANCE 57 THE TALIBAN Preamble: Third Party Roles and Insurgencies in South Asia ............................... 61 Moeed Yusuf The Pakistan Taliban Movement: An Appraisal ......................................................... 65 Michael Semple The Taliban Movement in Afghanistan ....................................................................... -
Analysis of Planetary and Solar-Induced Perturbations on Trans-Martian Trajectory of Mars Missions Before and After Mars Orbit Insertion
Analysis of planetary and solar-induced perturbations on trans-Martian trajectory of Mars missions before and after Mars orbit insertion V U J Nwankwo1 and S K Chakrabarti1,2* 1S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 098, West Bengal, India 2Indian Center for Space Physics, Kolkata 700 084, West Bengal, India Abstract: Interplanetary missions are susceptible to gravitational and nongravitational perturbing forces at every tra- jectory phase, assuming, of course, that the man made rockets and thrusters work as expected. These forces are mainly due to planetary and solar-forcing-induced perturbations during geocentric, heliocentric and Martian trajectories, and before orbit insertion. In this study, we review and/or analyze Mars orbiters mission associated perturbing forces and their possible impacts before Mars Orbit Insertion viz Earth’s oblateness, Third body (solar and lunar), solar radiation pressure, solar energetic radiation environment and atmospheric drag forces. We also model the significance of atmospheric drag force on Mangalyaan Mars orbiter mission, as a function of appropriate space environmental parameters during its 28 days in Earth’s orbit (around and during perigee passage), 300 days of heliocentric and 100 days of Martian trajectory. We have found that for a total perigee height boost of about 250 km, the cumulative orbit decay can be approximately 720 m. The approximate altitude variation could be up to 158 m with respect to the sun during 300 days of interplanetary journey toward Mars. After Mars orbit insertion, the total decay experienced by the spacecraft could be up to 701 m with decay rate of up to 9 m/day during 100 days of Martian trajectory, based on Mars–Earth atmosphere density ratio. -
Afghan Presidential Election: Potential Candidates and Powerbrokers
Afghan Presidential Election: Open Source Center As of March Potential Candidates and Powerbrokers15, 2009 Presidential Election Scheduled for 20 August Article 61 of Afghanistan's Constitution1 states that the presidential election should be held "thirty to sixty days prior to the expiration of the current president's term," which ends on 22 May. However, Afghanistan's Independent Powerbrokers Election Commission on 4 March announced that it would push back the date of the election to 20 August in order A number of prominent Afghan figures appear to be powerbrokers in Afghanistan's political scene. to address funding, security, and weather challenges to organizing a nationwide free and fair election (iec.org.af). Many of these men acquired their influence as Jihadi leaders with authority and arms, which they Afghan media have highlighted potential candidates and powerbrokers who may be influential in the election. parlayed into backing from religious, ethnic, regional, or party coalitions that continue to support them. They could prove influential in this year's elections by supporting and mobilizing their political, religious, tribal, regional, and ethnolinguistic constituencies to support preferred Potential Candidates for 2009 candidates. Abdullah Abdullah, Afghanistan's minister of foreign affairs from 2001 to 2006, is running as the candidate for the National Front. In a 2 February interview with Jawedan.com, he supported the presence of international forces to improve the security situation in the country. Regarding the Taliban, he said that the door for negotiation should be "kept open to anyone willing to lay down their arms and join the peace process, except for Mullah Omar and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar," whom he claimed were "pushing Afghanistan to war and destruction." Once a special adviser and chief Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal is the current chairman of the Islamic Party of Afghanistan, formed in 2008 by . -
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Hall Thruster Miniaturization by Noah Zachary Warner
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Hall Thruster Miniaturization by Noah Zachary Warner S.B., Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001 S.M., Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 2007 © 2007 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Signature of Author . Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics May 25, 2007 Certified by . Manuel Martínez-Sánchez Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor Certified by . Jack Kerrebrock Professor Emeritus of Aeronautics and Astronautics Certified by . Oleg Batishchev Principal Research Scientist in Aeronautics and Astronautics Certified by . Vladimir Hruby President, Busek Company, Inc. Accepted by . Jaime Peraire Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Chair, Committee on Graduate Students 2 Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Hall Thruster Miniaturization by Noah Zachary Warner Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on May 25, 2007 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Aeronautics and Astronautics in the field of Space Propulsion ABSTRACT Interest in small-scale space propulsion continues to grow with the increasing number of small satellite missions, particularly in the area of formation flight. Miniaturized Hall thrusters have been identified as a candidate for lightweight, high specific impulse propul- sion systems that can extend mission lifetime and payload capability. A set of scaling laws was developed that allows the dimensions and operating parameters of a miniaturized Hall thruster to be determined from an existing, technologically mature baseline design. -
Earth to Mars Areostationary Mission Optimization Analysis
Earth to Mars areostationary mission optimization analysis M. M. Sánchez-García, G. Barderas and P. Romero Instituto de Matemática Interdisciplinar. U. D. Astronomía y Geodesia, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) Abstract Mars has become one of the priorities in the planetary exploration programs. The analysis of space mission costs has become a key factor in mission planning. The determination of optimal trajectories aiming to lower costs in terms of impulses allows for more massive payloads to be transported at a minimum energy cost. Areostationary satellites are considered the most efficient and robust candidates to satisfy the control needs of the missions to Mars. Mars Areostationary Relay Satellites providing continuous coverage of a specific region of Mars are being considered for a near future. In this work, we analyze the optimization of an areostationary mission. We first determine the launch and arrival dates for an optimal minimum energy Earth-Mars transfer trajectory. Then, the minimum thrust maneuvers to capture the spacecraft from the hyperbolic arrival trajectory to Mars and place it in the areostationary orbit are analyzed. XIV.0 Reunión Científica 13-15 julio 2020 Context of the research: Previous studies The number of missions to Mars has increased over the last years, particularly robotic missions which need to be tele- commanded from the Earth. The need to control the different missions in Mars in almost real time with a relay system that provides continuous coverage of a specific region has been proposed by several authors such as Edwards et al. -
On the Front Line? Metaphors of War and Violence in Academic Libraries
On the Front Line? Metaphors of War and Violence in Academic Libraries Melanie Boyd University of Calgary Ozouf Senamin Amedegnato University of Calgary ABSTRACT Is there room for war metaphor in academic libraries? Is there a good, or justifiable, reason for its use? In this paper, we argue the answer to these questions is no. The paper will discuss the nature of metaphor in general, the effects of its use, and why those effects matter. Grounded in this discussion, it will consider and analyze the use of war metaphor, specifically in the academic library world. Finally, it will offer suggestions for how, through individual and collective effort, the metaphor of war might be purged from the academic library lexicon. Keywords: academic libraries · language · violence · war metaphor RÉSUMÉ La métaphore guerrière a-t-elle une place dans les bibliothèques universitaires? A-t-on une bonne raison d’y recourir? Cette contribution répond aux deux questions par la négative. Le texte définira dans un premier temps la métaphore et exposera son fonctionnement ainsi que ses manifestations. Suivra ensuite une analyse de l’usage de la métaphore guerrière dans le contexte précis des bibliothèques universitaires. Enfin, les auteurs expliqueront comment, à travers un effort individuel et collectif, les interactions bibliothécaires peuvent être expurgées de leurs contenus belliqueux. Mots-clés : bibliothèques universitaires · langage · métaphore guerrière · violence A dozen academic librarians sit round a table discussing how to trim the budget, for which the outlook is dire. Some librarians offer suggestions; others challenge them in return. After an hour, without consensus reached, the chairperson says: At some point we’ll just have to pull the trigger. -
'.';King Navigation
1980012912 -' JPL PUBLICATION 78-38 '.';king Navigation W. J. O'Neil, R. P. Rudd, D. L. Farless, C. E. Hildebrand, R. T. Mitchell, K. H. Rourke, et al. Jet Propulsion Laboratory E. A. Euler Martin Marietta Aerospace (N,%SA-C[_-l_,2517) VIklt_G ._AVIGA'IION (Jet t, u0-213_-_ : Pcopulsio[, L,_c.) 322 p _lC Alq/MF A01 _:d[,U CSCL Z2.t; hd0-_|4dj •_ [J_;c ]. a_ GJ/15 l,t7 5 'JJ ± November 15, 1979 _',r:.'> ;Y/l&_',,/I_cC7.'/',_/, : < X* ",t ,'" t National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California # 1980012912-002 JPL PUBLICATION 78-38 Viking Navigation W. J. O'Neil, R. P. Rudd, D. L. Farless, C. E. Hildebrand, R. T. Mitchell, K. H. Rourke, et al. Jet Propulsion Laboratory E. A. Euler Martin Marietta Aerospace November 15, 1979 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory : California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 1980012912-003 The research descnbed bnth_s pubhcat_onwas camed out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cahforn_aInstitute of Technology, under NASA Contract No NAS7-100 i 1980012912-004 Abstract NASA soft-landed two Viking spacecraft on Mars in the summer t,f 1976. These were the free world's first landings on another planet. This report provides a final, comprehensive description of the navigation of the Viking spacecraft throughout their flight from Earth launch to Mars landing. The flight path design, actual int]lght control, and postflight reconstruction ale discussed in detail. The report Is comprised of an introductory chapter followed by five Olapters which essenually correspond to the organization of the Viking navigation operations, namely, Trajectory Descriptton, Interplanetary Orbit Determination, Satellite Orbit Determination, ._haneuver Analysis, and Lander Flight Path Analysis. -
Afghanistan Assessment
AFGHANISTAN COUNTRY REPORT April 2005 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Afghanistan April 2005 CONTENTS 1 Scope Of Document 1.1 - 1.12 2 Geography General 2.1 – 2.2 Languages/Main ethnic groups/Religions 2.3 - 2.5 3.Economy 3.1 - 3.8 4 History Overview to December 2001 4.1 Post Taliban 4.2 – 4.13 January 2004 – December 2004 4.14 – 4.59 January 2005 onwards 4.60 – 4.66 5.State Structures The Constitution 5.1 - 5.8 The Constitutional Loya Jirga 5.9 – 5.13 Citizenship and Nationality 5.14 – 5.16 Political System Overview 5.17 – 5.26 Elections: - General 5.27 – 5.29 - Presidential Election 5.30 – 5.40 - Presidential Election Results 5.41 – 5.42 - Lead up to Parliamentary Elections 5.43 – 5.47 Political Situation in Herat 5.48 – 5.50 Judiciary 5.51 – 5.64 Land Court 5.65 – 5.66 Legal Rights/Detention 5.67 - 5.83 Death Penalty 5.84 - 5.86 Internal Security Developments following 11 September 2001 5.87 - 5.90 Security Sector Reform (SSR) 5.91 - 5.94 General security situation 5.95 – 5.112 Security situation in different regions: - Kabul 5.113 – 5.116 - Central 5.117 - South and Southeast 5.118 - 5.122 - North 5.123 – 5.124 Internal Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Provincial Reconstruction 5.125 – 5.150 Teams (PRTs) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (DDR) 5.151 – 5.166 National Security Directorate (Amniat) 5.167 – 5.170 Army 5.171 – 5.174 Police 5.175 – 5.184 Prisons and Prison Conditions 5.185 - 5.208 Military Service 5.209 - 5.212 Medical Services -
Downloaded for Personal Non‐Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge
Hakimi, Aziz Ahmed (2015) Fighting for patronage: American counterinsurgency and the Afghan local police. PhD thesis. SOAS, University of London. Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Fighting for Patronage: American counterinsurgency and the Afghan Local Police AZIZ AHMED HAKIMI Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Development Studies School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 2015 1 Abstract This thesis examines the emergence and evolution of the Afghan Local Police (ALP), a pro-government militia supported by the US military as an entry point for exploring the fluid security and political terrain of post-2001 Afghanistan. The study reveals how the ALP emerged as a compromise between the US ambition to scale up the use of local militias and the Afghan president’s attempts to control the local armed groups and the flow of patronage that the US support to these groups represented. -
Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance
Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs November 8, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21922 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance Summary The limited capacity and widespread corruption of all levels of Afghan governance are factors in debate over the effectiveness of U.S. policy in Afghanistan and in implementing a transition to Afghan security leadership by the end of 2014. The capacity of the formal Afghan governing structure has increased significantly since the Taliban regime fell in late 2001, but many positions, particularly at the local level, are unfilled. Widespread illiteracy limits expansion of a competent bureaucracy. A dispute over the results of the 2010 parliamentary elections paralyzed governance for nearly a year and was resolved in September 2011 with the unseating on the grounds of fraud of nine winners of the elected lower house of parliament. Karzai also has tried, through direct denials, to quell assertions by his critics that he wants to stay in office beyond the 2014 expiration of his second term, the limits under the constitution. While trying, with mixed success, to build the formal governing structure, Afghan President Hamid Karzai also works through an informal power structure centered around his close ethnic Pashtun allies as well as other ethnic and political faction leaders. Some faction leaders oppose Karzai on the grounds that he is too willing to make concessions to insurgent leaders in search of a settlement—a criticism that grew following the September 20 assassination of the most senior Tajik leader, former President Burhanuddin Rabbani. -
Chiraq: One Person's Metaphor Is Another's Reality
Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE January 2015 Chiraq: One person's metaphor is another's reality Jacoby Cochran Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cochran, Jacoby, "Chiraq: One person's metaphor is another's reality" (2015). Dissertations - ALL. 356. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/356 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT This Master’s Thesis explores the deployment and appropriation of the war metaphor as it relates to criminal justice policy in the United States from 1930 forward, paying close attention to the 1980s and 2010s. More specifically, this thesis centers on the city of Chicago to analyze the use of the war metaphor throughout the city’s history, from earlier invocations by Mayors to present- day, local appropriations in the form of the metaphor Chiraq, which blends Chicago and Iraq as a statement to the conditions of some of Chicago’s most resource deprived neighborhoods. Using Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory I will outline how the war metaphor has been studied in rhetoric and utilized in Presidential, Mayoral, and media discourses in chapter one. In chapter two, I will turn my attention to fragments organized around the metaphorical term Chiraq and apply CMT to highlight how the war metaphor has become a central component of daily language in Chicago’s most volatile neighborhoods.