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Case of Mkomazi National Park The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Natural Sciences Master Dissertations 2015 Contribution of Support for Community Initiated Project (SCIP) on communities livelihood: case of Mkomazi National Park Dengera, Johnson Fanuel The University of Dodoma Dengera, J. F. (2015). Contribution of Support for Community Initiated Project (SCIP) on communities livelihood: case of Mkomazi National Park. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/607 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. CONTRIBUTION OF SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY INITIATED PROJECT (SCIP) ON COMMUNITIES LIVELIHOOD: CASE OF MKOMAZI NATIONAL PARK By Johnson Fanuel Dengera A Research submitted in partial fulfillments of the Requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Natural Resource Management of the University of Dodoma University of Dodoma October, 2015 CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that, he has read and hereby recommends for an acceptance by the University of Dodoma, a dissertation entitled: “Contribution of Support for Community Initiated Project (SCIP) on Communities Livelihood: A Case of Mkomazi National Park” in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences in Natural Resource Management of the University of Dodoma. …………………………………………… Prof. Abuid Kaswamila (SUPERVISOR) Date ………………………………… i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Johnson F. Dengera declare that, this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature ……………………………………… No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without a prior written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks goes to God, the creator of the heaven and earth for his care and mercy that he has shown to me since the beginning to the end of this work The successful completion of this dissertation as an academic work would not have been possible without the support, guidance and assistance of many individuals. Special thanks are extended to my supervisor Professor Abiud Kaswamila, who guided me at the every stage of this study, also for his Unwavering, intellectual, moral and other forms of support and understanding that he rendered throughout the course of this study. I would like sincerely to thank my lovely wife Cecilia J. Michael, for her sacrificing many hours of sleep and divert family resources, while giving me a support throughout this study. Furthermore, I wish to express to my thanks to our sons, Junior and Zabihu for their patience. My appreciations also are extended to my relatives Mr. & Mrs. Z.J.D. Mkitunda for their care, kindness and support; Without forgetting to thank my beloved brothers Mr. Zawadi Johnson, Salimu F. Dengera and Swedi F. Dengera and sisters Winniely Phanuely, Winniely Z. Mkitunda and Wediel Z. Mkitunda for their moral and material support. The father in heaven will bless you exceedingly. My thankfulness also owed to my research assistants, Mr. Elifariji E. Mashana and Mr. Mashaka Tumaini, who spent a number of hours collecting data. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge a special group of people, for their encouragement and inspiration; include amongst others, Sophia T. Lema, Erasto Mang’enya, Davis Mpotwa, Dickson Mrema, Emmanuel Guya and John Manguye. God in heaven will surely reward you for your openhanded, endurances and humanity in this regard. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my guardians Mr. & Mrs. Z.J. D. Mkitunda as well as to my beloved sons, Junior J. F Dengera and Zabihu J. F. Dengera on behalf of the late Fanuely Johnson Dengera and Ludia Z. Tachave for their contributions towards success of my studies. iv ABSTRACT The study to assess the contribution of support for community initiated project on Communities livelihood was conducted at Vumari and Kisiwani Barazani villages, in Same District. Case study research design was adapted. Data were collected by using household questionnaire surveys, Interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). A total of 127 respondents were involved in the study. Information obtained through households questionnaire, was analyzed by using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 16 (SPSS 16.0) and data from Group Focus Discussion and interviews, were analyzed thematically. Themes were categorized basing on their similarities and commonalities as they arised. The findings of this study revealed that, SCIP projects were known to local communities. Projects found in the area include school toilets, hostels and dispensary’s laboratories. Projects were within village’s needs. Challenges that encountered SCIP were SCIP contribution, inadequate staff, poor community participation and political interference. The solution to the challenges includes implementation of more projects, community participation, provision of good neighborliness education, transparency and implementation of projects within the time frame. SCIP projects had improved the livelihood of the communities’ adjacent to the Park through funding of hostels, schools’ toilets and laboratories for the ward dispensary. These projects have ensured local communities to an access better education and health services. The SCIP has achieved twin goals of livelihood and conservation of protected area. It is recommended that recruitments of more Outreach Warden encourage local people and other stakeholders to participant in all stages so as to encourage transparency and park officers especially OP should visit and conducting meetings with local communities adjacent to the park. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ..................................................................................................... i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT ................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... iii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. x LIST OF PLATES.................................................................................................... xi LIST OF APPENDICES......................................................................................... xii ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Background of the Problem .......................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................. 2 1.4 Research Objectives ..................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 General Objectives ....................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 Specific Objectives ....................................................................................... 4 1.5 Research Questions ...................................................................................... 5 1.6 Significance of the Study.............................................................................. 5 1.7 Organization of the Dissertation ................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................... 7 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Definition of key Terms and Concept .......................................................... 7 2.2.1 Protected Area .............................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Livelihood..................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 Outreach Programme (OP) ........................................................................ 10 2.3 Theoretical Literature Review .................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) Mode ....... 11 vi 2.4 Empirical Literature Review ...................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Outreach Program ....................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 Support for Community
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