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Chapter 6 Chemical Composition

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Chapter 6 Chemical Composition Chapter 6 Chemical Composition 0.110 g 1. 100 washers = 11.0 g (assuming 100 washers is exact) 1 washer 1 washer 100. g = 909 washers 0.110 g 1 cork 2. 500. g = 306.7 = 307 corks 1.63 g 1 stopper 500. g = 116 stoppers 4.31 g 1 cork 1 kg (1000 g) of corks contains (1000 g ) = 613.49 = 613 corks 1.63 g 4.31 g 613 stoppers would weigh (613 stoppers ) = 2644 g = 2640 g 1 stopper The ratio of the mass of a stopper to the mass of a cork is (4.31 g/1.63 g). So the mass of stoppers that contains the same number of stoppers as there are corks in 1000 g of corks is 4.31 g 1000 g = 2644 g = 2640 g 1.63 g 3. The atomic mass unit (amu) is a unit of mass defined by scientists to more simply describe relative masses on an atomic or molecular scale. One amu is equivalent to 1.66 10–24 g. 4. We use the average atomic mass of an element when performing calculations because the average mass takes into account the individual masses and relative abundance of all the isotopes of an element. 1.008 amu 5. a. 635 H atoms = 640. amu 1 H atom 183.9 amu b. 1.261 104 W atoms = 2.319 106 amu 1 W atom 39.10 amu c. 42 K atoms = 1642 amu 1 K atom 14.01 amu d. 7.213 1023 N atoms = 1.011 1025 amu 1 N atom 55.85 amu e. 891 Fe atoms = 4.976 104 amu 1 Fe atom World of Chemistry 37 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 38 Chapter 6 1 B atom 6. a. 10.81 amu = 1.000 atom = 1 B atom 10.81 amu 1 S atom b. 320.7 amu = 10 S atoms 32.07 amu 1 Au atom c. 19,691 amu = 100.00 Au atoms = 100 Au atoms 197.97 amu 1 Xe atom d. 19,695 amu = 150.0 Xe atoms = 150 Xe atoms 131.3 amu 1 Al atom e. 3588.3 amu = 133.0 Al atoms = 133 Al atoms 26.98 amu 1 S atom 7. 8274 amu = 258 S atoms 32.07 amu 32.07 amu 5.213 1024 S atoms = 1.672 1026 amu 1 S atom 8. 1.204 1024 9. Avogadro’s number (6.022 1023) 10. The ratio of the atomic mass of Ca to the atomic mass of Mg is (40.08 amu/24.31 amu), and the masses of calcium are given by 40.08 amu 12.16 g Mg = 20.05 g Ca 24.31 amu 40.08 amu 24.31 g Mg = 40.08 g Ca 24.31 amu 11. The ratio of the atomic mass of Co to the atomic mass of F is (58.93 amu/19.00 amu), and the mass of cobalt is given by 58.93 amu 57.0 g F = 177 g Co 19.00 amu 12. 1 mol O = 16.00 g O = 6.02 1023 O atoms 16.00 g O 1 O atom = 2.66 10–23 g O 6.022 x 1023 O atoms 16.00 g O 13. 0.50 mol O atoms = 8.0 g O 1 mol 1.008 g 4 mol H atoms = 4 g H 1 mol Half a mole of O atoms weighs more than 4 moles of H atoms. World of Chemistry Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Chemical Composition 39 1 mol Au 14. a. 26.2 g Au = 0.133 mol Au 197.0 g 1 mol Ca b. 41.5 g Ca = 1.04 mol Ca 40.08 g 1 g 1 mol Ba c. 335 mg Ba = 2.44 10–3 mol Ba 103 mg 137.3 g 1 mol Pd d. 1.42 10–3 g Pd = 1.33 10–5 mol Pd 106.4 g 1 g 1 mol Ni e. 3.05 10–5 g Ni = 5.20 10–13 mol Ni 106 g 58.70 g 453.59 g 1 mol Fe f. 1.00 lb Fe = 8.12 mol Fe 1 lb 55.85 g 1 mol C g. 12.01 g C = 1.000 mol C 12.01 g 55.85 g 15. a. 2.00 mol Fe = 112 g Fe 1 mol 58.70 g b. 0.521 mol Ni = 30.6 g Ni 1 mol 195.1 g c. 1.23 10–3 mol Pt = 0.240 g Pt 1 mol 207.2 g d. 72.5 mol Pb = 1.50 104 g Pb 1 mol 24.31 g e. 0.00102 mol Mg = 0.0248 g Mg 1 mol 26.98 g f. 4.87 103 mol Al = 1.31 105 g Al 1 mol 6.941 g g. 211.5 mol Li = 1468 g Li 1 mol 22.99 g h. 1.72 10–6 mol Na = 3.95 10–5 g Na 1 mol 6.022 x 1023 Co atoms 16. a. 0.00103 g Co = 1.05 1019 Co atoms 58.93 g Co 6.022 x 1023 Co atoms b. 0.00103 mol Co = 6.20 1020 Co atoms 1 mol World of Chemistry Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 40 Chapter 6 1 mol c. 2.75 g Co = 0.0467 mol Co 58.93 g Co 1 mol d. 5.99 1021 Co atoms = 0.00995 mol Co 6.022 x 1023 Co atoms 58.93 g Co e. 4.23 mol Co = 249 g Co 1 mol Co 6.022 x 1023 Co atoms f. 4.23 mol Co = 2.55 1024 Co atoms 1 mol Co 6.022 x 1023 Co atoms g. 4.23 g Co = 4.32 1022 Co atoms 58.93 g Co 17. molar mass 18. adding together (summing) 19. a. mass of 3 mol Na = 3 (22.99 g) = 68.97 g mass of 1 mol N = 1 (14.01 g) = 14.01 g molar mass of Na3N = 82.98 g b. mass of 1 mol C = 12.01 g = 12.01 g mass of 2 mol S = 2 (32.07 g) = 64.14 g molar mass of CS2 = 76.15 g c. mass of 1 mol N = 14.01 g = 14.01 g mass of 4 mol H = 4 (1.008 g) = 4.032 g mass of 1 mol Br = 79.90 g = 79.90 g molar mass of NH4Br = 97.942 g = 97.94 g d. mass of 2 mol C = 2 (12.01 g) = 24.02 g mass of 6 mol H = 6 (1.008 g) = 6.048 g mass of 1 mol O = 16.00 g = 16.00 g molar mass of C2H6O = 46.068 g = 46.07 g e. mass of 2 mol H = 2 (1.008 g) = 2.016 g mass of 1 mol S = 32.07 g = 32.07 g mass of 3 mol O = 3 (16.00 g) = 48.00 g molar mass of H2SO3 = 82.086 g = 82.09 g f. mass of 2 mol H = 2 (1.008 g) = 2.016 g mass of 1 mol S = 32.07 g = 32.07 g mass of 4 mol O = 4 (16.00 g) = 64.00 g molar mass of H2SO4 = 98.086 g = 98.09 g World of Chemistry Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Chemical Composition 41 20. a. mass of 1 mol Ba = 137.3 g = 137.3 g mass of 2 mol Cl = 2 (35.45 g) = 70.90 g mass of 8 mol O = 8 (16.00 g) = 128.0 g molar mass of Ba(ClO4)2 = 336.2 g b. mass of 1 mol Mg = 24.31 g = 24.31 g mass of 1 mol S = 32.07 g = 32.07 g mass of 4 mol O = 4 (16.00 g) = 64.00 g molar mass of MgSO4 = 120.38 g c. mass of 1 mol Pb = 207.2 g = 207.2 g mass of 2 mol Cl = 2 (35.45 g) = 79.90 g molar mass of PbCl2 = 278.1 g d. mass of 1 mol Cu = 63.55 g = 63.55 g mass of 2 mol N = 2 (14.01 g) = 28.02 g mass of 6 mol O = 6 (16.00 g) = 96.00 g molar mass of Cu(NO3)2 = 187.57 g e. mass of 1 mol Sn = 118.7 g = 118.7 g mass of 4 mol Cl = 4 (35.45 g) = 141.80 g molar mass of SnCl4 = 260.5 g f. mass of 6 mol C = 6 (12.01 g) = 72.06 g mass of 6 mol H = 6 (1.008 g) = 6.048 g mass of 1 mol O = 16.00 g = 16.00 g molar mass of C6H6O = 94.11 g 21. a. molar mass of SO3 = 80.07 g 1 g 1 mol 49.2 mg SO = 6.14 10–4 mol SO 3 1000 mg 80.07 g 3 b. molar mass of PbO2 = 239.2 g 1000 g 1 mol 7.44 x 104 kg PbO = 3.11 105 mol PbO 2 1 kg 239.2 g 2 c. molar mass of CHCl3 = 119.37 g 1 mol 59.1 g CHCl = 0.495 mol CHCl 3 119.37 g 3 d. molar mass of C2H3Cl3 = 133.39 g 1 g 1 mol –8 3.27 g C2H3Cl3 = 2.45 10 mol C2H3Cl3 106 g 133.39 g e.
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