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Abstract
Urban regeneration in Shrinking smart in small cities of small towns The present work aims to study the policies in different types of shrinking smart shrinking cities, based on comparative case studies from various small and Portugal large towns throughout Portugal. Abstract
The impacts of shrinkage for urban and regional development that are Introduction caused by population losses will be identified focusing on different fields.
The case of small The main objectives were: towns in Algarve • Identify the challenges caused by shrinkage for urban development; Thomas Panagopoulos The case of Portimão city • Develop a framework for understanding the challenges of development in different types of shrinking urban regions; Director of Master in Landscape Architecture The case of Olhão city • Understand the major strategies implemented by Portuguese central and local governments and identify their success UNIVERSITY OF ALGARVE ‐ PORTUGAL The case of Vila Real de Santo António city Some policies are analysed: promotion of marriage numbers, secondary students increase, Conclusion maintenance of health care services and creation of employment opportunities
Introduction
Urban In the second half of the twentieth century, a widespread industrial crisis, led to the regeneration in decline of urban industrial areas, and the number of industrial cities lessened. small towns shrinking smart Unable to compete in a global market, traditional industrial areas, became obsolete spaces, a “surplus” and stopped serving their production functions. The industrial revolution led to the re- Abstract structuring of urban centres, that suffered The former industrial landscape, now obsolete, needs redevelopment or expansion and many times to be de‐contaminated, these landscapes are called Brownfields. an exponential growth. Introduction The case of small Urban sprawl became a common towns in Algarve phenomena, unbalancing ecosystems and The case of Portimão creating the necessity to develop city strategies to control sprawl. The case of Olhão city Urban containment became the main The case of Vila Real sustainable strategy of some cities. de Santo António city
Urban sprawl became the main strategy of Conclusion some others.
Introduction
Urban regeneration in ` In last decades, the phenomenon of shrinking cities has small towns many examples in most developed countries. According to shrinking smart Wiechmann 54% of the European cities lost population in the period from 1996 to 2001. Abstract
Introduction
The case of small towns in Algarve
The case of Portimão city
The case of Olhão city
The case of Vila Real de Santo António city
Conclusion The term "shrinking" is often considered a death sentence for Small Towns
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Urban shrinkage in the United States 2000-2004 based on US Census data
Lisbon is in the 10 cities with the highest relative loss of more than 1.75% annually. Old industrialized cities (typical examples are Glasgow, St. Etienne, or Gelsenkirchen) has led to shrinking, in some ways similar to those in American metropolises like Detroit, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland.
Suburbanization, Deindustrialization, Demographic shrinkage (aging population), Post-fordist transformations (post socialist transformation). City cycle (Athens, Rome) Globalization
According to Van den Berg (1982) cities undergo through a cycle with different stages such as: urbanization, suburbanization, de- urbanization and re-urbanization, that belong to a natural process, related with the city history, but are also related with the city economic position within a global market (Sassen, 2001). Shrinking cities are also a product of globalization, with a global market, the number of industrial cities lessened due to a more competitive economy (Scott and Storper, 2003).
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› Local governments by offering › houses or other residential Intends to give residents a reason to advantages to young couples, try stay by guarantying jobs opportunities to attract new inhabitants to those municipalities › Cases in which employment in the municipalities increased without › This policy is not accompanied in containing the abandon of inhabitants most cases by other policies, namely policies that promote x Job opportunities are mainly in primary employment or avoid speculative and secondary sectors rent estate activity x A factor for the success of policies x In Lisb on and OtOporto cases, real promoting local employment is the property valuation forces capability of resilience of each households to search for houses in municipality for adapting from neighbouring municipalities, activities of primary and secondary despite of job opportunities sectors into tertiary sector activities x Boticas, Vinhais e Marvão that faced a reduction in the property › A policy that seems to retain economic value, did not generate activity in interior municipalities with less employment than 10 thousand inhabitants like x Almeida faces a change on Carrazeda de Ansiães, Oleiros, employment profile: industrial Almeida, Vila Velha de Rodão or employment is in decline, being Fronteira is the practice of exemption or the major number of jobs offered in the primary sector which is of a reduced rate on income tax often a seasonal activity, thus not generated by business activity called ensuring permanent residence “derrama”
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The case of small towns in Algarve, Portugal The case of Portimão city (adaptive reuse of community icons ) Algarve industry was mostly related with the rich fishing resources and th th Urban the food‐canning industry. After the entrance of Portugal to EU, with more Urban During the 19 and 20 regeneration in regeneration in centuries, Portimão sardine strict environmental laws and the exponential tourism development and small towns small towns canning industry flourished, and shrinking smart globalization processes, industrial activities declined, leaving industrial derelict shrinking smart its industrial landscape establish areas.InthisarticlewewillmentionthreecasestudiesofAlgarvetownswith a strong connection between the Abstract shrinking problems (Portimão, Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António) , and the Abstract fishing port, the city and the options taken relatively to their obsolete industrial patrimony. Arade river. Introduction Introduction In 1960s, the industry collapsed, leaving several industrial facilities to abandonment on Arade The case of small The case of small riverside, but now, this whole area was recovered. towns in Algarve towns in Algarve
The case of Portimão The case of Portimão city city
The case of Olhão city The case of Olhão city
The case of Vila Real The case of Vila Real de Santo António city de Santo António city
Conclusion Conclusion As part of the riverside recovery an old canning factory, Feu Factory, was turned into a municipal museum, which opened on May 17th 2008.
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The case of Portimão city The case of Olhão city: Historic Preservation (building recycling)
Urban Urban regeneration in To view the museum the regeneration in One of the canning small towns public can choose three different small towns industry factories in Olhão was shrinking smart paths, the first one called “the shrinking smart the Ramirez factory, located origin and destiny of a near the port area and Abstract community”, the second “the Abstract founded in 1936, that canned industrial life and the sea tuna in olive oil, sauces or challenge” and the third one called brine. Introduction “in deep water” is about Arade Introduction river and the ocean bottom. The case of small The case of small towns in Algarve towns in Algarve
The case of Portimão The case of Portimão As the canning industry city city in Olhão declined, this affected the Ramirez factory, As part of the second path, The case of Olhão city The case of Olhão city that was sold to another the museum maintains the canning company, from Vila factory structure, showing its The case of Vila Real The case of Vila Real Real de Santo António, José functions. de Santo António city de Santo António city António Rita, Lda. This factory was recently Conclusion Conclusion rehabilitated and transformed into municipal auditorium.
The case of Olhão city: Historic Preservation (building recycling) The case of Vila Real de Santo António city
Urban Urban regeneration in regeneration in Located by the national border small towns small towns and near the sea, on the nineteenth shrinking smart The building itself was not maintained, shrinking smart century most of Vila Real de Santo but as a respect for the place cultural António population depended on the heritage some cultural and architectural Abstract Abstract tuna and sardine fishing and canning. elements were identified and maintained, As the canning industry declined, Vila to transmit a sense of place. Real de Santo António lost prosperity Introduction Introduction and now its economy mainly depends on tourism, and the old canning The case of small The case of small factories were left to derelict. towns in Algarve towns in Algarve
The case of Portimão The case of Portimão city city
The case of Olhão city The case of Olhão city
The case of Vila Real The case of Vila Real de Santo António city de Santo António city
Conclusion Conclusion
The case of Vila Real de Santo António city Urban regeneration in small towns The local government is planning to shrinking smart rehabilitate this derelict industrial area with residential buildings, a technological park Abstract andagreenopenspacewithleisure activities. Introduction Although, the presented project has no regard for the cultural heritage of that industrial landscape, neither for the cultural The case of small towns in Algarve patrimony that all city buildings represent, it aims for some of the populations wishes. The case of Portimão city
The case of Olhão city
The case of Vila Real de Santo António city
Conclusion
(font: http://www.cm‐vrsa.pt/NR/rdonlyres/BC871D11‐949B‐42E2‐8AEE‐6ED249BED810/0/1_planta_implanta%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf).
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O programa
- Recuperar a zona industrial e área envolvente com o intuito de valorizar o património industrial, cultural e paisagístico. O lugar - Recuperar a galeria ripícola, visto que esta se reveste - The intrvention area is between 2 de extrema importância.
canning factory intalations, - Recuperar o sapal, de modo a promover a abandoned and degradeted, manutenção da that incude a weltand, zone of biodiversidade.
salt marches and the Delta of rio - Recuperar as salinas inactivas de modo que Gilão. evoluam novamente para sapal.
- Conciliar e integrar as estruturas pré-existentes no novo desenho do espaço.
Pretende-se, deste modo, que o parque proporcione diversas actividades de recreio e lazer a todas as faixas etárias, promovendo a qualidade estética e ambiental e as vivências sociais.
The quarry of Braga transformation to Stadium for Euro 2004 Cost 161 million euro The Braga Stadium was projected by the architect E. Souto Moura and constructed in a derelict quarry located in the urban area of Braga in the North of Portugal. Creation of multifunctional landscapes, which is the example of the Braga Municipal Stadium, which was created on the mountainside by The stadium is just a part of the sports complex built in levelling down a quarry of the mountain Monte an area occupying more than 74 acres. A space that Castro and served as a hosting venue for the Euro 2004 tournament. includes the stadium, Olympic pools, and several other The project offers an unusual and innovative frame multifunctional facilities all linked by numerous accesses and his architecture is a sequence of sustainable where it is possible to contact with nature, feeling the decisions which should be listed and analysed. spirit of the old landscape – the quarry.
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The vegetation was used to increase the quality of the place, by creating alignments that direct people to the different areas of the project. The tiers go across the entire playing field and resemble the ancient and rusticated bridges that were constructed by the Incas.
Park Tejo-Trancão is one of the best examples of a post- industrial landscape reclamation project ever realized in Portugal. It is located in the oriental part of Lisbon, in the right margin of the river Tejo, in a transition area between the municipal dis tr ic ts of LibLisbon and Loures. Before being a park, this area was composed by several industrial structures (a landfill, scraps, a sewage treatment plant and some obsolete industrial buildings. The high indexes of contamination and degradation of this landscape, the proximity of the Natural Reserve of the Estuary of Tejo and the intention to develop the world exposition Expo'98 constituted decisive arguments for the intervention in this specific area. With approximated 90ha, the park links physics and thematically with the Park Expo'98.
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The shrinking city syndrome is leaving planners and city officials with, among other things, the challenge of preserving and reusing buildings with architectural and cultural interest.
A regenerated former mining settlement in Gelsenkirchen.
From 146 active mines in 1960 only 7 remain today From 4.5 milion people only 2 milion From 607.000 miners only 39.000 today
The Zollverein industrial complex in Ruhr-Germany consists of a historical coal-mining site infrastructure, with some 20th- century buildings of outstanding architectural merit due to application of the design concepts of the Modern 1992 1998 2003 Movement in architecture in the industrial context. It constitut es remark abl e material evidence of the evolution and decline of an essential industry over the past 150 years. It has been inscribed into the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites since December 14, 2001 and is one of the anchor points of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
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The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park combines the industrial cultural heritage, Nature and a Light-show. What the visitor finds here is a massive industrial wasteland, measuring 200 hectares, which has been transformed over a period of more than ten years into a multifunctional park. At the centre of the park there is a decommissioned metalworks, the old industrial facilities of which are today being put to a variety of different uses. The former factory buildings have been converted to accommodate cultural and corporate functions; an old gasholder has become the biggest artificial diving centre in Europe; alpine gardens have been created in the ore storage bunkers, and a blast furnace has been developed into a panoramic tower.
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Conclusion
Urban regeneration in Urbanization is the main driving force of environmental change and “urban small towns sprawl” become the model of urban development worldwide in the last shrinking smart decades before it blamed for many social and environmental problems.
Abstract The “Smart Growth” and “New Urbanism” movements have made strong appeals to restrain city expansion.
Introduction In this work we compare small size towns of Algarve with shrinking neighbour problems that choose to rehabilitate derelict areas instead of The case of small expanding into green areas in their effort to be appropriate with the towns in Algarve sustainable city development and smart growth principles.
The case of Portimão city Some of the study towns of Algarve respect and reuse their recent history facilities, some others choose to ignore it. The project always gave an added The case of Olhão city value. We compare with international projects that had the ability to attract large investment. The case of Vila Real de Santo António city Public officials, planners and residents often try to "solve" the condition of shrinking, applying the same tool kit used for growth, with little success. Our Conclusion general conclusion is that providing alternative multifunctional solution for the obsolete industrial patrimony may award us for a long term sustainable solution.
Jon Burley – School of Planning, Design, and Construction, Michigan State University, 8th WSEAS International Conference on USA. Energy, Ecosystems, Environment and Chri s Zegras, MIT, USA. “Strat egi c Opti ons Sustainable Developmend (EEESD´12) for Integrating Transportation Innovations and Urban Revitalization” MIT-Portugal 5th WSEAS International Conference on Program Landscape Architecture (LA´12) Prof. Pedro Abramo - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Inst. Pesquisa e Panejamento Urbano e Regional, Brazil.
The conference will be held at the Hotel Eva * * * * Auditorium of the Faculty of Economics Address: Av. da República,1 University of Algarve, Campus de 8000-078 Faro GblGambelas, in Faro. Phone: +351 289 001 000 Fax: +351 289 001 002 Email: [email protected] Site: www.tdhotels.pt
Downtown Room Prices Single 93.00 € Double 109.00 €
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