Shrinking Smart in Small Cities of Portugal Thomas Panagopoulos

11-07-2011 Abstract Urban regeneration in Shrinking smart in small cities of small towns The present work aims to study the policies in different types of shrinking smart shrinking cities, based on comparative case studies from various small and Portugal large towns throughout Portugal. Abstract The impacts of shrinkage for urban and regional development that are Introduction caused by population losses will be identified focusing on different fields. The case of small The main objectives were: towns in Algarve • Identify the challenges caused by shrinkage for urban development; Thomas Panagopoulos The case of Portimão city • Develop a framework for understanding the challenges of development in different types of shrinking urban regions; Director of Master in Landscape Architecture The case of Olhão city • Understand the major strategies implemented by Portuguese central and local governments and identify their success UNIVERSITY OF ALGARVE ‐ PORTUGAL The case of Vila Real de Santo António city Some policies are analysed: promotion of marriage numbers, secondary students increase, Conclusion maintenance of health care services and creation of employment opportunities Introduction Urban In the second half of the twentieth century, a widespread industrial crisis, led to the regeneration in decline of urban industrial areas, and the number of industrial cities lessened. small towns shrinking smart Unable to compete in a global market, traditional industrial areas, became obsolete spaces, a “surplus” and stopped serving their production functions. The industrial revolution led to the re- Abstract structuring of urban centres, that suffered The former industrial landscape, now obsolete, needs redevelopment or expansion and many times to be de‐contaminated, these landscapes are called Brownfields. an exponential growth. Introduction The case of small Urban sprawl became a common towns in Algarve phenomena, unbalancing ecosystems and The case of Portimão creating the necessity to develop city strategies to control sprawl. The case of Olhão city Urban containment became the main The case of Vila Real sustainable strategy of some cities. de Santo António city Urban sprawl became the main strategy of Conclusion some others. Introduction Urban regeneration in ` In last decades, the phenomenon of shrinking cities has small towns many examples in most developed countries. According to shrinking smart Wiechmann 54% of the European cities lost population in the period from 1996 to 2001. Abstract Introduction The case of small towns in Algarve The case of Portimão city The case of Olhão city The case of Vila Real de Santo António city Conclusion The term "shrinking" is often considered a death sentence for Small Towns 1 11-07-2011 Urban shrinkage in the United States 2000-2004 based on US Census data Lisbon is in the 10 cities with the highest relative loss of more than 1.75% annually. Old industrialized cities (typical examples are Glasgow, St. Etienne, or Gelsenkirchen) has led to shrinking, in some ways similar to those in American metropolises like Detroit, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland. Suburbanization, Deindustrialization, Demographic shrinkage (aging population), Post-fordist transformations (post socialist transformation). City cycle (Athens, Rome) Globalization According to Van den Berg (1982) cities undergo through a cycle with different stages such as: urbanization, suburbanization, de- urbanization and re-urbanization, that belong to a natural process, related with the city history, but are also related with the city economic position within a global market (Sassen, 2001). Shrinking cities are also a product of globalization, with a global market, the number of industrial cities lessened due to a more competitive economy (Scott and Storper, 2003). 11 2 11-07-2011 › Local governments by offering › houses or other residential Intends to give residents a reason to advantages to young couples, try stay by guarantying jobs opportunities to attract new inhabitants to those municipalities › Cases in which employment in the municipalities increased without › This policy is not accompanied in containing the abandon of inhabitants most cases by other policies, namely policies that promote x Job opportunities are mainly in primary employment or avoid speculative and secondary sectors rent estate activity x A factor for the success of policies x In Lis bon and OtOporto cases, real promoting local employment is the property valuation forces capability of resilience of each households to search for houses in municipality for adapting from neighbouring municipalities, activities of primary and secondary despite of job opportunities sectors into tertiary sector activities x Boticas, Vinhais e Marvão that faced a reduction in the property › A policy that seems to retain economic value, did not generate activity in interior municipalities with less employment than 10 thousand inhabitants like x Almeida faces a change on Carrazeda de Ansiães, Oleiros, employment profile: industrial Almeida, Vila Velha de Rodão or employment is in decline, being Fronteira is the practice of exemption or the major number of jobs offered in the primary sector which is of a reduced rate on income tax often a seasonal activity, thus not generated by business activity called ensuring permanent residence “derrama” 13 14 The case of small towns in Algarve, Portugal The case of Portimão city (adaptive reuse of community icons ) Algarve industry was mostly related with the rich fishing resources and th th Urban the food‐canning industry. After the entrance of Portugal to EU, with more Urban During the 19 and 20 regeneration in regeneration in centuries, Portimão sardine strict environmental laws and the exponential tourism development and small towns small towns canning industry flourished, and shrinking smart globalization processes, industrial activities declined, leaving industrial derelict shrinking smart its industrial landscape establish areas.InthisarticlewewillmentionthreecasestudiesofAlgarvetownswith a strong connection between the Abstract shrinking problems (Portimão, Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António) , and the Abstract fishing port, the city and the options taken relatively to their obsolete industrial patrimony. Arade river. Introduction Introduction In 1960s, the industry collapsed, leaving several industrial facilities to abandonment on Arade The case of small The case of small riverside, but now, this whole area was recovered. towns in Algarve towns in Algarve The case of Portimão The case of Portimão city city The case of Olhão city The case of Olhão city The case of Vila Real The case of Vila Real de Santo António city de Santo António city Conclusion Conclusion As part of the riverside recovery an old canning factory, Feu Factory, was turned into a municipal museum, which opened on May 17th 2008. 3 11-07-2011 The case of Portimão city The case of Olhão city: Historic Preservation (building recycling) Urban Urban regeneration in To view the museum the regeneration in One of the canning small towns public can choose three different small towns industry factories in Olhão was shrinking smart paths, the first one called “the shrinking smart the Ramirez factory, located origin and destiny of a near the port area and Abstract community”, the second “the Abstract founded in 1936, that canned industrial life and the sea tuna in olive oil, sauces or challenge” and the third one called brine. Introduction “in deep water” is about Arade Introduction river and the ocean bottom. The case of small The case of small towns in Algarve towns in Algarve The case of Portimão The case of Portimão As the canning industry city city in Olhão declined, this affected the Ramirez factory, As part of the second path, The case of Olhão city The case of Olhão city that was sold to another the museum maintains the canning company, from Vila factory structure, showing its The case of Vila Real The case of Vila Real Real de Santo António, José functions. de Santo António city de Santo António city António Rita, Lda. This factory was recently Conclusion Conclusion rehabilitated and transformed into municipal auditorium. The case of Olhão city: Historic Preservation (building recycling) The case of Vila Real de Santo António city Urban Urban regeneration in regeneration in Located by the national border small towns small towns and near the sea, on the nineteenth shrinking smart The building itself was not maintained, shrinking smart century most of Vila Real de Santo but as a respect for the place cultural António population depended on the heritage some cultural and architectural Abstract Abstract tuna and sardine fishing and canning. elements were identified and maintained, As the canning industry declined, Vila to transmit a sense of place. Real de Santo António lost prosperity Introduction Introduction and now its economy mainly depends on tourism, and the old canning The case of small The case of small factories were left to derelict. towns in Algarve towns in Algarve The case of Portimão The case of Portimão city city The case of Olhão city The case of Olhão city The case of Vila Real The case of Vila Real de Santo António city de Santo António city Conclusion Conclusion The case of Vila Real de Santo António city Urban regeneration in small towns The local government is planning to shrinking smart rehabilitate this derelict industrial area with residential buildings, a technological park Abstract andagreenopenspacewithleisure activities. Introduction Although, the

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