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SSC-57, of the Inves- Tigation Entitled L’Crackingof Simple Structural Geometries; Investigation of Welded Ship Detailsf’ by S

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SSC-57, of the Inves- Tigation Entitled L’Crackingof Simple Structural Geometries; Investigation of Welded Ship Detailsf’ by S ! \ I , SERIAL ,NO. SSC.57 ,, 1’ 1- “1 ,,, ,,” Second ,, .. ‘, .’ PROGRESS RwoRT (Proiect SR-1 18) I ,. on I ~ CRKI(ING OF’ SIMPLE STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIES: I ,. Investigation of Welded Ship Details ,.’ ‘1. ,’ ). ‘1 ~ ~. ,, ., ,. !“, ! ‘ by ,.. , ,, S. T. Carpenter and R. ‘F. Linsenmeyer ,, ’,’ : ,’ ‘1 SWARTHMORE COLLEGE ‘“ I ,’ !- 1 ,,’ ‘, : Under Bureau of Ships Contract NObs-50250 “ (BuS~ps Proiect NS-731 -034) .,, ,.. ,’ j, ,. ‘, for ,, SHIP STRUCTURECOMMITTEE I Convened by ,.”. The Secretary .of the Treasury ,- ,’ ,, I ,-’ I ,. 1. i’ttember,Age*cies—Sl@ Structure Com”nsittee Address Correspo&erwe To: F- m’ Bureau of Ships; Dept. of Navy ‘, Secretary R 1, Military S-m Transportation Service, Dept. of Navy Skip Structure Committee “1 United St&es Coast Guard, Treasury Dept. U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters ,, Maritime Administration, Dept. o~ Commerce Washington 25, b. C. American. Bureau of”$hipping . ‘1 1“ ‘, ,, ,, ,, :’ 1“ ,, I ,! JUNE 15, 1953 1. ,,- ,,.’ ,,. ,, ,$ ., SHIP STRUCI’”LJRE COMMITTEE MEMBER AGENCIES: ADDRESS CORRESPONDENCE TO: BURIAU OF SHIPS, DEPT. or NAVY SCCRCTARV MILITARY SEA TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. Dwr. S5P NAVY SHIP 5TRuc7u RE COMhII’tTItl UNITED STATES COAST GUARD, TRGA6URY DWT. U. S. COAST GUARD HEADOUARTER9 MARITIME AD MINIWRATIOPJ. DEPT. OF GOMUCRCE WASHINGTON 28, D. C. AMERICAN BUREAU OF 5HIPPIW 1 June 1953 Dear Sir: As part of its research program related to the improvement of hull structures of ships, the Ship Structure Committee is sponsoring an investi- gation on the “Cracking of Simple Structural Geome- tries” at Swarthmore College. Herewith is a copy of the Second Progress Report, SSC-57, of the inves- tigation entitled l’Crackingof Simple Structural Geometries; Investigation of Welded Ship Detailsf’ by S. T. Carpenter and R. F. Linsermeyer. Any questions, commentsy criticism or other matters pertaining to the Report should be addressed to the Secretary, Ship Structure Committee. This Report is being distributed to those individuals and agencies associated with and in- terested in the work of the Ship Structure Committee. Yours sincerely, K. K. COWART \ Rear AdmiralT U. S. Coast Guard Chairman, Ship Structure Committee Second PROGRESS REPORT (Project SR-118) on CRACKING OF SIMPLE STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIES: Investigation of’Welded Ship Details by S. T. Carpenter and R. F. Linsenmeyer under Department of the Navy Bureau of””Ships Contract lWbs-50250 with Swarthmore College Bureau of Ships Project IW-731-034- for SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE .— .— TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract . <). 0 . ● * i List of Figures * . ☛ * ii List of’Tables e e ☛ 0 iv Introduction . n 0 ● ● 1 General Program 0 Q 9 e 4 Type YW Specimens a 0 ● ● 4 Type Z Specimens 0 0 ● o 5 Materials . R 0 ● 0 * 9 Imtmmerlta,tim . 0 0 m * ● 15 Test Data e ‘. e i)0 0 0 ● ● 17 Discuss3.onof Test Results7 W Specimens ● ● 20 Ultimate Load . ● 0 20 Energy to Maximum Load . ● ● 2 Energy to Fracture Load . ● o 22 Transition Temperatures . 0 ● 25 Discussion of Test Results, Type Z Specimens ● 27 TypeZ-s . e a m m o * O*9 S* * * 27 Flat l%r Stresses, Type Z-3 e Q* . * 3& TypeZ-E’. ..o.O. *O ● 0 36 Type z-13Me o “ c G . 0 O* 0 0 8 Trees Z-Cl and Z-C2 . -a 0 0 2 Tj@ Z-D o 0 * o e. * O- * a ~j Type Z-E . 0 00 0 o Type Z-T . a . 0.7 0 0 44 Overall Discussicm9 Type Z Specimens a * 44 summary Statements . ● 0 53 Bibliography . 0 0 * ● 56 .. Acknowledgments . * 0 57 Appendix A - Tables of Basic Data Appendix B!- Load Elongation Diagrams Appendix C - Specimens and Specimen Fabrication ABSTRACT This progress report presents the results of an investi- gation of the effect of geometry on strength and transition temperature of certain structural details found in welded ships. The detail geometries investigated were those which are current- ly used in ship structural design, or certain proposed modifica- tions to existing design. These include the structural geometries found at the ends of welded, free ended stiffeners and longitudinal, and the transition details between the sheer strake and fasb.ion plate. The specimens were of S/\-inch thick project steel DN or ABS class B ste~lo For the tests in which free end stiffeners and Iongitudinals were involved, variations in the contour of the free end were in- vestigatedi It was found that cutting the end of a stiffener or a longitudinal to a radius was definitely beneficial. The chief benefits were in the lowering of transition temperature when the ends of these structural members were cut back from a square ended condition. Strength was not affected to any critical ex- tent by varying the end geometry. The results emphasize the im- portance of avoiding abrupt structural transitions from one com- ponent to another, As smooth a transition as may be practicable gives the best results. LIST OF FIGURES 4 Side Ear Ed D~$ail va~~at~on~t DN st~@l L= ● ● ● ● 3 ~ Side Bar End Detail Variations, ABS-B Steel . 7 12 Plate J. A5S-B Steell Layout . .:. 14 13 Photograph of Clip Gages and Spool Extensometer Installation . * o ● o 0 ● ● s ● 00 ● o 16 14 Photograph of Specimen in Temperature Control Chamber. a . a o 0 0 0 0 0 ~ Q o 0 0 0 18 lJ SR-4 Strain Gage Locations . 0 0 *,Q,D 0 0 * ● m 19 16 Summary M~imum Loads and Energies vs. Temperatures for Types Y and W Specimens . * o 0 0 0 21 17 Scaling Pattern of Specimen XZ-3 . 28 18 Scaling Pattern of Specimen X2-B . 28 19 Scaling pattern of Specimen XZ-C1 . 0 0 a a . 0 ~ Q 28 20 Scaling pattern of specimen XZ-C2 . 28 21 Scaling Pattern of Specimen XZ-D . 0 0 * o 29 ii LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) ~ Title 22 Scaling Pattern,of Specimen XZ-E . 23 Scaling Pattern of S}lecimenX2-EM . 29 2% Summary, Type Z-3 Specimens . ● 30 2J Shear Fractur”eat Toe of End Fillet Weld . 31 26 Cleavage Fracture at Toe of End Fillet Weld. ● 31 27 Cleavage Fracture through End Fillet Weld . 32 28 Cleavage Fracture at Flat Ear Surface. 32 29 Principle Stresses at lsOkl Type Z-3 Specimen. ● 35 SO Principle Stresses at 350k, Type Z-3 Specimen. ● 35 31 Stress Components at lrOk, Type Z-3 Specimen . ● 35 32 Stress Components at 350k, Type Z-3 Specimen . , 35 33 Distance from Free End of Side Bars vs. Percent of Total Load Carried by Side Bars3 Type Z-3 Specimen . ● 37 34 Summary Maximum Loads and Energies, Type Z-B Specimens 37 35 Summary Maximum Loads and Energies, Type Z-BM Specimens . .. 39 36 Summary Maximum Loads and Energies, Type Z-C2 Specimens . 39 37 Summary Maximum Loads and Energies, Type Z-D Specimens . , . 43 38 Summary Maximum Loads and Energies, Type Z-E Specimens . 43 39 Summary Maximum Loads of Type Z Specimens of DN Steel . 49 40 Summary Maximum Loads of Type ABS-B Steel . 49 41 iWlmnaTY Energies to Maximum Load and Fracture of Type Z Specimens of DN Steel . 51 %2 Summary Energies to Maximum Loads and Fracture of Type Z Specimens of ABS-B Steel. 51 iii -. LIST OF TABLES ~ Title Page 1. Combinations of Types of’Steels . 10 11. Transition Temperatures Y7 YW-lj YW-2, YW-3 . 26 Specimens ~ 111. Transition Temperatures Type Z-3 Specimens. 33 IV. Transition Temperatures Types Z-Cl and Z-C2 . 41 Specimens l-. $mary of Test Results of Type Z Specimens . 45 CRACKING OF SIMPLE STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIES INVESTIGATION OF WELDED SHIP DETAILS INTRODUCTION A Tepd+) of fractures in welded ships indicated that over half of the fracture o~igins were in the immediate vicinity of welded structural discontinuities. Classifications of these welded discontinuities have included abrupt termination of stif- feners~ Iongitudinals, bilge keelsl and the geomet~y at the junc- tion of fashion plate and the sheer strake. Fractures have been initiated by notch effects attributed to structural geonetryt welding defects9 or a combination of the two, The purpose of the program outlined in this report has been to evaluate the efficacy of certain welded structural details as to tensile strengthj energy absorption, and transition tem~era- ture. The welded specimens were intended to simulate existing ship details or possible modifications of present practice, The fabricated specimens simulate certain types of welded, details. Specimens of Tvne ~, Fig. 1, were intended to repre- sent details similar to the transition details often found a.t the faired termination of the fashion plate at the sheer strake. Specimens of Type 23 Fig. 4, represent details similar,to those found at the free ends of welded components, such as stiffeners, interrupted Iongitudinalsa and bilge keel endings. -2. —- . .1 NOTE : 9 FILLET WELD ALL EDGES FLAME. (4-ACES) CUT wELDS MADE USING E-11010 ROD ~ o k2”— —13 !’2— BEVELED BEVELED SIDE PLATES BEVELED TYPE YW-2, TYPE YW-3 TYPE YW-I .. FIG. I SPECIMENS WITH LONGITUDINAL WELOMENT SWARTHBAORE COLLEGE f’/+=- ‘LATEP ‘LA-$) 546”“LLET‘ELDJ L E4UTT WELD Ft== SECTION A-A FIG.2 TYPE DN - 23 SPECIMEN ARRANGEMENT SwA~Ht40RE COLLEGE -3- , 4“X If SPLICE PMTE (4 PLACES) +‘* 4 L ! 5{{ FILLET WELD -Y L ❑ uTT WELD FIG. 3 NOTE! TYPE ABS-B-Z3 ALL EDGES FLAME–CUT SPECIMEN ARRANGEMENT WELDS MADE USING E–0010 ROD SCALE: ~z” = 1-, SWAmHMORE COLLEGE 5<&’ FILLET WELO f > 4 —— — — J — II TYPE ZCI NOTE: ALL EDGES FLAME-CUT. .WELD5 MADE USING E- IJoIO ROO FIG. 4 END DETAIL vARIATIONS FOR TYPE 18211 SPECIMENS SWARTHMORE COLLEGE -4- The specimens were prepared by flame cutting and connected by welding. Both the flame cutting and welding techniques uti- Iized in specimen fabrical:ionrepresent the quality of worlanan- ship to be expected in averageishipyard practice.
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