DOCSLIB.ORG

Qi J ..Eo.,O R. U,,,V .S,. II

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Qi J ..Eo.,O R. U,,,V .S,. II ]966020453 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19660020453 2020-03-16T20:56:40+00:00Z i ( ,, i Reports of the Department of G _odefic Science Reporl No. 70 THE DETERMINATIONAND D!"""-• --m,Lmm,'"'----m,_-'..4•""_-m-y.-.'*'.-,. OF PRECISETIME GPO PRICE CFSTI PRICE(S} $ by Ha_s D. Preuls Hard copy (HC) / tf P-,SJJuly 65 Prepared leo _ NATIONAL AERONAUTICS and SPACE ADMINMISTRATIONicrofiche (ME)_ ./ •_,9.:_,4 _ WASHINGTON, D.C. 1 _"qi J_ ..Eo.,o_r._u,,,v_.s,. I I RESEARCHFOUNDATION r,_ .. ColumbuS,Ohio 43212 I. ' "_ " log _JNOd _ll'll_lyJ 1966020453-002 REPORTS OF T}JE DEPART_._.NTOF GEODETIC SCI_'CE Report No. 70 _qTY.F.DEs._RMINAYION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PRECISE TL_E by Hans D. Preuss Contract No. NSS"36-OO8-O_3 OSURF Project No. 1997 Prepared for Natio-al Aeronautics and Space Administration _ash_ ngton , D.C. The Ohio State University Research Fo Andation Columbus, Ohio Apr_l, 1966 g 1966020453-003 , Precise time, distributed by means of radio broadcasts, is re- quired for two similar _eodetic tasks: astrcnomlc oos_tion determlna- tionj and obse_Tations of artificial satellites for geodetic purposes. The aim of this report is to assimi!ate under one cover the various phases of the determination and distributio:, of precise time. The determination of time has become a specialized f_eld of astronomy and is presented in Chao_er If. Ti::_eep_n_ and the basis of constant frequency _.sd_scussed _n Chepter !_I. Chapter l-v deals w_th_ variations in the time systems which are conmected to the rotation of the Earth, and w_th _he corrections that have to be applied to observed Q time. The diotr_bution of precise time throu_h radio broadcasts is pre- , sented in Chapter V. Finall_,, the manner in which the geodesist o_:ht to use distributed time and _he corrections thab have to be applied to received radio time s_pnals are discussed in Chaoter V!. Althou_h the disc::ssion lea:_s _.-tcnon-_eodetic fields and theo- retica! found__t_cns have %0 he ned!erred for want ef space, it _s hoped that th_s stu_v of bhe present state of the art w_ll pro_-i,_esome under- - stard_.._,of the bas_s of precise ti_,_a-d its distribution. The report was prepared under the b;_Oervision of Pro_. Ivan I. M_eller. The execution of th'a research is un4er the technical dlrect_on of the Director, Physics a:/ Astrunomy Programs, and of the Project _na_er of the National C_odetlc Satellite Program, both at EASA Head- " quartsrs, _ash_ng%on, D.C. The contract is administered by the office of Grants and .Research Contracts, Office of Space Science and Applications, I/''"- =_ ] 966020453-004 ! _ AC1_.. ,.C_LEI' _ >.,'._,._%, T8" The writer _ratefully acknowledges the help, _u_dance and encouragement received from Professor Ivan I. Mueller, not only wh_,ie prepar_n_ %h's _auer but durin_ his entire period of study at th_s -- university. Further, _ratitude is extended to Dr. W_lliam F_r_owitT, Director, U. S. Naval Observatory Time Service, for a stimulating discussion on tbe subject of this paper _n September 1965. Several other _nd%'iduais have contr_.buted _reatly. Special than_s _,oto Mr. Jch_ Badekas for his valuable tran,!ativ,,s of French outlic_tiors, and to Mrs. Jan ,eller for _ _p_ nF %h"_ report. / 1966020453-005 • TABLE OF CONTENTS , PAGE PREFACE ii ACANCkLEDGE_NTS iii TABLE OF CO_!TBRTS iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIO_!S ix LIST OF TABLES • xi h_,_T_TION Ih_EX x iii i. DEFIniTION OF TI_ SYSTEF_ I i.i Introduction i i.2 Ator_c Tim_ 1.21 The atomic ti:_eepoch 5 1.22 The atomic time interval 6 II. OBSERVATORY DETERF_NATION OF THE EPOCH OF TI_ 8 2oi Introduction 8 2.2 The Determination of %he Universal Time Epoch 8 2.21 Meridian observations with the FZT_ 9 2.211 Errors in the PZT observations 16 2.22 Extra-meridian observations with the Danjon impersonal prismatic astrolabe 17 2.221 Accuracy c_nsiderations 2-5 2.23 The calculation of univ_.rsaltime from observed local sidereal time _ 26 2.2_ The accuracy of universal time determination 28 iv 1966020453-006 k ! x TABLE OF CONTINTS (cont'd.) :_ PAGE 2.3 The Determination of the Ephemeris Time Epoch 30 _i 2.31 The dual-rate Moon camera 31 _ 2.32 The dete_nation of the eQuatori_l coordinates of the I'_on 3h 5_ 2.33 The interpolation of _T 37 _._ III. FREQUENCY STA_._A_LT_AND TI_._KE_,_ING 39 4 3.i Introduction 39 3.2 Primary Frequency Standards hl 3.21 The caesium atomic beam standard h3 • 3.22 The hydro_:enMaser standard h5 3.3 Secondary Frequency Standards h6 3.31 Principle of quartz vibrators h7 3.32 Quartz standards 50 3.33 The rubidium vapor standard 51 3.h Clocks and Chrcncmeters 52 3.hl _chanical clocks 53 3.h2 Quartz crystal clocks " 5h 3.421 Portable quartz crystal chronometers 55 3.h3 Atomic cloc_(s f_ 60 3.h31 Portable atomio clocks 62 IV. VARIATIONS IN ROTATIONAL TII_ A2D RELATED TOPICS 63 h.l Introduction 63 1966020453-007 . TABLE OF CONTENTS (eont'd.) PAGE | h.2 Polar Motion 63 h.2! Principles of observation and reduction methods 65 2.22 The effect of i _!ar motion on latitude and longitude 67 _.23 The total motion of the pole and the IP_ 72 h.24 The Rapid Latitude Service 77 h.25 Comparison between IPF_ and RLS coordinates 80 4.3 Variation in the Earth,s Rotation Speed 82 2.31 The seasonal variation 8h 2.32 Lunar tidal variations 87 . _ h.h The Non-Uniformity Of U_ 87 V. D_STR!BUTIOI_ OF PRECISE TI!_ A_D FREQUENCY 89 5.1 Introduction 89 5.2 International Agreements Concerning Tii,leSignal Broadcasts 90 5.21 Frequency offsets and 3teo adjustments in phase 90 5.22 Definition of a coordinated station 92 5.23 Internationally accepted types of radio time signal 93 5.3 Standard Ti:_,eand Frequency Broadcasts 95 5.31 Broadcasts of the U. S. _!stional Bureau of Standards 95 5.311 Transmissions from NBS stations v_WV and _WVH 98 5.312 Transmissions from N_b stations WwVB and wWVL 103 5.32 Broadcasts controlled by the U. S. Naval Observatory 105 5.321 Transmissions from U. S. Naval radio stations _06 " 5.322 Transmissions from Loran-C statiors 108 vi 1966020453-008 I ,° TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd.) PAGE 5.33 Agreement in the epoch of time signals transmitted iii by U. S. Government stations 5.32 Standard time broadcasts from international stations iii 5.2 Time Synchronization 112 5.21 Propagation characteristics of radio waves 122 _i 5.211 Propagation characteristics of HF radio signals 122 5.212 Propagation characteristics of LF/VLF radio signals 126 5.&13 Propagation characteristics of Loran-C 127 5.22 International time coordination 128 5.421 Time s_nchronization through monitorlng _ : 126_ 5._22 Time synchronizationwith portable atomic clocks 129 5._23 Time synchronizationvia artificial satellites 130 Vl. GECDZTIC USES OF _IST_IBUT._DPRECISE TI_ 132 6.i Introduction 132 6.2 Time Comparison Methods of Highest Accuracy 133 6.21 Ti_e comparisons using HF transmissions 133 6.21] Tick phasing adjustment method 133 6.212 Time comparison with stroboscopic devices 136 6.213 Time comparison using delay counters 138 6.22 Time co_r.parisonsusing VLF transmissions 139 6.23 Specific methods of time synchronization I_O 6.231 Ti_e comparison method used at USC & GS satellite i_O observing stations 1966020453-009 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd.) t PA_ 6'232 A unique system of time s_chronization 1)41 6.3 Time Comparison Methods of Medium Accuracy i_5, 6.h Tir,eComparison i_thods of Low Accuracy lh7 6_5 Corrections to Radio Time Signals I_8 6.51 Explanation and use of the U. S. Naval Observatory 1249 time correction publications 6.511 Remarks about Tim_ Signal Bulletins issued for periods 160 .4 prior to January i 1962 - ":_::...... _ :"_ 6.52 Explanaticn and use of the Bulletin?H_ai_e '_ _:_162,_ 6.521 The formation of the mean o_'ser¢,_O_:...... !i_2: -- : ' _-"i_'5 ? : 6.522 The use of the Bulletin Roraxre proper : - ,, VII. S_'iP/ARY . °'178 '- % : - : b_.bEC_NDBIBLIOG_}_ - " ,J viii 1966020453-010 I LIST OF ILJJU_TRATIO_ISTC_ Titl_____e _p_ i.i Rotational and ephemeris time systems 3 2.1 The photographic zenith tube, PZT i0 2.2 Appearance of star image_ on the FZT plate 12 2.3 Frinciole of the prismatic astrolabe 18 2.2 Image formation using a double symmetrical Wollaston prism 19 2.5 The Danjon imperscnal prismatic astrolab_ 20 2.6 The i_mrkowitzMoon camera 32 3.] Schematic of a caesium atomic beam device L_ 3.2 Schematic of a quartz frequency standard 50 3.3 The master clock room of the U. S. ,;avalObservatory 62 LI.] The effect of polar motion on latitude and longitude 68 _,2 RLS coordinates of the instantaneous pole 78 2.3 Polar mction 1960 - 196h 81 _._ Monthly means of UT2-A.I 8_ _._ BIH values for the seasonal variation for 1966 86 5.1 The international ONOGO system 92 5.2 The evolution of the USFS 96 o 5.3 Time code transmission from W_V 102 5.4 Hourly time broadcast schedule of NBS stations 102 5.5 Location of standard time and frequency station_ 123 6.1 The Newtek Chronofax lh3 6.2 _hronofax ti_e record i_ 6.3 Preliminary Emission T_mes s_ecimen 153 6.2 T_me Signals Bulletin specime_ 15_ 6.5 Values UTI - UTO of the Bulletin Horaire 170 ix 1966020453-011 LIST OF ILLUSTRATI_S (cont'd.) Figure Title PA___ 6.6 Values UT2 - UTI of +he Bulletin Horaire 171 6.7 Observatorie3 Dar%icip@ting in the formation of the mean observatory 172 6.@ Values UT2 - A3 of the Bulletin Horaire 173 6.9 Values UT2 - UTC and UT2 - Signal of the Bulletin Horaire 1?2 6,10 Values UT2 - Signal of the Bulletin Horaire 175 7.1 Interdependence of various phases of time deter_dnation 179 and dJstribution t x Ig66020453-012 LIoT OF TABLF,5 Table Title PA____ 2.1 Probable errors of PZT observations at ;_ash_ngton 17 2.2 Quarterly deviations at i of UT2 29 2.3 Standard error of UT2 for 0.i year intervals 30 3.1 Com_ercially available _uartz crystal chronometers 56 4.1 International latitude observatories of the I£_'_ 73 4.2 Secular motion of +he mean pole from ILS observations 75 4.3 Coordinates of the mean Dole of the eocch from 1903 76 to 1957 _._ Comparison of published IP_'_and _ coordinates of 82 the instantaneous ,Dole _.5 Coefficients for seasonal variation adopted by the BiH 85 since 1956 5,1 U.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reception of Low Frequency Time Signals
    Reprinted from I-This reDort show: the Dossibilitks of clock svnchronization using time signals I 9 transmitted at low frequencies. The study was madr by obsirvins pulses Vol. 6, NO. 9, pp 13-21 emitted by HBC (75 kHr) in Switxerland and by WWVB (60 kHr) in tha United States. (September 1968), The results show that the low frequencies are preferable to the very low frequencies. Measurementi show that by carefully selecting a point on the decay curve of the pulse it is possible at distances from 100 to 1000 kilo- meters to obtain time measurements with an accuracy of +40 microseconds. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental reiulb permib the study of propagation conditions and, further, shows the drsirability of transmitting I seconds pulses with fixed envelope shape. RECEPTION OF LOW FREQUENCY TIME SIGNALS DAVID H. ANDREWS P. E., Electronics Consultant* C. CHASLAIN, J. DePRlNS University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium 1. INTRODUCTION parisons of atomic clocks, it does not suffice for clock For several years the phases of VLF and LF carriers synchronization (epoch setting). Presently, the most of standard frequency transmitters have been monitored accurate technique requires carrying portable atomic to compare atomic clock~.~,*,3 clocks between the laboratories to be synchronized. No matter what the accuracies of the various clocks may be, The 24-hour phase stability is excellent and allows periodic synchronization must be provided. Actually frequency calibrations to be made with an accuracy ap- the observed frequency deviation of 3 x 1o-l2 between proaching 1 x 10-11. It is well known that over a 24- cesium controlled oscillators amounts to a timing error hour period diurnal effects occur due to propagation of about 100T microseconds, where T, given in years, variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Thweattetd1.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School CHARACTERIZATION OF PIGMENT BIOSYNTHESIS AND LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEXES OF SELECTED ANOXYGENIC PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA A Dissertation in Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology and Astrobiology by Jennifer L. Thweatt 2019 Jennifer L. Thweatt Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2019 ii The dissertation of Jennifer L. Thweatt was reviewed and approved* by the following: Donald A. Bryant Ernest C. Pollard Professor in Biotechnology and Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Squire J. Booker Howard Hughes Medical Investigator Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Eberly Distinguished Chair in Science John H. Golbeck Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics Professor of Chemistry Jennifer L. Macalady Associate Professor of Geosciences Timothy I. Miyashiro Assistant Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Wendy Hanna-Rose Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Head, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This dissertation describes work on pigment biosynthesis and the light-harvesting apparatus of two classes of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, namely the green bacteria and a newly isolated purple sulfur bacterium. Green bacteria are introduced in Chapter 1 and include chlorophototrophic members of the phyla Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. The green bacteria are defined by their use of chlorosomes for light harvesting. Chlorosomes contain thousands of unique chlorin molecules, known as bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, e, or f, which are arranged in supramolecular aggregates. Additionally, all green bacteria can synthesize BChl a, the and green members of the phyla Chlorobi and Acidobacteria can synthesize chlorophyll (Chl) a.
    [Show full text]
  • Upflow Oil Warm Air Furnace
    il ii i_!ii I OLB5-R / OLB6-R OHB5-F / OHB6-F DNS_0562 Rev A OLB5-F UPFLOW OIL WARM AIR FURNACE Save these instructions for future reference. Printed in Canada 2001/12/03 X40083 Rev. D 445 01 4083 02 PART 1 INSTALLATION 2) SAFE INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS Installation or repairs made by unqualified persons can result in hazards to you and others. Installation MUST conform with codes or, in the absence of local codes, with codes of the country having jurisdiction. The information contained in this manual is intended for use by a qualified service technician familiar with safety procedures and equipped with the proper tools and test instruments. Failure to carefully read and follow all instructions in this manual can result in furnace malfunction, property damage, personal injury and/or death. 1) SAFETY LABELLING AND SIGNAL WORDS 1.1) Danger, Warning and Caution: The signal words DANGER, WARNING and CAUTION are used to Fire hazard identify levels of hazard seriousness. The signal word DANGER is only used in product labels to signify an immediate hazard. The signal words WARNING and CAUTION will be used on product labels and The furnace must be installed in a level position, throughout this manual and other manuals that may apply to the never where it will slope to the front. product. If the furnace were installed in that position, oil 1.2) Signal Words: could drain into the furnace vestibule and create a fire hazard, instead of draining properly into the DANGER - Immediate hazards which WILL result in death or serious combustion chamber.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular $2.50 Canada
    ICD-08635 JUNE 1986 $1.95 POPULAR $2.50 CANADA Now Incorporating SeSC011 Magazine The Official Publication of the Scanner Association of North America www.americanradiohistory.com ASLEEP...AWAY...ON-THE-JOB... DON'T MISS ANYTHING ON YOUR SCANNER Exclusive! Monitor volume Exclusive! Voice -tailored Exclusive! Delay time con- control is independent of speaker system for trol adjusts to hold for recording volume. listening clarity. reply messages. Exclusive! VOX level light Exclusive! Attractive assures perfect adjustment. molded high -impact cabinetry. A.do 11.,,_ 00e10110110) U.L. listed power supply ERTM included. TrJer:Activator A permanent record even when you're Hear while you record. not there! "What used to drive me crazy was that MONEY BACK GUARANTEE "Before I installed NiteLogger I always anytime the recorder was plugged into If you're dissatisfied in any way with seemed to miss the big stories'..." Now the scanner, the speaker was cut-off so Nitelogger, just return it to us prepaid solve the biggest frustration of scanner I couldn't hear what was going on!" within 25 days for a prompt, courteous enthusiasts: NiteLogger makes sure you'll NiteLogger's built-in monitor speaker and refund. For One Full Year NiteLogger hear it all, even if it happens at 3:47 a.m.! Monitor Level control solves the problem. is guaranteed to be free of defects in Foolproof operation...works every You control the volume from off to full on, workmanship and materials. Simply time! independent of recording levels. send prepaid to BMI for warranty repair. "I've tried rigging up recorders before only Buy with absolute confidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Time Signal Stations 1By Michael A
    122 Time Signal Stations 1By Michael A. Lombardi I occasionally talk to people who can’t believe that some radio stations exist solely to transmit accurate time. While they wouldn’t poke fun at the Weather Channel or even a radio station that plays nothing but Garth Brooks records (imagine that), people often make jokes about time signal stations. They’ll ask “Doesn’t the programming get a little boring?” or “How does the announcer stay awake?” There have even been parodies of time signal stations. A recent Internet spoof of WWV contained zingers like “we’ll be back with the time on WWV in just a minute, but first, here’s another minute”. An episode of the animated Power Puff Girls joined in the fun with a skit featuring a TV announcer named Sonny Dial who does promos for upcoming time announcements -- “Welcome to the Time Channel where we give you up-to- the-minute time, twenty-four hours a day. Up next, the current time!” Of course, after the laughter dies down, we all realize the importance of keeping accurate time. We live in the era of Internet FAQs [frequently asked questions], but the most frequently asked question in the real world is still “What time is it?” You might be surprised to learn that time signal stations have been answering this question for more than 100 years, making the transmission of time one of radio’s first applications, and still one of the most important. Today, you can buy inexpensive radio controlled clocks that never need to be set, and some of us wear them on our wrists.
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Navigational Aids
    RADIO NAVIGATIONAL AIDS Publication No. 117 2014 Edition Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Springfield, VA © COPYRIGHT 2014 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. WARNING ON USE OF FLOATING AIDS TO NAVIGATION TO FIX A NAVIGATIONAL POSITION The aids to navigation depicted on charts comprise a system consisting of fixed and floating aids with varying degrees of reliability. Therefore, prudent mariners will not rely solely on any single aid to navigation, particularly a floating aid. The buoy symbol is used to indicate the approximate position of the buoy body and the sinker which secures the buoy to the seabed. The approximate position is used because of practical limitations in positioning and maintaining buoys and their sinkers in precise geographical locations. These limitations include, but are not limited to, inherent imprecisions in position fixing methods, prevailing atmospheric and sea conditions, the slope of and the material making up the seabed, the fact that buoys are moored to sinkers by varying lengths of chain, and the fact that buoy and/or sinker positions are not under continuous surveillance but are normally checked only during periodic maintenance visits which often occur more than a year apart. The position of the buoy body can be expected to shift inside and outside the charting symbol due to the forces of nature. The mariner is also cautioned that buoys are liable to be carried away, shifted, capsized, sunk, etc. Lighted buoys may be extinguished or sound signals may not function as the result of ice or other natural causes, collisions, or other accidents.
    [Show full text]
  • STANDARD FREQUENCIES and TIME SIGNALS (Question ITU-R 106/7) (1992-1994-1995) Rec
    Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 1 SYSTEMS FOR DISSEMINATION AND COMPARISON RECOMMENDATION ITU-R TF.768-2 STANDARD FREQUENCIES AND TIME SIGNALS (Question ITU-R 106/7) (1992-1994-1995) Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) the continuing need in all parts of the world for readily available standard frequency and time reference signals that are internationally coordinated; b) the advantages offered by radio broadcasts of standard time and frequency signals in terms of wide coverage, ease and reliability of reception, achievable level of accuracy as received, and the wide availability of relatively inexpensive receiving equipment; c) that Article 33 of the Radio Regulations (RR) is considering the coordination of the establishment and operation of services of standard-frequency and time-signal dissemination on a worldwide basis; d) that a number of stations are now regularly emitting standard frequencies and time signals in the bands allocated by this Conference and that additional stations provide similar services using other frequency bands; e) that these services operate in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R TF.460 which establishes the internationally coordinated UTC time system; f) that other broadcasts exist which, although designed primarily for other functions such as navigation or communications, emit highly stabilized carrier frequencies and/or precise time signals that can be very useful in time and frequency applications, recommends 1 that, for applications requiring stable and accurate time and frequency reference signals that are traceable to the internationally coordinated UTC system, serious consideration be given to the use of one or more of the broadcast services listed and described in Annex 1; 2 that administrations responsible for the various broadcast services included in Annex 2 make every effort to update the information given whenever changes occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Time and Frequency Users' Manual
    ,>'.)*• r>rJfl HKra mitt* >\ « i If I * I IT I . Ip I * .aference nbs Publi- cations / % ^m \ NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 695 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards Time and Frequency Users' Manual 100 .U5753 No. 695 1977 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, a technical (3) basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essen- tial services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following center and divisions: Applied Mathematics
    [Show full text]
  • Atomix Atomic Clock 00562 Instructions
    Atomix Atomic Clock Model 00562 About the Atomic Clock The National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) in Fort Collins, Colorado broadcasts the time signal (WWVB at 60 kHz AM radio signal) with an accuracy of 1 second per every 3,000 years. The signal is able to cover a distance of up to 2,000 miles from the source. Like a typical AM radio, your atomic clock will not be able to receive the WWVB signal in places surrounded by heavy concrete or metal panels. The reception of the time signal is also greatly affected by electrical or electronic interference. To get the best performance from the atomic clock, install the clock nearer to a window facing west. Battery Installation and Set Up Remove the battery cover and insert 2 “AA” alkaline batteries according to the direction shown inside the battery compartment. Once the batteries are installed the display will show all segments of the LCD display for 3 seconds and will beep once. Then the display will show 12:00pm Jan 1, 2000 together with room temperature. The Time Zone is defaulted at PST – Pacific Standard Time. Select the correct Timer Zone 1. Press the ZONE / DST button to select PST, MST, CST or EST. 2. Once a time zone is selected, your Atomix clock will start searching for the time signal. 3. While your Atomix clock is seeking the signal, the signal strength icon will change gradually indicating the search is continuing. 4. If the signal is available, your Atomix clock will display the local time in about 3-5 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Nbs Technical Note 674 National Bureau of Standards
    NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 674 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, ,1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, the Office of Radiation Measurement and the following Center and divisions: Applied Mathematics - Electricity - Mechanics - Heat - Optical Physics - Center for Radiation Research: Nuclear Sciences; Applied Radiation - Laboratory Astrophysics * - Cryogenics ' - Electromagnetics - Time and Frequency *. THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Standard Time Service Group
    Space-Time Standards Laboratory Japan Standard Time 6HUYLFHGroup National Institute of Information and Communications Technology -DSDQ6WDQGDUG7LPH6HUYLFH*URXSʊ*HQHUDWLRQ&RPSDULVRQDQG 'LVVHPLQDWLRQRI-DSDQ6WDQGDUG7LPHDQG)UHTXHQF\6WDQGDUGV National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 7KH1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI,QIRUPDWLRQDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQV7HFKQRORJ\ 1,&7 LVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHLPSRUWDQW WDVNV RI *HQHUDWLRQ &RPSDULVRQ DQG 'LVVHPLQDWLRQ RI -DSDQ 6WDQGDUG 7LPH DQG )UHTXHQF\ 6WDQGDUGV ZKLFKKDYHDGLUHFWLPSDFWRQSHRSOH¶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ڦ "EKVTUNFOU 8IBUJTUIF5JNF 0VSEBJMZMJWFTBSFHPWFSOFECZUIFBQQBSFOUNPUJPOPGUIF4VO 4JODF UIF UJNF TDBMF VTFE JO NFBTVSJOH UJNF JT BUPNJD UJNF UIFSFJTBOFFEGPSBOBUPNJDUJNFUIBUJTDMPTFUP6OJWFSTBM5JNF 65 5IJTBUPNJDUJNFJTDBMMFE$PPSEJOBUFE6OJWFSTBM5JNF 65$ "T UIF BOHVMBS WFMPDJUZ PG UIF &BSUI JT BGGFDUFE CZ OBUVSBM QIFOPNFOBTVDIBTUJEBMGSJDUJPO UIFNBOUMF BOEUIFBUNPT B UJNF EJGGFSFODF CFUXFFO 65 BOE 65$ JT GMVDUVBUFE FGJOJUJPOPGB4FDPOE QIFSF% ڦ 5IFSFGPSF UP LFFQ UIF UJNF EJGGFSFODF CFUXFFO 65$
    [Show full text]
  • Reception of Radio Controlled Signal Signal
    Suitable mode: C8458B-PD15164M(DCF/MSF/WWVB/JJY) Size: A4 2015.4.20 10 9 1 9 1 8 8 2 7 2 7 RADIO CONTROLLED CLOCK 3 6 3 6 WITH TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY Model: C8458B 4545 USER MANUAL WWVB version JJY version Suitable mode: C8458B-PD15164M(DCF/MSF/WWVB/JJY) Size: A4 2015.4.20 2 Alarm time mode 1 1. Alarm time 3 2. Alarm icon/Alarm on 3. Alarm mode indicator 10 9 1 9 1 8 8 2 7 2 7 RADIO CONTROLLED CLOCK 3 6 3 6 WITH TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY GETTING STARTED Model: C8458B 45Ɣ Remove the battery door. 45 Ɣ ,nsert 4 new AA size batteries according to the “+/-” polarity mark on the USER MANUAL battery compartment. WWVB version JJY version Thank you for purchasing this delicate radio clock with temperature and Ɣ Replace the battery door. humidity. Utmost care has gone into the design and manufacture of the clock. Ɣ 2nce the batteries are inserted, full segment of the LCD will be shown before This manual is used for DCF/MSF/WWVB/JJY versions, but the LCD display 2 entering the radio controlled time reception1 mode. and temperature use DCF/MSF version for reference. Please read the ƔAlarm The timeRC clock mode will automatically start scanning for the radio controlled time 3 instructions carefully according to the version you purchased and keep the 1. signalAlarm intime 8 seconds. manual well for future reference. 2. Alarm icon/Alarm on 3. Alarm mode indicator NOTE: PRODUCT OVERVIEW ,f no display appears on the LCD after inserting the batteries, press the [ RESET ] button by using a metal wire.
    [Show full text]