August 17, 1993 Vol.XLVNo. 17 "Still U.S. Department of Health The Second and Human Services Best Thing

National Institutes of About Payday" Health Nobelist Is Clinton's Choice Max Cooper To Deliver Harold Varmus Nominated as 14th NIH Director NIAID's Kinyoun Lecture resident Clinton on Aug. 3 announced nternatio~ally recognized fo~ his pioneer­ his intention to nominate Dr. Harold ing work m developmental 1mmuno­ PEliot Varmus as the 14th director of Ibiology, Dr. Max D. Cooper will deliver rhe National lnsrituces of Health. A Senare che Kinyoun Lecture on Sept. I at 4 p.m. in confirmation process must precede Varmus' Bldg. lO's Lipsett Amphitheater. He has citied caki ng over leadership of the institutes. the talk «Lymphocyte Differentiation Pathways: Winner of che Nobel Prize in 1989 for his Changing Paradigms." work in cancer research, Varmus, 53, is a The topic derives from research in which he professor of microbiology, biochemistry, and showed that the human immune system can be biophysics, and the American Cancer Society divided developmentally and functionally into B professor of molecular virology at the Univer­ cell and T cell populations. This work was che sity of California, San Francisco. He is a leader major breakthrough in our understanding of the in the smdy of cancer-causing genes called mechanisms of immunodeficiencies and has "oncogenes," and an internationally recognized since led to a classification system and treatment authority on retroviruses, the viruses char cause advances for these illnesses. Cooper was also AIDS and many cancers in animals. responsible for pivotal insights into the process Varmus would be the first NIH director to regulating the formation of lymphoid neoplasia. have won a Nobel Prize, and is one of the Currently, as the Howard Hughes investigator world's most eminent and most honored ar che University of Alabama ar Birmingham, biomedical scientists. He has been working at Cooper directs an international team of the cutting edge of modern cell and molecular Dr. Harold E. Varmus researchers in studies of cancer, leukemia, and biology, and has had an active relationship with gene, v-src, responsible for causing tumors in che immunology ofAIDS. The university is NIH for about 30 years as an intramural chickens, they discovered a nonviral src gene, one of only 26 having a Howard Hughes scientist, grantee, and public advisor. very similar to v-src, present in the normal cells researcher on staff. Since 1967, Cooper has Varmus and his UCSF colleague Dr. J. of birds and mammals. held the position of professor of medicine, Michael Bishop shared a Nobel Prize in In recent years, his work has assumed special pediatrics, and microbiology at rhe university, physiology or medicine in 1989 for demonsuar­ relevance to AIDS, through a focus on bio­ where he also serves as director of rhe division of ing char cancer genes (oncogenes) can arise chemical properties of HIV, and to breast developmental and clinical immunology, from normal cellular genes, called proco­ cancer, ch rough investigation of mammary director of the cellular immunobiology unit of oncogenes. While investigating a retroviral (See VARMUS, Page 6) (See KINYOUN LECTURE, Page 2) NHLBI Opens Bone Marrow New Effort Targets Skin Transplantation Unit in CC Disease Epidemiology By Ellen Sommer r a rime when the health care dollar is being squeezed, there is a great need to rh rh e recent opening of NHLBI's develop means of measuring and scare-of-the-art bone marrow A documenting che suffering caused by skin uansplancacion unic in 2 Wesc of W diseases," said Dr. John Koo of the University the Clinical Cencer, NIH now has a special of California, San Francisco, at rhe first national capability ro conduct research co improve che workshop on the epidemiology of skin diseases, safety and effectiveness of chis treatment. held earlier this year at NIH. Ar a ribbon-cutting ceremony held to The workshop, sponsored and organized by celebrate the opening of the new facility, NIAMS, convened a group of national and NHLBI director Dr. Claude Lenfant noted, international experrs in dermatology and "This new unit will result in a concerted, epidemiology to review the current status of multidisciplinary effort that will involve epidemiologic research on diverse skin diseases. investigators from other NIH components. Ir The diseases included nonmelanoma skin will enable our scientists ro convert laboratory discoveries into effective treatments for a cancer, psoriasis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, dermatologic aspects of HIV infection, and variety of life-threatening diseases." Sen. Bob Kerrey (D-Neb.) meets with NIH acting chronic cutaneous ulcers. The workshop also Clinical bone marrow transplantation was director Dr. Ruth Kirschstein during a visit to identified areas in which epidemiologic studies first done in chis country in the late I 960's for NIH on Aug. 2. Kerrey toured the Clinical would advance understanding, management, immune deficiency disorders. Today, more Center (the stop above was in the clinical and prevention of skin diseases in order to than 15,000 bone marrow transplants are pathology department), meeting scientists and encourage more research into chese areas. carried our worldwide every year for a growing patients. He received briefings on cancer research number of diseases. The National Marrow from Dr. Steven Rosenberg, chiefof NCI's Surgery According to the American Skin Association, there may be as many as 2,000 skin diseases; Donor Program in chis country, which is Branch, as well as NCI director Dr. Samuel some 75 of these are che most common. managed by NHLBI, currently facilitates about Broder. He also inspected NHLBI's new bone "Previous surveys have indicated that each 60 transplants a month, and has more than marrow transplantation unit, quizzing unit head year, one in chree Americans has a skin condi­ 900,000 donors on its registry. Dr. John Bennett on uses for the therapy. Before leaving, Kerrey assured his NIH hosts that this was tion serious enough to be seen by a physician," (See MARROW UNIT, Page 4) just an introduction to a continuing relationship. (See SKIN DISEASES, Page 5) The Record page 2 August 17, 1993

KINYOUN LECTURE foundation of current therapy for T and B cell­ Two NIH Fencers Excel (Continued from Page 1} related malignancies. Two charter members of the NIH Fencers the tumor institute, and senior scientist of their The Society for Experimental Biology and Club have just won top honors in open comprehensive cancer center. Medicine conferred on Cooper one of its most competition. Cooper specialized in pediatrics in his studies prestigious awards for his B and T cell differen­ Dr. Pecer Roller of NCI won the Capital Area at the University of Mississippi Medical School tiation studies, for Division Open Sabre Championship, after a and at Tulane University Medical School. In which he also won rhe fierce battle for first place with Dr. Novera his clinical work at the University of 1990 inaugural "Herb" Spector of NINOS. California's San Francisco Medical Center, Sandoz Prize for Spector defended his sabre championship in where he began as a fellow in 1961, Cooper Immunology, an che senior category ar the U.S. National became absorbed with cases involving recurring honor he shared with Championships, jusc concluded in Fe. Myers, infections in children who had been identified Dr. Jacques Miller of Fla., by winning all of his bouts in the above-55 with immunologic deficits. His immunologic the Walter and Eliza divisions. Spector, 73, continues to break his interests flourished in his subsequent work Hall Institute in own world records for qualification for the U.S. based on the chicken as the immune system Melbourne. The Open Championships (55 successive years) and model, enabling him to show the distinction National Academy of for coral gold medals in foil, epee, and sabre between lymphocytes originating in the thymus Sciences inducted competitions in che senior (formerly senior gland (T cells) and those developing from the Dr. Max Cooper Cooper into its olympic) categories. bursa (B cells). Virtually every aspect of our membership in 1988, In che super-senior sabre event composed of knowledge of the human immune system making him the first researcher in Alabama to winners from all age groups, Speccor again gave derives in large pan from these seminal studies. be so recognized, and in 1990, he became a the only defeat (5-1) to last year's super-senior Stimulated by the pediatric studies he began member of the Institute of Medicine. He also champion, an Alaskan from the 40-44 group, in medical school, Cooper also went on to serves on the editorial boards of several highly and barely missed a tie for first place in the identify a new type of childhood lymphoblastic regarded scientific journals. supers, which he has won on two previous leukemia, known as pre-B cell leukemia. Not Cooper continues his longstanding relation­ occasions. only did he discover pre-B cells, he demon­ ship with the NIAID, both as a grantee and as a For information on the NIH and ocher strated that B cell neoplasms originate in the member of che inscituce's board of scientific fencing clubs in the D .C. mecropolican area, bone marrow. This work proved to be the counselors.-Karcn Leighty 0 call or write to Cleveland Cooper, Federal Bldg., Rm. 916, phone 65745, fax 21501. 0 NIDDK's Hoofnagle Receives Clinical Research Award Dr. Jay Hoofnagle, director of the Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition and senior investigator in the liver disease section of NIDDK recently received the Miles Ficerman/ The NIH Record Hugh R. Butt Award for Clinical Research in Published biweekly at Bethesda, Md., by the Editorial Hepacology/Nucririon from the American Operations Branch, Division of Public Information, for Gascroenterological Association Awards the information of employees of the National lnstiturcs of Foundation. He was presented the award ar a Healrh, Department of He-dlth and Human Services, and ceremony during the annual Digestive Diseases circulated to noncmployees by subscription only through the Governmenr Printing Office. The content is rcprintable Week in Boston. The award comes with a without permission. Pictures may be available on request. $25,000 stipend co support the laboratory Use of funds fo r printing this periodical has been approved research of rhe honoree. by ,he direcror of rhe Office ofManagcmcnr and Budget Established in 1991, che Miles Fiterman/ through September 30, 1993. Hugh R. Butt Award honors outstanding NIH Record Office Correspondents: research in hepacology and nutrition. Bldg. 3 1, Room 28-03 CC , Sara Byacs Hoofnagle was recognized for his work on Phone 62 125 DCRT, Anne P. Enright Fax 21485 chronic viral hepatitis. DRG, Andrea Taylor "lc's very gratifying to have your peers Dr. Jay Hoofoagle Editor FIC, Jim Bryant NCI, Patricia A. Newman recogni.ze your life's work," said Hoofnagle. Richard McManus research in immunologically mediated diseases NCHGR, Leslie Fink His early accomplishments include developing such as primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing NCRR, Kathleen Canavan antibody rests for hepatitis B. Later, as senior cholangitis, and autoimmune chronic active Assistant Editor NEI, Linda Huss investigator in the liver diseases section of hepatitis. These investigations deal largely with Anne Barber NHLBI, Louise Williams NlDDK, he characterized the natural history the immune mechanisms and the alteration of NIA, Vicky Cahan NIAAA, Ann M. Bradley and character of chronic hepatitis Band non-A, immunologic fearures with immunodulatory Associate Editor NIAID. Jame.~ Hadley non-B hepatitis. He was the first to report the therapies. Carla Garne11 N!AMS, Amy Iadarola beneficial effects of alpha interferon in chronic A graduate of Yale Medical School, Hoofnagle NICHD, Carol Florance non-A, non-B hepatitis. He further clarified came to NIH after a year of residency in NIDA, Karen Rogich the virologic and immunologic mechanisms of internal medicine at the University of Virginia NIDCD, Gail Blau liver injury in hepatitis B and studied the role of Hospital in Charlottesville. Lacer, he continued NIDDK, Eileen Corrigan this infection in the etiology of cancer. He clinical training at the Veterans Administration NIDR, Mary Daum identified the IgM core antibody and has done Hospital in Washington, D.C. H e rerurned to NIEHS, Hugh J. u:e NI GMS, Wanda Warddell numerous studies on various serologic markers NIH in 1978. Thr N IH Rrcord fC'SC'rvu ,he right NIMH, Marilyn Weeks of hepatitis Band the molecular biology of Before accepting his current position, 10 mike:" conC'ccion.s. c-h,mga, or NINOS, Shannon Garnett hepatitis B. ddciion:s in $ubmiuoec:I ropy in Hoofnagle served for 2 years as NIDDK clinical confo rmity wi1h the- policies of 1hC' NINR, Marianne Duffy Ocher studies led by Hoofnagle include director. 0 paper and HHS. NLM, Roger L. Gilkcson The Record page 3 August I 7, 1993

New Study Ties Behavioral Disorder to Genetic Defect Women's Equality Day, Sept. 2 The advisory commircee for women, through IH scientists have now pinpointed a development and result in behavioral abnor- the Office of Equal Opportunity (OEO), will N specific gene defect associated with a malities," said Weintraub. sponsor an observance of Women's Equality human behavioral disorder. Attention deficit Although investigators do not know how Day on Thursday, Sept. 2, from 11 :30 a.m. co hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is strongly often thyroid abnormalities contribute to 1:30 p.m. in Masur Auditorium, Bldg. 10. associated with a gene coding for a defective ADHD, they believe it is relatively uncommon. Women's Equality Day is observed co mark the thyroid hormone receptor in a select group of To determine the prevalence of thyroid passage of che 19th amendment to rhe Consri- patients, the investigators reported in a recent hormone resistance in the general population, rution, which gave women che right co vote. issue of the New England journal ofMedicine. Hauser and Weintraub are currently collaborat- The program will feature a reading of the play They found a strong association between ing with the newborn screening program of the A Stampede ofZebras, written by NIDDK ADHD and generalized resistance ro thyroid Wadsworth Center for Liboratories and senior staff scientist Dr. Robert G. Marrin. The hormone, which previous studies have shown is Research of the New York scare department of title comes from rhe medical saw, "If you hear firmly linked to mutations in a gene coding for health to identify infants with generalized che sound of hoofbeats, don't look for zebras." the thyroid hormone receptor. resistance to thyroid hormone. Such screening The play addresses issues of sexism, racism, and "Finding the genetic basis for ADH D in would allow early, prompt intervention co biomedical ethics, and provides an entertaining children with generalized resistance co thyroid prevent or reduce the severity ofADHD.- means of increasing sensirivicy ro these issues at hormone can eventually help us understand Mark T. Sampson O NIH. attention deficit," said lead investigator Dr. Attention Commissioned Officers The play has been incorporated into the Peter Hauser, a guest researcher with NIDDK's As of the end of May, 338 officers had not yet bioethics curricula of more than a dozen Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Branch. submitted the Assignment Preference, Phone universities. Ir has also been presenced in a "Knowing what is genetically and biochemically Listing and Experience System (APPLES) number of cities in the United States as well as wrong enables us to design better treatments." survey. This document was sent to all officers abroad. in December 1992, and should be completed Sign language interpretation will be provided. This study raises the possibility that and submitted to the Division of Comm is- For more information and reasonable accom- genetic factors thought to underlie sioned Personnel as soon as possible. 0 modation, contact the OEO, 6630 l. 0 other behavioral disorders will even­ NIH Blacks in Government Chapter Presents Five Awards tually be found. The NIH chapter of Blacks in Government business utilization specialist, received an MLK recently presented awards co five outstanding Help Somebody Award "for outstanding service "This srudy raises che possibility that generic individuals. Vincent A. Thomas, BIG presi­ co fellow workers, and commitment to the factors thought co underlie ocher behavioral dent, presided over the ceremony and lauded principles of equality." disorders will eventually be found," added study the recipients. Receiving the same honor was Kimberly coauthor Dr. Bruce Weintraub, branch chief. The Outstanding Manager Award was Hardy, secretary, MEDLARS management at Although it occurs in adults, ADHD is most presented co Dr. Ron G. King, senior staff NLM, "for unselfish giving of time and effort to commonly diagnosed in children, affecting fellow, NINOS. He was recognized "for benefit rhe less forcunare." about 4 percent of rhe school-age population. outstanding service to science and the training Shirl Brinson, OD purchase agent, was The disorder, which is characterized by of youth." presented with che Chapter Involvement Awa.rd impulsivicy, resdessness, and discraccibilicy, is The NIH Career Milestone Recognition "for an outstanding record of service and believed co put children at increased risk for Award was presented to J. Harrison Ager, commitment to BIG, NIH Chapter." school and behavioral problems. minority program manager, NlDDK, "for The awards ceremony featured Doris The genetic association was made when outstanding contributions to research and EEO McMillon, veteran journalist and newscaster as investigators compared 49 patients with initiatives." moderator and award presenter. Earl Simmons generalized resistance co thyroid hormone and Gladys Whitted, OD small and disadvantaged ofNLM entertained with vocal selections. 55 relatives without the condition. Fifcy-rwo were adults and 52 were children. Seventy percent of the children and 50 percent of the adults with thyroid hormone resistance also had ADHD, as determined by structured psychiatric interviews. By contrast, 20 percent of the children and 7 percent of che adults wichouc thyroid hormone resistance had ADHD. The study should promote a wider under­ standing of arcencion deficit, according co study coauthor Or. Alan J. Zameckin, senior staff psychiatrist with NIMH's section on clinical brain-imaging. "It's not bad parenting, overcrowded schools, or unmorivaced kids. ADHD is a neuropsychiatric problem based on brain physiology," he said. The invesrigacors caution char rhe exact cause of ADHO remains unknown, but rhe disorder may result from a combination of facrors. "Thyroid hormone is essential to normal brain Taking part in BIG's awards ceremony were (seated, from I) Doris McMillon, journalist and program development. There are several ways that faulty speaker; Vincent Thomas, BIG president; (standing, from l) awardees Dr. Ron G. King, Kimberly thyroid hormone receptors could affect chac Hardy, jalil Mutakabbir (accepting for Gladys Whitted), Shirl Brinson, and j. Harrison Ager. The Record page 4 August 17, 1993

MARROW UNIT (Continued from Page 1) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute In his remarks at che opening ceremony, Dr. Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit John Barren, chief of the Intramural Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, said, "Two imporcanr issues confronr marrow transplanta­ tion today. First, the correction of certain inherited blood disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, presents a challenge. New technologies will soon enable us co correct some of these diseases by gene therapy. Our unit in the heart of che scientific powerhouse of the National Institutes of Health could not be beccer placed for chis purpose. "Secondly, bone marrow cransplancacion, which is the only means of cure for some leukemias, often results in graft-versus-host NHLBI director Dr. Claude Lenfant (r) praises Rep. C. W Bill Young (R-Fla.) for his rnpport for disease, even in carefully matched donor­ NHLBJ's new bone marrow transplantation unit in the Clinical Center. recipienr pairs. We will use new approaches co alter the donated marrow so chat ir does not Among the many special features designed co including the creation of chis unit, without accack che patient's healchy tissues and has an protect the highly vulnerable bone marrow Congressman Young's srrong interest in and even stronger ability co fight the patient's transplanc patients from infection are a separate support for bone marrow transplantation," disease." highly filtered, softened water system circulat­ Lenfant said. Under a just-approved protocol, che first ing through W lights for sterilization. The Young participated in che ribbon-cuccing, cransplanr has been scheduled for Sept. 13. The unit also contains two air handling units with along with D r. Edward Korn, director of pacienr, a man in his forties with chronic high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters­ N HLBI's Division of Intramural Research; Dr. myelogenous leukemia, will receive transplanted one co serve as a backup system and a second in Saul W. Rosen, acting CC director; and marrow from which T -lymphocytes have been each patient room. Lenfanc. removed. He will subsequently receive transfu-. At the ceremony, Lenfant thanked the many Ocher contributors cited were Dr. Neal sions of donor lymphocytes which, it is hypoth­ devoted individuals who contributed to the Young, chief ofNHLBI's Clinical Hematology esized, will provide a graft-versus-leukemia creation of the new facility. He singled our Branch, and Hillel Soclof, senior administrative effect while minimizi ng the risk of graft-versus­ Rep. C.W. Bill Young (R-Fla.) for special officer for NHLBI's Division of Intramural host disease. praise, attributing co him the success of the Research, who served as overall project coordi­ The 4-bed bone marrow transplantation unic, National Marrow Donor Program and the nator and who was presented a special plaque along with a 12-bed hematology unit and "blossoming of bone marrow transplantation in in recognition of his efforts. 0 support services, occupies 12,350 square feet. this country. Nothing would have happened,

Marcus Fuhrer Heads NICHD's Center for Rehabilitation Research

r. Marcus J. Fuhrer has been selected as Research, the National Council on the D is­ D the first director of the National Center abled, and NIMH. for Medical Rehabilitation Research at A graduate of che University of Oklahoma, NICHD. Fuhrer received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology He is known internationally for his work in from the University of Illinois, completed an medical rehabilitation research, particularly in internship in clinical psychology at the VA che areas of rehabilitation outcomes and the Hospital in Palo Alto, Calif., and held a lifelong adjustment to spinal cord injury. His postdoctoral research fellowship at che Cardio­ major research interests include rehabilitation vascular Research lnscicuce, University of outcomes research; determinants of the California Medical Center in San Francisco. subjective well-being of persons with disabili­ As director of the National Center for ties, and defining and measuring "indepen­ Medical Rehabilitation Research, he will direcr dence" for persons with chronic physical and coordinate a $10 million national program impairments. He is also interested in the of training and research support designed to functional organization and plasticity of improve the functional capabilities of individu­ somatic and autonomic reflexes following spinal als with impairment due to injury, disease, cord injury. He is a former granree of the Dr. Marcus Fuhrer disorder or birch defect. National lnscicucc of Disability and Rehabilita­ The center was escablished by legislation in tion Research, NIMH, N INOS, and the president for research at the Institute for November 1990 and has operated since chat National Science Foundation. Rehabilitation and Research in Houston since rime under the leadership of an acting director, Fuhrer comes co NIH from Baylor College of 1968. Dr. Duane Alexander, director ofNICHD. Medicine, where he had been a professor in the He also has served as consultant to several Since its establishment, the center has initiated department of physical medicine and rehabilita­ federal agencies, including che Department of a research training support program to augment tion, department of psychiatry and behavioral Veterans Affairs, che Centers for Disease the number of researchers working in the field sciences since 1973. He had been affiliated Control and Prevention, FDA, the National of medical rehabilitation. T his past fall, the with Baylor since 1963 and had been vice Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation center awarded its first research grants. 0 The Record page 5 August 17, l 993

SKIN DISEASES (Continued from Page 1) said Dr. Lawn:nct: E. Shulman, NIAMS director. ''This workshop represents a new effort co review and consider population studies chat will determine who gees which skin disorders and what rhe risk factors are, and define ocher important variables." The group identified specific problems concerning epidemiologic studies of skin disease. For instance, the prevalence of skin diseases based on case studies is difficult co assess Participants in the workshop on the epidemiology ofskin diseases convened at NIH to review the status of because only a select population makes it to che epidemiologic research on skin diseases and to identify areas for farther research. dermarologisc. Many people wich a skin disease will first consult a pharmacist, then a nurse or grearly from the electrocardiogram and other of the diseases studied," srud Friedman. primary care physician. Finally, if the condition techniques," said Friedman. Generic studies might help in understanrung is persistent, a dermatologist will be consulted. As an example, Dr. Jean-Claude Roujeau of certain diseases, such as nonmelanoma skin "Therefore, che specialise sees patients with Universitaire Henri Mondor in France de­ cancers, psoriasis, and some forms of chronic, treatment-resistant skin diseases," said scribed che difficulry in diagnosing toxic ichthyosis. To determine the relationship Dr. Zena Stein of New York Scace Psychiauic epidermal necrolysis, a rare skjn disease. le is between sun exposure and basal and squamous lnsricure. Financial constraints and referral difficult to distinguish from other skin diseases, cell carcinomas, Dr. Paul Strickland ofJohns procedures may also bar some of the population such as bullous erythema mulriforme and Hopkins University has been studying from a dermatology consult, she said. As a Stevens-Johnson syndrome. watermen of the Chesapeake Bay. result, some epidemiologic studies do nor Dr. Kayvon Safavi of Sr. Luke's Medical Generally, che prevalence of nonmelanoma account for important populations with skin Center in Milwaukee cited the first National skin cancers among watermen increased as both diseases. This impairs dara collection and skews Health and Nutrition Examination Survey the time and intemiry of sun exposure in­ results. (NHANES-1) as another ex.ample of lack of creased. A subset of watermen developed an Many of the presenters at che workshop cited diagnostic uniformity. unusually high number of lesions (5 or more); a dearth of epidemiologic research on skin The NHANES-I was a broad survey of yet no data suggesting a predisposition to diseases. 20,000 Americans carried out in the early nonmelanoma cancer were found. Strickland "Mose epidemiologists work on more com­ 1970's by the National Center for Health suggested char DNA repair studies, which mon and serious diseases char have captured the Statistics. The survey employed more than 100 a.ttempt to locate a defect in the mechanism public interest," said Dr. Gary Friedman of dermatologists as examiners, many of whom chat repairs sun damage, might shed light on Kaiser Permanente in California. T he relatively were still in training. Moreover, uniform chis enigma. low mortality rare of most skin diseases is partly diagnostic criteria for specific skjn diseases were Knowledge of psoriasis, too, might benefit responsible for lack of epidemiologic interesr in not available. Examiners at various sites ranged from genetic studies. Studies of identical twins indicate char, if one twin has psoriasis, the ''Nonmelanoma skin cancers are viewed as orphan diseases, though these second twin will not necessarily be affiicted. "Ir's predicted then char at lease one-third of all cancers affect approximately halfa million Americans each year. " patients who are generically equipped to have psoriasis never develop the disease," said this area. "Nonmelanoma skin cancers are from finding 90 percent co zero percent of rhe Krueger of the University of Utah Hospital. viewed as orphan diseases, though rhese cancers subjects surveyed as having a skin disease. Dr. J.T. Elder of the University of Michigan is affect approximarely half a million Americans Another problem identified by che partici­ pursuing generic linkage analysis studies on each year," said Dr. Robert Stern of Harvard pants was chat similar studies sometimes report psoriasis in attempt co unravel chis mystery. Medical School. contradictory findings. For instance, results Dr. Sherri Bale of the genetic studies secrion In California, Koo is attempting to measure from studies on chronic ulcers range from ac NIAMS is performing genetic linkage studies psychological ways in which psoriasis imprurs finding chat all patients with chronic ulcers heal co locate the gene for another puzzling skin quality of life among those who have it. to finding that few or no patients heal, said Dr. disorder, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, a form Researchers believe chat skin diseases should Vincent Falanga of the University of Miami. of ichthyosis. She encouraged epidemiologiscs receive che attention char reflects their eco­ Similarly, Dr. Gerald Krueger of the University co engage in generic epidemiology to answer nomic and psychosocial burden. of Utah pointed our discrepancies in dara on questions regarding diseases char seem to Another problem encountered in epidemio­ psoriasis prevalence. cluster in families. "Epidemiologists must logic studies of skin diseases is lack of unifor­ Throughout the workshop, recommendations modify their standard methods and use ocher mity in diagnostic (classification) criteria. A were made for future research directions. One specialized statistical-generic tools in carrying common mych char prevails among che suggestion was that dermatologists be a source out these studies," she said. 0 scientific communiry is that skin diseases are of epidemiologic information. Dermatologists easier to identify than ocher diseases because need to know how to develop formal epidemio­ Rogers Family Expresses Thanks they are readily visible. However, many skin logic studies, and there is a need for more diseases are similar in appearance. Thus, collaborative efforts benveen epidemiologists The family of George Rogers, Bldg. 31 's blind distinguishing one skin disease from another is and dermatologists. stand manager who died recently, wishes to not as simple as it may seem. "Dermatologists participating in these efforcs thank everyone for the many cards and foods "Dermatology does not have specific rests for should become familiar with epidemiologic received and also for che donations made to the many conditions, in contrast to, say, coronary methods just as epidemiologists should become Children's Inn in his memory. 0 heart disease, the studies of which benefir familiar with the biological and clinical aspects The Record page 6 Augusr 17, l 993

VARMUS graduate of Amherst College (B.A. 1961), NIDDK's R. Daniel Camerini-Otero (Continued from Page 1) where he majored in English literature and Awarded 1993 Aurbach Lectureship tumors in mice. His research activities are edited che school newspaper; Harvard Univer­ currently supported by grants from NIH, sity (M.A. in English literature, 1962); and Dr. R. Daniel Camerini-Orero has been including an Oucscanding Investigator Grant Columbia University (M.D. 1966). While in awarded che I 993 Gerald D. Aurbach Leccure­ from NCI, an NIAID grant for AIDS drug medical school, he worked for 3 months ac a ship by rhe Endocrine Society in recognition of discovery, and an NIGMS granc for studies of mission hospital in northern India. his oucsranding contributions to basic research. scructural biology in AIDS; by his professorship After an internship and residency in internal He was presented with the award ar che from the American Cancer Sociecy; and by the medicine at Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital in society's 75th annual meeting, held in Las Melanie Bronfman Award for Breasc Cancer. New York, he served as a clinical associate for 2 Vegas. Afterward, he delivered the honorary Varmus is chairman of the board on biology years (1968- 1970) ac the National Insrirure of lecture citied "Homologous Recombination, for che National Research Council, an advisor Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, where he did Recombination Proteins, and DNA Triplexes." co rhe Congressional Caucus for Biomedical his first scientific work in rhe area of bacterial Camerini-Ocero, chief ofNIDDK's Genetics Research, a member of the joint steering generics with Dr. Ira Pasran, who is now chief and Biochemistry Branch, is recognized committee for public policy of biomedical of NCI's Laboratory of Molecular Biology. inrernarionally for his pioneering and innova­ societies, and cochairman of rhe New Delega­ Varmus came ro UCSF as a postdoctoral tive research on the mechanisms of DNA rion for 13iomedical Research, a coalition of fellow in Bishop's laboratory in 1970, iniciaring recombination, work char is expected co leaders in che biomedical community. He a longstanding collaboration to srudy tumor facilitate gene therapy and revolutionize che directed "Winding Your Way Through DNA," viruses, and was appointed co che faculty lacer treatment of human diseases. a popular public symposium on recombinant char year. He became a full professor in 1979 Several years ago, he and his coworkers began DNA staged by UCSF lase fall. and an American Cancer Sociery research to explore the previously obscure field of the The author or editor of four books and nearly professor i.n 1984. biochemistry of homologous recombinacion in 300 scientific papers, Varmus has been elected Varmus, who is expected co arrive ar NIH mammalian cells. This effort resulted in rhe co rhe Institute of Medicine, rhe National around Sept. l, is married to Constance Casey, discovery of a protein involved in human DNA Academy of Sciences, and the American a book critic with the Washington Post. They recombination. Academy of Arcs and Sciences. His most recent have cwo sons- Jacob, who studies music and More recently, rhe researchers gained further book, Genes and the Biology ofCancer, incended poerry ac the University of Iowa, and Christo­ insight inco rhe process of DNA recombination for a general audience, was coauthored with pher, who attends high school. His sister, Ellen when they discovered that the recombinase Robert Weinberg for rhe Scientific American Bloch, is a generics counselor ar Oakland procein was involved in the formation of a Library. He is an editor of several professional Children's Hospital. 0 triple-stranded DNA intermediate. This so-called triplex DNA represents a journals, and has served on a variety of review FIC Hosts 3-Day Amebae Conference and advisory boards for government, biotech­ promising tool for che development of "molecu­ An incernarional conference on "Host-Parasite nology firms, and pharmaceutical companies. lar scissors" to cleave genes in a precise manner, Relationships in Amebiasis," sponsored by the Most recently, he was a member of rhe IOM a boon for genome-mappers. Ocher research Fogarty Inrernarional Center, will be held in committee chat advised rhe Department of suggests that triplex-DNA may block transcrip­ rhe Lister Hill Auditorium Sepr. 8-10. Scien­ Defense on rhe use of $210 million allocated by tion at defective gene sires, which may offer a tists from 11 councries will discuss recent Congress last year for breast cancer research. In new strategy for combating viruses such as advances in research on pathogenic and 1986, he chaired the subcommittee of the HIV, which causes AIDS. nonpachogenic amebae, basic Entamoeba International Committee o n the Taxonomy of As both a clinical geneticist and molecular biology, ecology of the incescine, human Viruses char gave rhe AIDS virus irs name HIV. biologist, Camerini-Otero is broadly trained in immune response to Entamoeba infection, Varmus was born Dec. 18, 1939, in several disciplines. He received his bachelor's antigens and virulence factors, and progress in Oceanside, N.Y., and attended public schools degree in 1966 at rhe Massachusecrs Insticuce of Entamoeba histolytica vaccine development. in Freeport, Long Island, N.Y.; his father Frank Technology. He compleced a joint M.D.­ For more information, call Sheila Feldman, practiced family medicine, and his mother Ph.D. program in 1973 at New York University 64161. 0 Beatrice was a psychiatric social worker. He is a School of Medicine. The following year he served as a resident in pediatrics ar Bellevue NIDCD Advisory Council Gains Four New Members Hospital in New York Cicy. Four new members were recently appoinred Camerini-Otero came to NIH in 1974 as a to rhe Nacional Deafness and Ocher Commu­ research associate in rhe physical chemistry nication Disorders Advisory Council-Dr. section of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Thomas J. Hixon, Dr. Adela de la Torre, Dr. He served as senior investigator in rhe human Robert Marhog and Louise Fletcher. biochemical generics seccion of che Arthricis and Hixon is a professor in che department of Rheumatism Branch from 1979 to 1982. speech and hearing sciences and director of In I 982, he was promoted co chief of rhe rhe Institute for Neurogenic Communication molecular generics section in the Generics and Disorders at rhe University of Arizona in New members ofthe NIDCD advisory council Biochemistry Branch, becoming branch chief2 Tucson, one of the National Multipurpose join institute director Dr. James B. Snow, Jr. years later. Research and Training Cencers supported by (second from I). They are (from I} Dr. Thomas J. Camerini-Otero is che first recipient of the NIDCD. Hixon, Dr. Adela de la Torre and Dr. Robert Aurbach Lectureship Award, named in honor of De la Torre, an economise, is an associate Mathog. Not shown is actress Louise Fletcher. the lace Gerald D . Aurbach, a distinguished professor in the health care adminisrracion endocrinologist and longtime chief of program at California Stare University in Fletcher, a professional actress, has appeared NIDDK's Metabolic Diseases Branch. Long Beach. in plays and movies. Her facher was a In addition to their friendship and careers as Mathog is professor and chairman of the missionary in a hearing-impaired community intramural scientists, Camerini-Orero and department of ocolaryngology at Wayne Scace and her mother is hearing impaired and was a Aurbach shared a mutual interest in generic reacher of hearing-impaired studencs. University in Detroit. diseases and a talent for scientific innovation. 0 The Record page 7 August 17, 1993

Clinical Center's 40th Highlighted by Alumni, Nobelists

Cutting the Clinical Center's birthday cake during 40th anniver,ary celebrations last month were Dr. Saul Ro,en (I), CC acting director, and Dr. Roy Hertz. Hertz, NJCHD scienti,t emeritw, admitted the first patient to the CC on July 6, ,l 1953. "There were more doctors than patients Among ,pecial guests during the anniversary celebrations /a,r month were Nobel Prize recipients (from 1) when the Clinical Center started otlt, "he says. Dr. D. Carleton Gajdusek, Dr. Marshall Nirenberg, and Dr. Christian B. Anfinsen. A series of programs marking the 40th anniversary focused on NIH intramural clinical research.

Nobelist Dr. Julius Axelrod talks about his work 10 those attending a reception commemorating the anniversary. He describes his years at NIH as «the Dr. Henry Masur, chiefof the Clinical Center's critical care medicine department, unveils the portrait of right place for me. They told me, Julie, [you} can his father. Dr. Jack Masur served as CC director from I 948 to 1951, and from 1956 until his death in d.o anything you please, as long as it's important 1969. Portraits ofall the CC directors, painted by Al Laoang ofNCRR, were unveiled during the and original. ' " anniversary and now hang in Lipsetr Amphitheater. Photos: Bill Branson NCI Holds Workshop on Cancer Cells NIGMS Grantees Capecchi, Smithies Honored A 2-day workshop will be held on Dr. Mario Capecchi, a professor of human genetics and biology at the University of Utah "Xenogenizacion of the Cancer Cells: From School of Medicine in Salt Lake City, and Dr. Oliver Smithies, the Excellence professor of Basics co the Clinic" on Sept. 13-14 at the NCI pathology at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, are among rhe recipients of the Frederick Cancer Research and Development Gairdner Foundation lmernational Award. Capecchi and Smithies are being recognized for their Center. The workshop is being sponsored by research on gene targeting, particularly their development of a method co "knock out" specific NCl's Biological Response Modifiers Program genes. They will each receive a $30,000 prize at a ceremony at the University of Toronto in in cooperation with Dr. Jacob Hockman, October. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. For more Since the Gairdner Foundation began giving awards in 1957, 40 of the 230 recipients have information call Margaret Fanning, (301) 846- subsequently won a Nobel Prize. 5865 or fax (301) 846-5866. 0 Capecchi earned a Ph.D. in biophysics from Harvard University and Smithies earned a D.Phil. in biochemistry from Oxford University in England. The Record page 8 Augus, 17, 1993

French Scientist Guy de The Marks 30 Years with NIH By Jim Bryant

Dr. G uy de The, research director of France's were shown co contain chemical carcinogens, Narional Center for Sciencific Research genotoxins and faccors activating critical EBY (CNRS) and professor at the Pasteur Insriture, genes, controlling latency and EBY replication. recently celebrated 30 years of whar has been a Since 1983, de The has been engaged in a murually fruitful scientific collaboration with new venture-studying the relationship NIH. berween HTLV-1 and neurological diseases. In A recent Fogarty scholar-in-residence, he 1985, while studying the epidemiology and arrived at N IH in April 1963 co work with Dr. pathogenesis of HTLY-1 infection in the Dick Rauscher in NCJ's Laborarory of Viral French West Indies, he observed an association Oncology. The young de T he had spent the berween HTLY-1 and an endemic preceding 2 years ar Duke Universiry, working neuromyelopathy, tropical spastic paraparesis. wirh Dr. J.W. Beard on viral oncology. For rhe This importanc discovery brought about a nexr 3 years following his arrival ar NIH, he Recalling their Longtime coLLaboration, which has strong revival in neurovirology, especially in worked on electron microscopy of o ncogenic covered many natiom in the developing world, are research on multiple sclerosis. retroviruses in NCI. (from l} Dr. Robert Gailo ofNCI, Dr. Guy de De The received a second NC I contract, co He was working in the Molecular Virology The ofthe Pasteur Institute and Fogarty schoiar­ work on retroviruses in Africa, when he was a Laborarory in rhe Clinical Center in 1965 when in-residence, and Dr. Wi/Liam Blattner ofNCI. visiting professor at the Harvard School of Dr. Robert Gallo joined the NC] sraff. There Public Health between 1986 and 1989. began a lifelong friendship and fruirful scientific Amin Dada. le was highly significant, however, De The was nominated in 1990 co be a collaboration. because it provided the first epidemiological Fogarty scholar-in-residence by G allo and Dr. "He was chis bright young clinician," de The evidence of a virus being causally involved in William Blattner, chief ofNCI's viral epidemi­ said of Gallo. "Very American and also very the development of a human tumor. ology section. AJchough de The was unable to Italian. We got along immediately." In che other prominent venture, de The and come to NIH until last year, he now spends 3 De T he called Gallo's Laboratory of Tumor his lARC team developed an extensive network to 4 months a year here during his 12-month­ Cell Biology "a melting pot for scientists from of field and laboratory studies on NPC-also lo ng scholarship. around the world," and said chat in the lase l 0 supported by NCI through serological, clinical 'Tm very busy running my lab at Pasteur," he years rwo scientists from his laboratory have and molecular studies in Hong Kong, Tunisia explains, "but I spend a foe of rime in berween come here to work with Gallo's team. and France-and demonstrated a close associa­ my scholarship terms preparing for the time Despite Gallo's highly publicized disagree­ tion berween EBY and this carcinoma. when I will be back at NIH. I'm deeply ment with D r. Luc Moncagnier, another When he rejoined CNRS as research director graceful ro NIH. For 30 years I have had such Pasreur scientist, over who firsr identified the at Lyon University in 1979, de The pursued his good relationships with so many people here. I AJDS virus, de The never lee the dispute studies on NPC in North Africa and China. feel that I'm pare of che family." 0 interfere with his friendship and collaboration He and Prof. Zeng Yi showed the usefulness for with Gallo. "That doesn't affect our friendship NPC control of detecting lgA antibodies to at all," de The commented. "We should leave certain antigens for early detection of the tumor the disagreements co the lawyers, and we and in determining precancerous conditions in scientists should continue ro work rogecher." asympromatic individuals. Following his first 2-year joint venture wich De The's basic work on nasopharyngeal NIH, de The returned co CNRS's Cancer carcinoma prompted che Chinese co use a single Research Institute, where he was asked to antibody blood rest co detect chis cancer at a implement a program on the role of viruses in very early stage and then treat it successfully human tumors ac che International Agency for with radiotherapy. Research on Cancer (!ARC), newly created by "As a result of our work, victims of this che World Health Organization, in Lyon. disease went from an 80 percent fatality race co Within 3 years, he had developed an African a 70 percent cure rate!" he explains proudly. and Southeast Asian necwork of field and He attributes che turnaround in part to the laboratory scudies on Epstein-Barr virus (EBY) Chinese approach to medicine, which stresses and its associated malignancies, Burkitt's prevention above all. Dr. Kenneth Olden, NIEHS director, recently lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma In recent years, he has explored the role of delivered the commencement address to 39 Ph.D. (NPC). environmental cofactors which, with the and master's degree recipient;, their faculty and T wo world-renowned projects were conceived ubiquitous EBY, may play an etiological role in gums at the Univmity o/Texas Health Sciences and carried out by de The between 1970 and NPC. He called on an anthropologist, A. Center in San Antonio. In his speech, he told the 1979: The first was the Ugandan Burkicc's Hubert, to study the lifestyles of specific biomedical science andpharmacy education Lymphoma Prospective Study, involving popularions at risk for the disease-namely, the graduates that new opportunities presented by 42,000 children from newborns co 5 years old, Cantonese Chinese, the Maghrebian Arabs, and modern biology place a responsibility on new bled once and followed for 8 years. The results the Greenland Eskimos. graduates to asmre that good science is used as a showed that in certain pares of Equatorial These studies showed chat preserved foods basis for good decisions in environmental regula­ Africa, infection very early in life by EBV was frequcncly consumed by the three populations tions and in public and individual health etiologically related to che 8-cell lymphoma could contain chemical carcinogens char decisions. ''.As health professionals, we must developing in children 5 to 9 years later. activate EBY latency. This led de T he to join educate the general public, the clinical community Supported financially by NCl's Virus Cancer Dr. Helmut Bartsch of lARC to study chemi­ and elected representatives in issues ofenviron ­ Program, the study was carried out with great cal-viral cocarcinogenesis. T his parrnersltip mental health as a basis for responsible decisions, " difficulcy as Uganda was then ruled by Idi paid off, as food e,maccs from all three areas he said. The Record page 9 August 17, 1993

Same Job, Same Office for 19 Years Carl Fretts Retires as Director of NIH's Contracts, Grants Division By Anne Barber Carl Fretts, director of OD's Division of beautifully. They really are indispensable, Contracts and Granes, has been in the same job responsible, hard-working employees and real and in the same office for 19 years. "This is friends." probably some kind of a record," he says. Hopkins, the secretary who has been with him "Once they got me in, they couldn't gee me the longest (14 years), had chis co say about out.,, Frens: "He is rhe best boss I have ever had. He Frens, who retired recenrly wich 35 years of is organized, meets deadlines, and is not a last­ government service, came m NIH in 1965. He minute person. It certainly makes my job a Joe worked fim for Dr. Gordon Zubrod, NCI's easier." scientific director for chemotherapy, as special A recipient of many awards, including the assistant for business administration. Jc was DHHS Departmental Management Award in while working in NCI that he mer De. Jesse 1987 and the NIH Director's Award in 1971, Steinfeld, who lacer became surgeon general. Ac Frerrs most prizes the special award he received Sreinfeld's invitation, Freccs served as executive for his work in equal employment opporruniry. officer for che Public Health Service from 1970 Frens lives in Arlingron, Va., in a house to 1972. From PHS he moved over co the directly across the street from the house in National Science Foundation (NSF), where he which his wife was raised. In face, his oldest started a contract and business management Carl Fretts son was delivered on che same day of rhe office. month, by the same doctor, who had delivered He was at NSF less than a year when former he says, "ic has been a superb working relation­ his wife 25 years earlier. That son is now a President Nixon launched a "war on cancer" ship. I have the highest regard and respect for technical director for a theatre company in with increased funding. "I wanted to come all of them." Virginia. He also has a daughter and another back co cancer and be involved with all rhe Frens said chat even though he was an son. The daughter works for the Franklin exciting new activity," said Frens. "I was very adminiscraror and not a scientist, he nonetheless Science Museum in Philadelphia and his fortunate co be able co come back as chief of the felt he was helping the scientists meet their youngest son is a writer for Entertainment Research Contracts Branch." He headed the goals and NIH accomplish its mission. Weekly magazine in New York. branch until August 1974, when he cook over "I have always been proud to say I work for Frens plans co stay in the Washington area his position as director, Division of Contracts NIH because of its important mission, high because it has a lot to offer and is relatively close and Granes. caliber of people, and college campus atmo­ co all his children. "Just a hop, skip, and jump Even chis job was fairly new when he cook sphere." co visit any of chem," he says. over 19 years ago. The office had been opera­ Prior to joining NIH in 1965, Freccs had Abouc retirement: "I don't want to com­ tional for 2 years with one director-Alex worked for Ford Motor Co., RCA, NASA and pletely leave the contracting field. I would like SmaHberg. "Treplac ed him and found a home. the Smithsonian I nscitution. "I've had a fairly to keep my hand in it for awhile and do some "Contracting here ar NIH is highly decencral­ good number of jobs," he says. "I lefr NIH for consulting. Bur for now, I am going to do iz.ed," he explains. "Many ICDs have their a couple of years in 1970 and '71 and missed it some traveling before settling down to work. own contract personnel. My office provides so much I came back. One of che things I will not miss is getting up at policy, procedures and oversight operations for "My experience here ac NIH has been all 5:15 a.m. on Wednesdays ro make che extramu­ all ICD offices and the Division of Procure­ positive. I couldn't have worked in a better ral program's management execurive committee ment." place. I thoroughly enjoyed the work and the meeting held early every Wednesday morning." One of che first things Frens did when he people I work wich. You can label me a A certified public accountant with a specialty cook over the contracts office was co establish a satisfied employee of the NIH." in contracts, Frem received his B.S. in accounc­ contract management advisory committee. He Continuing wirh praise, Freccs said, "I ing from che U niversicy of Maryland in 1958 considers chis group ro be the "board of certainly wane co express thanks ro our secretar­ after having co cake 2 years out of his study to directors." Continuing, he says, "You don't ies-Beery Hopkins and Dorrie Gottlieb. They serve in che armed forces as a tank commander develop procedures in a vacuum. The people wind me up every morning and point me in the during the Korean War. D involved need co have input. This is che key to right direction and rake care of this office so success in any operation. Before a decision is made, che people who have to implement it should have full opportunity co review and make sure the decision fits che work. You need ro know what the effect will be on the people in che front lines before you case in concrete, not afterwards. This approach is not unique co our division. NIH overall does a good job in this area. Ir is one ofNIH's strengths-make sure che implementers have input at an early stage." Even though Frens was at NIH more than 25 years, he says, "I've been very fortunate to have The ADPIEP coordination committee presented awards to members ofthe NIH ADP community for had only four bosses during all chose years­ outstanding service recently. Pictured below with Dr. Doris Wallace (second from I); ADP chairperson, Zubrod; and three associate directors for are {from L) Dr. John James, DRG; Leslie Barden, DCRT; Michelle Ugas, DCRT; Anne Robertson, administration- Leon Schwaru, Cal Baldwin NIDDK; Katherine Landre, DRG; Jim Cain, DRG; Margaret Costello, DRG; and Dr. Robert and Jack Mahoney. From my point of view," Goldschmidt; DRG. Not present are Jim Lowrie and Sherry Zucker from DRG. The Record page 10 August 17, 1993

The NIH Life Sciences Education Connection Happy with NIH Travel Services?

~ The National Institute of Meneal required. Contact NIMH's Science Educa­ Travel managemenr services for NIH employ­ Health will conduct a I-day seminar for K- tion Program, 31639, to register or for more ees and pariencs are currenrly provided through 12 science teachers on Sept. 30 co increase information. a contract with Ober United Travel Agency. understanding of rhe biological basis of ~ As the beginning of the new school year AJrhough che contract does nor expire unril behavior and mental illness. "A draws closer, the Office of Science Oct. 31, 1994, rhe reprocurement process has Mind of its Own" is designed to Education Policy would like to begun. NIH has been asked to submit a list of provide educators with an update its list of institutes, centers contract requirements to the General Services understanding of the brain and and divisions char have escablished Adminiscracion so char the solicitation can be behavior by exploring the unique partnerships with local schools. prepared and published in the Commerce contribution ofNIMH basic These partnerships or, "Adopr-a­ Business Daily. and clinical research programs. School" programs, allow an organi- You now have an opportunity to assist in this Misunderstood, often feared, zation to enter into a formal effort. Do you have suggestions or ideas on and still srigmarized, mental disorders affect agreement with a school to provide various ways to improve or enhance N IH's travel 22 percent of the population in any given types of support. There are about one dozen services? What could or should be done co year. Scientists from NIMH will discuss schools char have been "adopted" by various improve the day-to-day operation (reservation/ schizophrenia, depression, affective disorders, !CDs. Contact OSEP, 22469, if you have ticketing process) of the on-sire travel agency? neuro-AIDS, memory, and stress and rhe recently adopted a school or if you are What additional services would you like to see immune system. interested in finding out the role char your provided; services chat could have rhe potential The seminar will be held in Masur Audito­ ICD can play in strengthening our nation's to benefit all N IH travelers? What can be done rium in rhe Clinical Center. Registration is schools. to ensure high quality service from rhe travel agency? If rhe current travel services do not fulfill all Six New Members Named to NIEHS Council of your needs, now is the time ro cry and effect Six new appointments have been made to the Dr. Lovell Jones is associate professor and a change. Your input to this process is valuable. National Advisory Environmental Health director of the department of gynecologic Send your suggestions to Anne Marie Gillen, Sciences Council. oncology at the University of Texas M.D. the NIH project officer, Bldg. 31, Rm. 3C39, Norma Barfield from Ann Arbor, Mich., is an Anderson Cancer Center. He has parricipaced by Sept. 30. 0 attorney who also has a degree in governmenc. · in NIH/NIEHS programs in science and She has a strong record of service, especially in minority activities. Two New Members Join community groups related to women and Dr. George Provenzano is research assistant NIGMS Advisory Council minority issues. professor of health economics in the depart­ Joan Bernstein is vice president of environ­ menr of epidemiology and prevenrive medicine Two new members have been named to the mental policy and ethical standards of Waste at the University of Maryland at Baltimore. He National Advisory General Medical Sciences Management, lnc., Oak Brook, Ill. As rhe specializes in economic evaluation of alternative Council for 4-year terms. They are Dr. Elvera company's chief environmental officer, she programs and policies in health care delivery, Ehrenfeld of the University of California, directs the development of Waste Manage­ health promotion and disease prevention. Irvine; and Dr. Henry Lewis III of Texas ment's strategy as ir relates to environmental Dr. Thomas Norris is executive associate dean Southern University, Houston. In addition, the issues and counsels the company's operating for academic affairs and research at the U niver­ Department of Veterans Affairs has appointed groups on environmental and ethical programs. sicy of North Dakota, where he is responsible as its ex officio member to rhe council Dr. Dr. Doyle Graham is professor of pathology for academic affairs, curriculum development, Marcin Albert of Boston University School of ar Duke University School of Medicine, where graduate and clinical programs and administra­ Medicine. he also directs the integrated toxicology non. Ehrenfeld is a professor of molecular biology program and is dean of medical education. and biochemistry and dean of the school of biological sciences ar UC-Irvine. Lewis is dean and professor of pharmacy practice at Texas Southern. He is also director of the Florida Endowment Fund for Higher Education Program. Albert is a professor of neurology ar BU School of Medicine and director of the division of behavioral neuroscience at Bos con Veterans Administration Medical Cenrer. 0

Library Studies User Needs

The NIH Library in Bldg. 10 is conducting a qualitative research scudy as part of its effort to assess user information needs, and rhe library's ability to respond to chose needs. Focus groups with library users and nonusers will be held on campus in late August and early Shown above are new council members (front, from I) Dr. George Provenzano, Norma Barfield, September. Representatives from LaScola NIEHS director Dr. Kenneth Olden, Joan Bernstein. At rear are (from I) Drs. Doyle Graham, Lovell Qualitarive Research will be calling selected Jones, Thomas Norris. NIH employees to invite them ro participate. 0 The Record page 11 August 17, 1993

~ TRAINING TIPS NIDDK'S Bernhard Witkop Retires After 42 Years ~ Dr. Bernhard Witkop, longtime chief of The NIH T raining Center, Division of NIDDK' s Laboratory of Chemistry, recently Personnel Management, offers the following retired from NIH after a distinguished tenure hands-on courses: of 42 years. Personal Computing Training 66211 Among Witkop's many accomplishments were his development of the cyanogen bromide Course Titles Starting Dates reaccion, a method for cleaving proteins Welcome to Macintosh 8/26, 9/9 precisely in order to facilitate the sequencing of Adv. Macintosh Techniques 9113 a protein. The technique was a key develop­ Intro ro Microsoft Word 5.0 8125 ment in the current genetic engineering Lotus for Mac-Levels l & 2 Upon Request FoxBASE 2.01-Levels I & 2 Upon Request revolution, since protein sequencing is needed Q uarkXprcss-wcl 2 8/30 before a gene can be properly cloned. The MORE Ill Upon Request technique is now used in the commercial 3Com PC Nerwork-Level I 9/1 manufacture of genetically engineered insulin. Dr. Bernhard Witkop 3Com PC Nerwork Management Upon Request Witkop and his coworkers have helped define Intro to Personal Computing the metabolic pathways of many biologically icy," he says. fo r New Users 9/14 Intro to DOS 8/30, 9/ 10 important molecules, including serotonin, a A native of Germany, Witkop is interested Intro to W indows 3.1 9/8 neurotransmitter, and its precursor tryp­ in creacing international diversity at NIH. WordPerfect fot W indows 8/23 tophan, which is imponanc for normal yowth. After helping to establish the N IH Visiting Lotus for Windows 8/24 Several of his NIDDK trainees h.ave become Program in 1956, he invited a Japanese Excel for W indows 9/1 major figures in chemistry themselves. They research.er into his Laboratory of Chemistry, Project for Windows 9/13 include Dr. John Daly, chief of ch.e Laboratory th.e first fellow in the new program. Since Intro 10 WordPerfect 5.1 8/31 ofBioorganic Chemjscry, who studies the then, many Japanese scientists have become WordPerfect 5.1-Adv. Topics 917 Deskrop Publishing w/WP 5.1 8127 toxins of tropical frogs and their potential use fellows in the same lab, some emerging as Intro to Harvard Graphics, Rel. 3.0 8/30 as analgesics. Another is Dr. Donald Jerina, of leaders in their field. lnretmed. Harvaxd Graphics, Rel. 3.0 9/10 the same laboratory, who studies the metabo­ As a multilingual internacional scholar, he Intro to Paradox 9/1 lism of hydrocarbons and their relation to has conducted scientific lectures in Japanese on Adv. Paradox 8/27,918 cancer. numerous occasions. He is believed to be the 9120 Adv. dBASE IV An ardent advocate for science, Witkop first Western scientist ever co lecture in Japan Intro ro dBASE Ill+ Upon Request lntcrmed. dBASE tll+ Upon Request laments that the United States lags behind in that country's native tongue. Lotus 1-2-3, Rel. 2.4-Adv. Tops. 8123 other countries when it comes to honoring its In 1958, he won the American Chemical lncetmed. Symphony Upon Request scientists. "In the U.S.," he says, "science Society's prestigious Hillebrand Prize for his Adv. Symphony Upon Request seems co cake a back seat co policies." work on biologically active molecules and was Intro t0 CRISP 913 Recencly, he persuaded the U.S. Postal elected co the Nacional Academy of Sciences in CRISP Thesaurus 913 Service co mine a stamp h.oooring the late 1969. Percy Lavon Julian, a chemist famous for his Witkop earned a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1940 role in the synthesis ofphysostigmine, a drug and Sc.D. in 1946 from the University of NHLBl's Lydia Elliott Retires used to treat glaucoma. Witkop and Julian Munich. From 1948 co 1950, he was an were friends and correspondents for more than After 26 years, Lydia Elliott has left NIH. instructor at H arvard University. three decades. After coming to NIH in 1950, he served as a Most recently secretary co Drs. Henry Fales, The Julian scamp, pan of the Postal Service's Public Health Service special fellow and later chief ofNHLBJ's Laboratory ofBiophysical Black H eritage Series, is not the first honor Chemistry, and Warren Leonard, chief of the as a visiting scientist. In 1956, he was named pulmonary and molecular immunology section, Witkop has h.elped bestow upon a scientist. chief of che section on metabolites in the He also helped design a German banknote Laboratory of Chemistry of the National she had a diverse career at NIH. honoring chemist Paul Ehrlich, who is known Institute ofArthritis and Metabolic Diseases, Her first position at NIH was secretary co as the father of chemotherapy. Witkop was later called NIDDK Witkop, the longest Sallie Keys, chief of psychiatric nursing. In instrumental in getting Bldg. 1 named after reigning chief of the Laboratory of Chemistry, 1972, she transferred co the Clinical Center as Dr. James Shannon, a renowned scientist and remained in that rosition until his retirement. an administrative officer of che day (AOD). former NIH director. In recognition of his scientific accomplish­ When th.at office was abolished, she joined ch.e The 76-year-old scientist would also like to ments and his promotion of internacional Clinical Associates Program. In 1985, she see a return to the basic research that brought sciencific exchange, Witkop was recently given transferred co NHLBI. NIH its worldwide reputation. "Lee's gee the honorary title ofNIDDK institute scholar Although she has enjoyed each of her posi­ back to che basics, and allow room for creativ- emeritus.-Muk Sampson tions, the one Elliott remembers most fondly was that of AOD. She enjoyed the interactions ~ Computer Training Classes with patients and their families, and the all of the changes chat have taken place. Classes Dares rotating tours of duty. She says worki ng the After spending most of her adult life here, she High Performance Computing wi,h afternoon and midnight tours were her "ego" knows she will miss NIH and the friends she Marh Advantage 8/20 tours, because after the senior administrators made. But since her daughter is a grants Intermediate PC-DOS 8123, 25 and directors went h.ome, she was the "boss." management specialist at NCI, she will at least Molecular Graphics: Creating Also, working the midnight tour allowed her to be able to keep up with what is happening. Pictures and Videos 8123 be at home during the day with her two Th.e first thing she plans to do when she leaves ENTER MAIL 8/27 is turn off her alarm clock forever. She also Designing Tables and Managing a ch.ildren. DB2 Database 8/30-9/1 hopes to do a little traveling and a lot of Elliott says she has often wished she kept a Classes are offered by the DCRT Training Program diary of her years at NIH so she could reflect on relaxing. 0 without charge. Call 62339 for more information. 0 The Record page 12 August I 7, 1993

Mail, Printing Facilities To Move to Rockville Location NIDDK Scientists Share Award

he Division of Support Services, ORS, Two NIDDK scientists have been named T will be moving its entire operation­ joint recipients of the 1993 Young Mail Services Branch (MSB), Printing and Investigator's Award by the Protein Society for Reproduction Branch (PRB)-to a new leased their groundbreaking work in the area of facility in the Rockville area. protein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The facility is at 301 North Stonestreet Ave. The awardees, Ors. Adriaan Bax and G. and is within 2 blocks of the Rockville Metro Marius Clore, are chiefs of the biophysical station. The new 50,000-square-foot facility NMR spectroscopy section and the protein will provide enough space to consolidate both NMR section, respectively, in the instituce's MSB and PRB under one roof. le will also Laboratory of Chemical Physics. allow for improvement of services, and provide Bax and Clore, together with Dr. Angela a clean, hospitable work environment for the Gronenborn, chief of the laboratory's structural staff, says ORS. biology section, are Front view ofnew facility in Rockville on North pioneers in the The Bldg. 31 mail facility can no longer Stonestreet Ave. accommodate the growing mail service require­ development and ments of the NIH community. "Bldg. 31 does improvement of not provide the space necessary to accommo­ high-tech viewing station for quality reviews. protein NMR, date state-of-the-an equipment that is essential While the new facility will allow the consolida­ which employs to keep pace with NIH mail operations," said tion of production capability, PRB intends to powerful magnets Craig Gavin, deputy director of the division. leave a contingent of personnel on campus at its and computers co More than a year ago, a review conducted by present location to provide NIH customers determine the chree­ with ready access to PRB services. dimensional s cru ctu res of molecules and probe Dr. Adriaan Bax their dynamics. This imaging of the shape and morion of molecules is considered a key coward understanding their role in various disease processes and is helpful in designing drugs to combat disease itself. The investigators' improvements in ptotein NMR, namely the development of three and four-dimensional techniques, have allowed scientists to visualize Cramped Mail Services Branch in Bldg. 31 larger, more complex proteins than was previously possible using conventional two­ dimensional NMR. Cramped Printing and Reproduction Branch Bax and Clore have quarters in Bldg. 31 used protein NMR to study many U.S. postal officials concluded that the Bldg. 31 biologically impor­ facility contained inadequate space for efficient tant molecules, mail processing and that che loading/receiving including proteins bays were inadequate for safe and efficient associated with H IV Dr. G. Marius Clore incoming and outgoing mail deliveries. infection. They The additional space will allow MSB to hope that their work will help lead to an ability purchase a new sorting/bar coding machine chat to block replication of the AIDS virus. will increase sorting capacity from the current Bax and Clore are the first researchers to 3,500 pieces per hour to 35,000 pieces per hour, receive the Young Investigator's Award jointly Gavin explained. Larger loading/holding areas from the Protein Society, whose purpose is to provide easier access for delivery and pickup by pcomote research and facilitate communication Postal Service trucks. Close proximity to the on all aspects of proteins. ) U.S. Postal Service Southern Maryland Sec­ Valeria Shropshire, an industrial hygienist in the Sponsored by DuPont-Merck Pharmaceutical tional Center and outlying NIH buildings will Health and Safety Branch, NIEHS, has passed the Co., the award has been given each year since help to improve delivery time and expedite American Board ofIndustrial Hygiene (AB/HJ 1989 co honor oursranding protein researchers outgoing mail shipments, he added. certification examination, been found qualifiedfor under age 38. The investigators were formally In addition, the new facility allows PRB to professional certification in the comprehensive honored wirh the prize and delivered a lecture consolidate the majority of its high-volume practice ofindustrial hygiene, and is entitled to use at the society's award banquet in San Diego last printing operation in one location and will the designation "certified industrial hygienist" month. D provide enough space co increase production (CIH). At N!EHS, all industrial hygienists are capacity by adding new high-speed copiers and a now certified by the ABIH. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRIITTING OFFICE l99}-281-8l5/80024