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Public Sex I Gay Space PUBLIC SEX I GAY SPACE Edited by William L. Leap lillllllll Columbia University Press I New York COLUM BIA UNIVERSITY PRESS Publishers Since 189 3 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright C 1999 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Public sex/gay spaceI edited by William L. Leap p. em -(Between men-between women) Includes index. ISBN 0-231-10690-4 (cloth). -ISBN 0-231-10691-2(pbk.) 1. Homosexuality. 2. Sex customs-Cross-cultural studies. 3. Public spaces-Health aspects. I. Leap, William. II. Series. HQ76 .PB 1999 306.76'62-dc 21 98-26490 CIP Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America c 109876 54321 p109876 54321 "Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places" by Laud Humphreys first appeared in Society v. 7, n. 3 (1970). Copyright C 1970 by Laud Humphreys. Reprinted by permission of Transaction Publishers. Contents Preface vii Contributors ix Introduction 1 WILLIAM L. LEA P 1 Reclaiming the Importance of Laud Humphreys's "Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places" 23 PETER M. NARDI 2 Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places 29 LAU D HUMPHREYS 3 A Highway Rest Area as a Socially Reproducible Site 55 JOHN HOLLISTER 4 Speaking to the Gay Bathhouse: Communicating in Sexually Charged Spaces 71 IRA TATTELMAN 5 Beauty and the Beach: Representing Fire Island 95 DAVID BERGMAN 6 Sex in "Private" Places: Gender, Erotics, and Detachment in Two Urban Locales 115 WILLIAM L. LEA P 7 Ethnographic Observations of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Public 141 MICHAEL C. CLATTS 8 Self Size and Observable Sex 157 STEPHEN 0. MURRAY 9 Baths, Bushes, and Belonging: Public Sex and Gay Community in Pre-Stonewall Montreal 187 ROS S HIGGINS 10 Homosex in Hanoi? Sex, the Public Sphere, and Public Sex 203 JACOB ARONSON 11 Private Acts, Public Space: Defining the Boundaries in Nineteenth-Century Holland 223 THEO VAN DER MEER 12 "Living Well Is the Best Revenge": Outing, Privacy, and Psychoanalysis 247 CHRISTOPHER LANE Index 285 Preface Public Sex/Gay Space is the product of severa l years of discussion about the relationships between public location, sexual practices, and male-cen­ tered, same-sex identities and desires. Many of the participants in this dis­ cussion have submitted papers for this collection. Other participants chose not to be represented here, but their influence resonates throughout the collection in powerful ways. Ralph Bolton and Gilbert Herdt have been par­ ticularly important in that regard . Both of them have done much to champi­ on the need for detailed, descriptive studies of sexual practices and sexual cultures, goals that this collection also seeks to address. My thanks to Columbia University Press for supporting this project at a time when other presses were much less eager to be associated with its con­ tent. Particular thanks go to Ann Miller, senior executive editor at CUP, for the supportshe has given to this project throughout its development, and to Alexa nder Thorp (Ann's assistant), Joan McQuary, and Brady McNamara for va luable servicesdur ing production. Contributors Jacob Aronson is the pseudonym of a North American researcher who has made numerous visits to Vietnam over the last decade. David Bergman is the author or editor of over a dozen books and three vol­ umes of poetry, the latest of which is Heroic Measures (1998). His Gaiety Tr ansformed: Self-Representation in Gay American Literature (University of Wisconsin, 1991) was designated an Outstanding Book of the Year by Choice and the Gustavus Myers Center for Human Rights. He edits the Men on Men series and is working on a study of the Violet Quill gay writers group. He teaches at Towson University, Maryland. Michael Clatts is a medical anthropologist whose principle area of interest is the development of community-based public hea lth programs. He was one of the first social scientists to become involved in AIDS research. Since 1982 he has conducted a number of studies of AIDS preventions issues among out-of-treatment drug injectors, homeless youth, and other groups in New York City. Ross Higgins is an anthropologist and cofounder of the Archives gaies du Quebec, of which he has been president since 1975. He has written a num­ ber of scholarly and journalistic articles on gay life, history, and community in Montreal. He teaches courses in ESL, applied linguistics, and sexuality studies at the Universite du Quebec a Montreal and at Concordia University. John Hollister lives in the desolate setting of Binghamton, New York, where he has been constructing an infrastructure to enable the local gay popula­ tion to transform itself into a more creatively imagined community. He dwells in cyberspace, runs the g/1/q social science e-mail list (GLQSOC-L), plays "go," jumps into the moshpit at 01 shows, and spins websites. Laud Humphreys, an Episcopal priest and sociologist, pioneered the study x of men-having-sex-with-men in public places. His Te aroom Tra de: Imper- sonal Sex in Public Places (Aidine, 1970), in which his chapter in this col- Contributors lection first appeared, received the C. Wright Mills Award of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. Christopher Lane is associate professor of English at Emory University. He is the author of The Ruling Passion: British Colonial Allegoryand the Para­ dox of Homosexual Desire (Duke, 1995) and The Burdens of Intimacy: Psy­ choanalysis and Victorian Masculinity(Ch icago, 1999), as well as editor of The Psychoanalysis of Race (Columbia, 1998). William L. Leap is professor of anthropology at American University in Washington, D.C. His research examines connections between language, culture, and power in lesbian and gay life in the United States, Cuba, and South Africa. He is author of Words Out: Gay Men 's English, editor of Beyond the Lavender Lexicon and (with Ellen Lewin) Out in the Field. Stephen 0. Murray is a San Francisco sociologist, author of American Gay, Latin American Male Homosexualities and author or coauthor of ten other books. Peter Nardi is professor of sociology at Pitzer College (California). He is coeditor of Social Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Studies (Routledge, 1997), In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS (Chicago, 1997), and Growing Up Before Stonewall: Life Stories of Some Gay Men (Routledge, 1994). He serves as book review editor for GLQand is the special features coeditor for Sexualities. I ra Tattelman is an architect. artist, and independent scholar. He has exhibited his photo-constructions and design work in New York City, Balti­ more, Washington, D.C., and Boston. His articles about queer space have appeared in the Harvard Gay & Lesbian Review, the Journalof Architectur­ al Education, and the Journalof Homosexuality, as well as the collections Queer Frontiers, and Queersin Space. Theo van der Meer is a fellow of the Foundation for Historical Research of the Netherlands Orga nization of Scientific Research. He is author of De WesentlijkeSonde van Sodomie en Andere Vuyligheeden and other studies of same-sex sexuality in the Netherlands. PUBLIC SEX I GAY SPACE Introduction WI LLIAM L. LEAP How important to gay men's lives is the pursuit of male-centered sexual pleasure?1 Is men-having-sex-with-men really the centerpiece of contem­ porary "gay culture," as some authors have recently claimed? Or does the subject matter of gay desire stretch sexual imagination and erotic practice, and position gay culture within broader fields of reference-and, if so, what do those fields of reference actually contain? Questions like these have prompted much discussion within Gay Stud­ ies/Queer Theory classrooms, conferences, and scholarly journals. Addi­ tionally, much of this discussion has focused on the constructed, negotiat­ ed, and situated nature of categories like "gay" and "straight" and on the close ties (and the conflicts) linking gayness, straightness, and other gen­ dered identities with claims to ethnicity, race, nationalism, class position, and privilege. Now, as the instability of these categories has become more firmly documented, discussion turns to the locations within which gayness and its related claims become constructed and negotiated, and, more specifical ly, to the particular intersections of location, gay identity, and male-centered sexual practices. In Public Sex, Gay Space, anthropologists, sociologists, architects, geog­ raphers, literary critics, and historians join forces to explore these intersec­ tions as they unfold in parks, truck stops, secluded beaches, alleyways, health club saunas, bath houses, bookstore backrooms, and other sites of male-centered sexual opportunity in the urban and rural United States, Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Viet Nam. All of the locations explored in this collection are, in some sense, public places, and for some of the participants, the public nature of the locationand its on-site pos­ sibilities intensify the power and pleasure of the erotic moment. For other participants, public condition erases interests in on-site erotics, and lead them to locate sites sexual privacy elsewhere. And for others, sexual activities become assertionsof privacy, the public location of the site notwithstanding. One of the themes in this collection is the multiple meanings of public 2 vs. private as this distinction applies to sites of male-centered erotic oppor- tunities. A related theme centers on the effects which claims to a public or William Leap private location impose have on site-specific erotic practices. Here, discus- sions in this collection overlap uncomfortably with the analysis of location, gay identity and erotic practices offered in two recent critiques of the weak- nesses bespoiling contemporary gay culture, e.g. Gabriella Rotella's Sexual Ecologyand Michelangelo Signorile's Life Outside.2 According to Rotella and Signorile, "gay identity" has become synony­ mous with an unending pursuit of promiscuity, sexual risk-ta king, and ulti­ mately (given the realities of the AIDS pandemic) willful self-destruction.
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