Documents De Travail 2004
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124 DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL 2004 SAME-SEX COUPLES, SAME-SEX PARTNERSHIPS & HOMOSEXUAL MARRIAGES A Focus on cross-national differentials Marie Digoix & Patrick Festy (eds) Daniel Borrillo Eric Fassin Wilfried Rault Ian Sumner Kees Waaldijk M. V. Lee Badgett Martine Corijn Kolbeinn Stefánsson Guðný Björk Eydal Bas van de Meerendonk Peer Scheepers José Ignacio Pichardo Galán Same-sex couples, same-sex partnerships & homosexual marriages A Focus on cross-national differentials Jens Rydström Michael Bochow Marie Digoix Patrick Festy Bénédicte Garnier Osmo Kontula Marie-Ange Schiltz Liesbeth Steenhof Carel Harmsen Gunnar Andersson Turid Noack Ane Seierstad Harald Weedon-Fekjær Jean-Yves Le Talec Ragnhild Schanke Proceedings of the Stockholm Conference Stockholm University 25-26 September 2003 Edited by Marie Digoix & Patrick Festy Institut national d’études démographiques 133 bd Davout, 75020 Paris-Tel: 33 (0)1 56 06 20 00-Fax 33 (0)1 56 06 21 99 http://www.ined.fr 2004 C ONTENTS CONTENTS Contents ........................................................................................................ i Contributors list ............................................................................................... ii Foreword • Patrick Festy................................................................................................. v Paths towards equality… • Marie Digoix ................................................................................................. 1 Facts towards equality: Law factors and social meanings of law The pacs, four years later: A beginning or an end ? • Daniel Borrillo & Eric Fassin .............................................................................. 19 The best way to court. The French mode of registration and its impact on the social significance of partnerships • Wilfried Rault ............................................................................................... 27 Happy ever after? The problems of terminating registered partnerships • Ian Sumner ................................................................................................... 35 Levels of legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership in nine European countries • Kees Waaldijk ............................................................................................... 47 The adoption of the laws: Contextual and historical factors Variations on an equitable theme: Explaining international same-sex partner recognition laws • M. V. Lee Badgett........................................................................................... 95 Research on homosexual partners and parents in Flanders (Belgium) • Martine Corijn .............................................................................................. 115 Restrained reform – Securing equality for same sex couples in Iceland • Kolbeinn Stefánsson & Guðný Björk Eydal ............................................................. 129 Denial of equal marriage rights for lesbians and gay men in the Netherlands • Bas van de Meerendonk & Peer Scheepers.............................................................. 147 Same-sex couples in Spain. Historical, contextual and symbolic factors • José Ignacio Pichardo Galán .............................................................................. 159 From outlaw to in-Law: On registered partnerships for homosexuals in Scandinavia, its history and cultural implications • Jens Rydström............................................................................................... 175 What sexual identity?: The number and its construction Steady partnerships among gay men in Germany: Findings from the national gay press survey • Michael Bochow ............................................................................................. 185 What if same-sex couples exist in France after all? • Marie Digoix, Patrick Festy & Bénédicte Garnier ..................................................... 193 Bi and Homosexuality in the national surveys in Europe • Osmo Kontula................................................................................................ 211 Pacs: The chaotic emergence of the category in French social surveys • Marie-Ange Schiltz.......................................................................................... 225 Same-sex couples in the Netherlands • Liesbeth Steenhof & Carel Harmsen .................................................................... 233 They did it! The demographics of same-sex “marriages” in Norway and Sweden • Gunnar Andersson, Turid Noack, Ane Seierstad & Harald Weedon-Fekjær ....................... 247 From the steady relationship to the couple: The social and the symbolic Homonorm versus “the contructionnist controversy” revival : The “ gay identity” under crisis • Jean-Yves Le Talec ......................................................................................... 267 Rituals and same-sex unions • Ragnhild Schanke ........................................................................................... 273 Abstracts ....................................................................................................... 295 Same-sex couples, same-sex partnerships, and homosexual marriages i A Focus on cross-national differentials L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Gunnar Andersson Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse Str. 1 18057 Rostock Germany M. V. Lee Badgett University of Massachusetts Department of Economics Amherst MA 01003 United States of America Michael Bochow Grunewaldstr. 14 D-10823 Berlin Germany Daniel Borrillo Centre d’études et de recherches de science administrative 10 rue Thénard 75005 Paris France Martine Corijn Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie - CBGS Markiesstraat 1 B-1000 Brussels Belgium Marie Digoix Institut national d’études démographiques 133 bd Davout 75980 Paris cedex 20 France Guðný Björk Eydal Department of Social Work Faculty of Social Sciences University of Iceland Odda v/ Sturlugötu 101 Reykjavík Ísland/Iceland Eric Fassin École normale supérieure Département de Sciences sociales 48 Bd Jourdan 75014 Paris France Patrick Festy Institut national d’études démographiques 133 bd Davout 75980 Paris cedex 20 France Same-sex couples, same-sex partnerships, and homosexual marriages ii A Focus on cross-national differentials L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Bénédicte Garnier Institut national d’études démographiques 133 bd Davout 75980 Paris cedex 20 France Carel Harmsen Statistics Netherlands Demography department P.O. BOX 4000 2270JM Voorburg The Netherlands Osmo Kontula The Population Research Institute Family Federation of Finland (Iso Roobertinkatu 20-22A, 4th floor) P.O.Box 849 00101 Helsinki Finland Jean-Yves Le Talec Equipe Simone-Sagesse Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail 5, allées Antonio-Machado 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9 France Bas van de Meerendonk University of Nijmegen Department of Methodology Postbus 9104 6500 HE Nijmegen The Netherlands Turid Noack Statistics Norway PO Box 8131 Dep 0033 Oslo Norway José Ignacio Pichardo Galán Departamento de Antropología Social Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain Wilfried Rault Centre de Recherches sur les liens sociaux Université Paris 5 - René Descartes 45, rue des Saints-pères 75270 Paris cedex 06 France Jens Rydström Centre for Gender Studies Stockholm University S-106 91 Stockholm Sweden Same-sex couples, same-sex partnerships, and homosexual marriages iii A Focus on cross-national differentials L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Ragnhild Schanke Oslo 3. Baptist Church Veidemannsveien 30A 1407 Vinterbro Norway Peer Scheepers University of Nijmegen Department of Methodology Postbus 9104 6500 HE Nijmegen The Netherlands Marie-Ange Schiltz CAMS - CERMES – CNRS 54, bd Raspail 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France Ane Seierstad Statistics Norway PO Box 8131 Dep 0033 Oslo Norway Liesbeth Steenhof Statistics Netherlands Demography department P.O. BOX 4000 2270JM Voorburg The Netherlands Kolbeinn Stefánsson University of Oxford Oxford OX2 6DG United Kingdom Ian Sumner Molengraaff Instituut voor Privaatrecht Nobelstraat 2a, 3512 EN Utrecht The Netherlands Kees Waaldijk E.M. Meijers Institute of Legal Studies Universiteit Leiden P.O. Box 9520 2300 RA LEIDEN The Netherlands Harald Weedon-Fekjær Section of Medical Statistics University of Oslo, Domus Medica Sognsvannsv.9 0372 Oslo Norway Same-sex couples, same-sex partnerships, and homosexual marriages iv A Focus on cross-national differentials F OREWORD Foreword Patrick Festy* The present volume reports the proceedings of a conference that took place in Stockholm in September 2003. It was a joint venture, which associated the department of Economic History at Stockholm University, as a host of the event, and the International Comparison research unit at INED, as a co-ordinator of the preparatory and editing activities. The two institutions channelled the necessary funding. The introductory text by Marie Digoix is entitled “Paths towards equality…” It is probably the most elegant and concise answer to those who would wonder about the interest historians could take in the conference. Recognition of rights to the homosexuals has been a long way and often a tough fight along the 20th century, which have involved intellectuals, activists, politicians, etc. and which have shared a lot of similarities with movements towards the recognition of women’s rights, children’s rights, etc. Since 1989 in Denmark, then in other countries, rights have been attached not to individuals