Pushing the Boundaries of Consciousness and Cognition
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Body Schema Plasticity After Tool-Use Lucilla Cardinali
Body schema plasticity after tool-use Lucilla Cardinali To cite this version: Lucilla Cardinali. Body schema plasticity after tool-use. Human health and pathology. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. English. NNT : 2011LYO10295. tel-00868427 HAL Id: tel-00868427 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868427 Submitted on 1 Oct 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre 295-2011 Année 2011 THESE DE L‘UNIVERSITE DE LYON Délivrée par L’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 ECOLE DOCTORALE Neurosciences et Cognition DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT (arrêté du 7 août 2006) soutenue publiquement le 25.11.11 par Mlle Lucilla CARDINALI TITRE : BODY SCHEMA PLASTICITY AFTER TOOL-USE Directeur de thèse: dr. Alessandro Farnè, Ph.D. JURY: Pr. Angelo MARAVITA, M.D., Ph.D. (Rapporteur) Prof. Chris DIJKERMAN, M.D., Ph.D. (Rapporteur) Dr. Frederique de VIGNEMONT, Ph.D., D.R. Pr. Yves ROSSETTI M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Alessandro FARNE’, Ph.D., D.R. : UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD - LYON 1 Président de l’Université M. A. Bonmartin Vice-président du Conseil d’Administration M. le Professeur G. Annat Vice-président du Conseil des Etudes et de la Vie Universitaire M. -
Body Maps in the Infant Brain
Opinion Body maps in the infant brain 1 2 Peter J. Marshall and Andrew N. Meltzoff 1 Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2 Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Researchers have examined representations of the body Alongside research programs using infant magnetoen- in the adult brain but relatively little attention has been- cephalography (MEG) [15,16] and functional near-infrared paid to ontogenetic aspects of neural body maps in spectroscopy (fNIRS) [17,18], refinements in electroen- human infants. Novel applications of methods for re- cephalography (EEG) are stimulating new investigations cording brain activity in infants are delineating cortical of the neural processes involved in early social engagement body maps in the first months of life. Body maps may [19–24]. One set of EEG findings highlighting social impli- facilitate infants’ registration of similarities between self cations of body maps comes from studies showing that the and other – an ability that is foundational to developing sensorimotor mu rhythm displays a somatotopic response social cognition. Alterations in interpersonal aspects of pattern during both action observation and action produc- body representations might also contribute to social tion in 14-month-old infants [25,26] (Figure 1). This pro- deficits in certain neurodevelopmental disorders. vides neuroscience evidence that infants can register correspondences between their own body parts and the Connecting self and other through neural body body parts of others. It also invites further studies of representations somatotopic organization in the infant brain and how it The past decade has seen sustained interest in the neural relates to key aspects of human development, including processes involved in the perception of the human body. -
PHIL10024: Theories of Mind
Course Guide PHIL10024: Theories of Mind 2017/18 Course Organiser: Dr Paul Schweizer Office Location: Room 5.13 DSB Office Hours: Friday 2-3pm and by Appointment Course Secretary: Ann-Marie Cowe ([email protected]) Contents 1. (Course) Aims and Objectives 2. Intended Learning Outcomes 3. Seminar Times and Locations 4. Seminar Content 5. PPLS Undergraduate Student Handbook 6. Readings 7. Assessment Information 8. Learn 9. Useful Information 10. Common Marking Scheme Department of Philosophy School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences University of Edinburgh 1. Course Aims and Objectives What is a mind – what are the essential characteristics distinguishing mental from non- mental systems? Two key features traditionally offered in response to this question are (1) representational content: mental states can be about external objects and states of affairs, they can represent and bear content or meaning; (2) conscious experience: only minds are consciously aware and have subjective, qualitative experiences – roughly, there is something it is like to be a mind. A central aim of the course will be to examine the extent to which these two features can be captured or explained by computational and/or physicalist methods, and to explore some of the conceptual issues basic to Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence as theoretical approaches to the mind. 2. Intended Learning Outcomes Students are asked to read, critically assess and discuss some of the most important texts in the philosophy of mind. Students will acquire the necessary conceptual resources to analyze and criticize different theoretical positions in this area. Students are encouraged to develop their critical and analytic skills in individual research. -
Understanding the Concepts Peripersonal Space, Body
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS PERIPERSONAL SPACE, BODY SCHEMA AND BODY IMAGE Bachelor Degree Project in Cognitive Neuroscience 15 ECTS Spring term 2012 Magnus Hübsch Supervisor: Paavo Pylkkänen Examiner: Judith Annett Understanding the Concepts PpS, BS and BI 2 Understanding the Concepts Body Schema, Body Image and Peripersonal Space. Submitted by Magnus Hübsch to the University of Skövde as a final year project towards the degree of B.Sc. in the School of Humanities and Informatics. The project has been supervised by Paavo Pylkkänen. Date: 2012-05-20 I hereby certify that all material in this final year project which is not my own work has been identified and that no work is included for which a degree has already been conferred on me. Signature: ___________________________________________ Understanding the Concepts PpS, BS and BI 3 Abstract This study will look into to the concepts of Peripersonal Space, The Body Schema and The Body Image. It examines how the terms are typically used and describes the various views about the concepts found in the literature, as well as the contradictions between these views. In the section “The Difficulty to Differentiate the Concepts” the reader gets a deeper understanding of which criteria researchers use to differentiate the concepts from one another. The fact that there are changes in kineamethic model and sensation in humans when they are using a rake is proposed as support for the idea that also the body schema is involved in tool use. In differentiating the Body schema – Body Image from each other (and other types of body representation) we come to the conclusion that positive definitions about different representations is needed and that researchers should unite their views what the definitions should be. -
Interaction Design for and Through Embodied Cognition
Body Image and Body Schema: Interaction Design for and through Embodied Cognition Ozgun Eylul Iscen, Diane Gromala, and Maryam Mobini School of Interactive Arts and Technology Simon Fraser University 250-13450 102nd Avenue V3T 0A3 Surrey, B.C., Canada {oiscen,gromala,mma99}@sfu.ca Abstract.The interdisciplinary literature on body image/body schema (BIBS), which is within the larger realm of embodied cognition, can provide HCI practi- tioners and theorists new ideas of and approaches to human perception and ex- perience. In very brief terms, body image consists of perceptions, attitudes and beliefs pertaining to one’s own body, whereas body schema is a system of sen- sory-motor capabilities that function, usually without awareness or the necessity of perceptual monitoring. The dynamic relationality and plasticity of BIBS open up different avenues for interaction design. An overview of six main ideas de- riving from BIBS literature are enumerated, followed by a discussion of projects designed for chronic pain patients that demonstrate how these ideas can be adopted in interaction design processes as a perspective or attitude rather than a mere application of traditional methods. Through bridging HCI and BIBS theories and research, we can develop a holistic framework in which we design for and through embodied cognition. Keywords: Embodied cognition, body image, body schema, interaction design, virtual reality, chronic pain. 1 Introduction The interdisciplinary literature on body image/body schema (BIBS), which lies within the broader realm of embodied cognition, can provide HCI practitioners and theorists new ideas of human body, perception and experience. Embodied cognition challenges the mind-body dualism and highlights how the body shapes our cognitive processing from perceiving and thinking to linguistic and emotional processing. -
Schwitzgebel December 17, 2012 USA Consciousness, P. 1 If Materialism Is True, the United States Is Probably Conscious
If Materialism Is True, the United States Is Probably Conscious Eric Schwitzgebel Department of Philosophy University of California at Riverside Riverside, CA 92521 eschwitz at domain: ucr.edu December 17, 2012 Schwitzgebel December 17, 2012 USA Consciousness, p. 1 If Materialism Is True, the United States Is Probably Conscious Abstract: If you’re a materialist, you probably think that rabbits are conscious. And you ought to think that. After all, rabbits are a lot like us, biologically and neurophysiologically. If you’re a materialist, you probably also think that conscious experience would be present in a wide range of naturally-evolved alien beings behaviorally very similar to us even if they are physiologically very different. And you ought to think that. After all, to deny it seems insupportable Earthly chauvinism. But a materialist who accepts consciousness in weirdly formed aliens ought also to accept consciousness in spatially distributed group entities. If she then also accepts rabbit consciousness, she ought to accept the possibility of consciousness even in rather dumb group entities. Finally, the United States would seem to be a rather dumb group entity of the relevant sort. If we set aside our morphological prejudices against spatially distributed group entities, we can see that the United States has all the types of properties that materialists tend to regard as characteristic of conscious beings. Keywords: metaphysics, consciousness, phenomenology, group mind, superorganism, collective consciousness, metaphilosophy Schwitzgebel December 17, 2012 USA Consciousness, p. 2 If Materialism Is True, the United States Is Probably Conscious If materialism is true, the reason you have a stream of conscious experience – the reason there’s something it’s like to be you while there’s (presumably!) nothing it’s like to be a toy robot or a bowl of chicken soup, the reason you possess what Anglophone philosophers call phenomenology – is that the material stuff out of which you are made is organized the right way. -
The Representational Nature of the Body Schema.Comment On
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Physics of Life Reviews 30 (2019) 116–118 www.elsevier.com/locate/plrev Comment The representational nature of the body schema Comment on “Muscleless motor synergies and actions without movements: From motor neuroscience to cognitive robotics” by V. Mohan et al. Radek Ptak a,b,c,∗ a Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland b Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland c Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Received 2 January 2019; accepted 3 January 2019 Available online 7 January 2019 Communicated by J. Fontanari Traditional accounts of motor control have focused on feedback and feed-forward signals to explain motor behavior [1]. Models which posit the existence of a continuous sensory-motor interchange have many advantages: they explain behavior in closed-loop and open-loop situations – that is, when error signals are or are not available –, predict adaptation of the motor response to spatial, temporal or force perturbations, are capable of learning and are compatible with the notion of a predictive brain [2]. Feed-forward and feedback mechanisms of motor control strongly depend on frontoparietal circuits connecting the dorsal parietal and premotor cortex. However, the same brain regions are also involved in the simulation of actions [3], mirroring processes triggered when participants merely observe other’s actions [4,5]as well as other purely cognitive faculties such as working memory, mental rotation and spatial attention [6]. In their review Mohan et al. [1] correctly point out that a complete understanding of motor control should also explain these additional properties of the motor system. -
Neuropsychiatry Review Series: Disorders of Visual Perception. Dominic Ffytche, Jan Dirk Blom, Marco Catani
Neuropsychiatry Review series: Disorders of Visual perception. Dominic Ffytche, Jan Dirk Blom, Marco Catani To cite this version: Dominic Ffytche, Jan Dirk Blom, Marco Catani. Neuropsychiatry Review series: Disorders of Visual perception.. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, BMJ Publishing Group, 2010, 81 (11), pp.1280. 10.1136/jnnp.2008.171348. hal-00587980 HAL Id: hal-00587980 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00587980 Submitted on 22 Apr 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Disorders of visual perception Dr Dominic H ffytche1,4* Dr JD Blom2,3 4 Dr M Catani 1 Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK 2 Parnassia Bavo Group, The Hague, the Netherlands 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands 4 Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK *Address for Correspondence Dr D H ffytche Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry PO70, King’s College -
Body Schema and Body Image - Pros and Cons Frédérique De Vignemont
Body schema and body image - pros and cons Frédérique de Vignemont To cite this version: Frédérique de Vignemont. Body schema and body image - pros and cons. Neuropsychologia, Elsevier, 2009, 48 (3), pp.669-680. ijn_00512315 HAL Id: ijn_00512315 https://jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr/ijn_00512315 Submitted on 30 Aug 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. G Model NSY-3425; No. of Pages 13 ARTICLE IN PRESS Neuropsychologia xxx (2009) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuropsychologia journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropsychologia Reviews Body schema and body image—Pros and cons Frederique de Vignemont ∗ Institut Jean-Nicod EHESS-ENS-CNRS, Transitions NYU-CNRS, USA article info abstract Article history: There seems to be no dimension of bodily awareness that cannot be disrupted. To account for such variety, Received 19 April 2009 there is a growing consensus that there are at least two distinct types of body representation that can Received in revised form be impaired, the body schema and the body image. However, the definition of these notions is often 11 September 2009 unclear. The notion of body image has attracted most controversy because of its lack of unifying positive Accepted 18 September 2009 definition. -
Active Externalism and Epistemic Internalism
Forthcoming in Erkenntnis ACTIVE EXTERNALISM AND EPISTEMIC INTERNALISM J. Adam Carter & S. Orestis Palermos University of Edinburgh Abstract. Internalist approaches to epistemic justification are, though controversial, considered a live option in contemporary epistemology. Accordingly, if ‘active’ externalist approaches in the philosophy of mind—e.g. the extended cognition and extended mind theses—are in principle incompatible with internalist approaches to justification in epistemology, then this will be an epistemological strike against, at least the prima facie appeal of, active externalism. It is shown here however that, contrary to pretheoretical intuitions, neither the extended cognition nor the extended mind theses are in principle incompatible with two prominent versions of epistemic internalism—viz., accessibilism and mentalism. In fact, one possible diagnosis is that pretheoretical intuitions regarding the incompatibility of active externalism with epistemic internalism are symptomatic of a tacit yet incorrect identification of epistemic internalism with epistemic individualism. Thus, active externalism is not in principle incompatible with epistemic internalism per se and does not (despite initial appearances to the contrary) significantly restrict one’s options in epistemology. Keywords: extended cognition, extended mind, epistemic internalism 1 Two Questions of Incompatibility Ever since the Putnam/Burge-style thought experiments led to the institution of content externalism—viz., the thesis that mental contents are widely -
Distortion in Body Schema: the Influence of Body Atf and Mass on Perceptions of Personal Size
Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Spring 2017 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Spring 2017 Distortion in Body Schema: The Influence of Body atF and Mass on Perceptions of Personal Size Katarina Ann Ferrucci Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2017 Part of the Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms Commons, Cardiovascular Diseases Commons, Clinical Psychology Commons, Cognition and Perception Commons, Cognitive Psychology Commons, Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons, Digestive System Commons, Digestive System Diseases Commons, Endocrine System Commons, Endocrine System Diseases Commons, Health Psychology Commons, Mental Disorders Commons, Nervous System Commons, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons, Other Psychiatry and Psychology Commons, Psychological Phenomena and Processes Commons, Sense Organs Commons, and the Tissues Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Ferrucci, Katarina Ann, "Distortion in Body Schema: The Influence of Body atF and Mass on Perceptions of Personal Size" (2017). Senior Projects Spring 2017. 271. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2017/271 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. -
10 the Boundaries of the Mind 1
10 THE BOUNDARIES OF THE MIND 1 Katalin Farkas 1. The Cartesian conception of the mind The subject of mental processes or mental states is usually assumed to be an indi- vidual, and hence the boundaries of mental features – in a strict or metaphorical sense – are naturally regarded as reaching no further than the boundaries of the individual. This chapter addresses various philosophical developments in the 20th and 21st century that questioned this natural assumption. I will frame this discus- sion by fi rst presenting a historically infl uential commitment to the individualistic nature of the mental in Descartes’ theory. I identify various elements in the Carte- sian conception of the mind that were subsequently criticized and rejected by vari- ous externalist theories, advocates of the extended mind hypothesis and defenders of embodied cognition. Then I will indicate the main trends in these critiques. Descartes’ work was partly a response to developments in natural science in the 17th century, and one of his goals was to provide a theoretical-philosophical foundation for modern science which rejected Aristotelian natural philosophy. Descartes was not the last philosopher who hoped to make a lasting contribution by providing a theory that integrates philosophy with modern science. Ever since the 17th century, there has been an occasionally reoccurring anxiety in philoso- phy – famously expressed for example by Kant in the Critique of Pure Reason – about the fact that while the sciences appear to make great progress, philosophy in comparison seems to make very little, if any progress. Various remedies have been suggested, for example by offering a methodology or grounding for philosophy that is either imported from the sciences, or is comparable to the objectivity and explanatory power of scientifi c method.