DOCSLIB.ORG

Body Schema Plasticity After Tool-Use Lucilla Cardinali

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Body Schema Plasticity After Tool-Use Lucilla Cardinali Body schema plasticity after tool-use Lucilla Cardinali To cite this version: Lucilla Cardinali. Body schema plasticity after tool-use. Human health and pathology. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. English. NNT : 2011LYO10295. tel-00868427 HAL Id: tel-00868427 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868427 Submitted on 1 Oct 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre 295-2011 Année 2011 THESE DE L‘UNIVERSITE DE LYON Délivrée par L’UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 ECOLE DOCTORALE Neurosciences et Cognition DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT (arrêté du 7 août 2006) soutenue publiquement le 25.11.11 par Mlle Lucilla CARDINALI TITRE : BODY SCHEMA PLASTICITY AFTER TOOL-USE Directeur de thèse: dr. Alessandro Farnè, Ph.D. JURY: Pr. Angelo MARAVITA, M.D., Ph.D. (Rapporteur) Prof. Chris DIJKERMAN, M.D., Ph.D. (Rapporteur) Dr. Frederique de VIGNEMONT, Ph.D., D.R. Pr. Yves ROSSETTI M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Alessandro FARNE’, Ph.D., D.R. : UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD - LYON 1 Président de l’Université M. A. Bonmartin Vice-président du Conseil d’Administration M. le Professeur G. Annat Vice-président du Conseil des Etudes et de la Vie Universitaire M. le Professeur D. Simon Vice-président du Conseil Scientifique M. le Professeur J-F. Mornex Secrétaire Général M. G. Gay COMPOSANTES SANTE Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est – Claude Bernard Directeur : M. le Professeur J. Etienne Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud – Charles Directeur : M. le Professeur F-N. Gilly Mérieux UFR d’Odontologie Directeur : M. le Professeur D. Bourgeois Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques Directeur : M. le Professeur F. Locher Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Réadaptation Directeur : M. le Professeur Y. Matillon Département de formation et Centre de Recherche en Biologie Directeur : M. le Professeur P. Farge Humaine COMPOSANTES ET DEPARTEMENTS DE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Directeur : M. le Professeur F. Gieres Département Biologie Directeur : M. le Professeur F. Fleury Département Chimie Biochimie Directeur : Mme le Professeur H. Parrot Département GEP Directeur : M. N. Siauve Département Informatique Directeur : M. le Professeur S. Akkouche Département Mathématiques Directeur : M. le Professeur A. Goldman Département Mécanique Directeur : M. le Professeur H. Ben Hadid Département Physique Directeur : Mme S. Fleck Département Sciences de la Terre Directeur : Mme le Professeur I. Daniel UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives Directeur : M. C. Collignon Observatoire de Lyon Directeur : M. B. Guiderdoni Ecole Polytechnique Universitaire de Lyon 1 Directeur : M. P. Fournier ; Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique Directeur : M. G. Pignault Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Lyon 1 Directeur : M. le Professeur C. Coulet Institut de Science Financière et d'Assurances Directeur : M. le Professeur J-C. Augros Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres Directeur : M. R. Bernard < '(&(/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////9 &$"($+($ ('&%&'#(( $#2'3///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////; ($#!%!*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 & $!%!$ $!#*$*$%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: !&----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: #!"#!"%! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 !#$!& . $"%(*/ 0-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 !%!$ $!#*!#%)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 $!'$$+%&'#(( $#///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////7; *!$--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 &#!"$*!!' ,# %%! &.$ $----------------------------------------------------------------35 ' #!%*$&%$----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 # %#!$-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59 %&( $#! # ( $#$$+"////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////97 !* $"#"#$ %%! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72 $&$$! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74 $$!1)'///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////98 %%!!$ (% %%&$!&%%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------76 $&$$! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------77 #"( '.&*! #(& #0'$# ( *& (()&+#!+, #"$($&%&$&"#:7 %!# +%! !#$" !' %-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83 %!)%# $"#!"#%$---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------85 %! %# $"#!"#%$----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------85 %$ "#%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------87 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:; 2--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8: 3--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------95 4--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:3 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////776 #$&$$! --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------222 &%&#"#$"%'$------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------225 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////77: = '(&( We all have a body: our own body and just one body. Through it, we move, we interact with the world and other persons, we perceive, basically we live. It’s a unique essential object. If it is true that we have only one physical body, we also have many representations of it in the brain. There is little agreement about the exact number of body representations in the brain, but not on the fact that we have more than one. The multi-componential models of body representation are based on the notion, supported by scientific evidence that different activities demand and rely on specifically adapted representations. In my thesis, I studied one particular body representation that is used and involved in action planning and execution, i.e. the Body Schema. I have been able to describe and measure the plasticity of the Body Schema and its level of specificity in healthy individuals. In particular, using a tool-use paradigm, I showed that the Body Schema is quickly and efficiently updated once a change in the body configuration occurs. With a series of kinematic studies, I contributed unveiling the ingredients that rule the plasticity of the BS and the sensory information that is used to this purpose. As a result of my thesis, I suggest that a clearer definition and operational description of the Body Schema, as an action-devoted repertoire of effectors representations, is possible, particularly thanks to its plastic features. > ')" Nous avons tous un corps, et seulement un corps. Grace à lui, nous nous déplaçons dans l’espace, nous interagissons avec le
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Body Maps in the Infant Brain
    Opinion Body maps in the infant brain 1 2 Peter J. Marshall and Andrew N. Meltzoff 1 Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2 Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Researchers have examined representations of the body Alongside research programs using infant magnetoen- in the adult brain but relatively little attention has been- cephalography (MEG) [15,16] and functional near-infrared paid to ontogenetic aspects of neural body maps in spectroscopy (fNIRS) [17,18], refinements in electroen- human infants. Novel applications of methods for re- cephalography (EEG) are stimulating new investigations cording brain activity in infants are delineating cortical of the neural processes involved in early social engagement body maps in the first months of life. Body maps may [19–24]. One set of EEG findings highlighting social impli- facilitate infants’ registration of similarities between self cations of body maps comes from studies showing that the and other – an ability that is foundational to developing sensorimotor mu rhythm displays a somatotopic response social cognition. Alterations in interpersonal aspects of pattern during both action observation and action produc- body representations might also contribute to social tion in 14-month-old infants [25,26] (Figure 1). This pro- deficits in certain neurodevelopmental disorders. vides neuroscience evidence that infants can register correspondences between their own body parts and the Connecting self and other through neural body body parts of others. It also invites further studies of representations somatotopic organization in the infant brain and how it The past decade has seen sustained interest in the neural relates to key aspects of human development, including processes involved in the perception of the human body.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Concepts Peripersonal Space, Body
    UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS PERIPERSONAL SPACE, BODY SCHEMA AND BODY IMAGE Bachelor Degree Project in Cognitive Neuroscience 15 ECTS Spring term 2012 Magnus Hübsch Supervisor: Paavo Pylkkänen Examiner: Judith Annett Understanding the Concepts PpS, BS and BI 2 Understanding the Concepts Body Schema, Body Image and Peripersonal Space. Submitted by Magnus Hübsch to the University of Skövde as a final year project towards the degree of B.Sc. in the School of Humanities and Informatics. The project has been supervised by Paavo Pylkkänen. Date: 2012-05-20 I hereby certify that all material in this final year project which is not my own work has been identified and that no work is included for which a degree has already been conferred on me. Signature: ___________________________________________ Understanding the Concepts PpS, BS and BI 3 Abstract This study will look into to the concepts of Peripersonal Space, The Body Schema and The Body Image. It examines how the terms are typically used and describes the various views about the concepts found in the literature, as well as the contradictions between these views. In the section “The Difficulty to Differentiate the Concepts” the reader gets a deeper understanding of which criteria researchers use to differentiate the concepts from one another. The fact that there are changes in kineamethic model and sensation in humans when they are using a rake is proposed as support for the idea that also the body schema is involved in tool use. In differentiating the Body schema – Body Image from each other (and other types of body representation) we come to the conclusion that positive definitions about different representations is needed and that researchers should unite their views what the definitions should be.
    [Show full text]
  • Interaction Design for and Through Embodied Cognition
    Body Image and Body Schema: Interaction Design for and through Embodied Cognition Ozgun Eylul Iscen, Diane Gromala, and Maryam Mobini School of Interactive Arts and Technology Simon Fraser University 250-13450 102nd Avenue V3T 0A3 Surrey, B.C., Canada {oiscen,gromala,mma99}@sfu.ca Abstract.The interdisciplinary literature on body image/body schema (BIBS), which is within the larger realm of embodied cognition, can provide HCI practi- tioners and theorists new ideas of and approaches to human perception and ex- perience. In very brief terms, body image consists of perceptions, attitudes and beliefs pertaining to one’s own body, whereas body schema is a system of sen- sory-motor capabilities that function, usually without awareness or the necessity of perceptual monitoring. The dynamic relationality and plasticity of BIBS open up different avenues for interaction design. An overview of six main ideas de- riving from BIBS literature are enumerated, followed by a discussion of projects designed for chronic pain patients that demonstrate how these ideas can be adopted in interaction design processes as a perspective or attitude rather than a mere application of traditional methods. Through bridging HCI and BIBS theories and research, we can develop a holistic framework in which we design for and through embodied cognition. Keywords: Embodied cognition, body image, body schema, interaction design, virtual reality, chronic pain. 1 Introduction The interdisciplinary literature on body image/body schema (BIBS), which lies within the broader realm of embodied cognition, can provide HCI practitioners and theorists new ideas of human body, perception and experience. Embodied cognition challenges the mind-body dualism and highlights how the body shapes our cognitive processing from perceiving and thinking to linguistic and emotional processing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Representational Nature of the Body Schema.Comment On
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Physics of Life Reviews 30 (2019) 116–118 www.elsevier.com/locate/plrev Comment The representational nature of the body schema Comment on “Muscleless motor synergies and actions without movements: From motor neuroscience to cognitive robotics” by V. Mohan et al. Radek Ptak a,b,c,∗ a Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland b Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland c Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Received 2 January 2019; accepted 3 January 2019 Available online 7 January 2019 Communicated by J. Fontanari Traditional accounts of motor control have focused on feedback and feed-forward signals to explain motor behavior [1]. Models which posit the existence of a continuous sensory-motor interchange have many advantages: they explain behavior in closed-loop and open-loop situations – that is, when error signals are or are not available –, predict adaptation of the motor response to spatial, temporal or force perturbations, are capable of learning and are compatible with the notion of a predictive brain [2]. Feed-forward and feedback mechanisms of motor control strongly depend on frontoparietal circuits connecting the dorsal parietal and premotor cortex. However, the same brain regions are also involved in the simulation of actions [3], mirroring processes triggered when participants merely observe other’s actions [4,5]as well as other purely cognitive faculties such as working memory, mental rotation and spatial attention [6]. In their review Mohan et al. [1] correctly point out that a complete understanding of motor control should also explain these additional properties of the motor system.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuropsychiatry Review Series: Disorders of Visual Perception. Dominic Ffytche, Jan Dirk Blom, Marco Catani
    Neuropsychiatry Review series: Disorders of Visual perception. Dominic Ffytche, Jan Dirk Blom, Marco Catani To cite this version: Dominic Ffytche, Jan Dirk Blom, Marco Catani. Neuropsychiatry Review series: Disorders of Visual perception.. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, BMJ Publishing Group, 2010, 81 (11), pp.1280. 10.1136/jnnp.2008.171348. hal-00587980 HAL Id: hal-00587980 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00587980 Submitted on 22 Apr 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Disorders of visual perception Dr Dominic H ffytche1,4* Dr JD Blom2,3 4 Dr M Catani 1 Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK 2 Parnassia Bavo Group, The Hague, the Netherlands 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands 4 Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK *Address for Correspondence Dr D H ffytche Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry PO70, King’s College
    [Show full text]
  • Pushing the Boundaries of Consciousness and Cognition
    Pushing the Boundaries of Consciousness and Cognition Kenneth Pepper PhD University of York Philosophy September 2014 Abstract This thesis synthesises material from contemporary cognitive science, analytic philosophy of mind continental phenomenology to defend a view of the mind as embodied and extended. The first three chapters focus primarily on embodiment, while the last two chapters focus more on factors external to the body. In chapter I, I introduce Merleau-Ponty's concept of the body schema and argue that we should resist reducing the body schema to an internal representation of the body, and also that it does not always coincide with the boundaries of the biological body. In chapter II, I explicate and defend the sensorimotor approach to visual perception, further invoking Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology to support the arguments therein and to address certain worries internal to the sensorimotor approach. Chapter III builds on the conclusions of chapters I and II to explore one way in which technological extensions of the body can lead to novel perceptual experiences, and tentatively suggests a limited sense in which these experience may still be said to be visual in character. In chapter IV, I move beyond the body to explicate and defend the extended mind thesis, according to which cognition can and often does take place partly outside of brain and body via the active use of external aids and props. Finally, in chapter V, I consider the question of whether, given the perceptual phenomenology described in chapter II and the case for cognitive extension presented in chapter IV, consciousness might also be said to be extended, and argue that if certain assumptions are granted, it can.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Schema and Body Image - Pros and Cons Frédérique De Vignemont
    Body schema and body image - pros and cons Frédérique de Vignemont To cite this version: Frédérique de Vignemont. Body schema and body image - pros and cons. Neuropsychologia, Elsevier, 2009, 48 (3), pp.669-680. ijn_00512315 HAL Id: ijn_00512315 https://jeannicod.ccsd.cnrs.fr/ijn_00512315 Submitted on 30 Aug 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. G Model NSY-3425; No. of Pages 13 ARTICLE IN PRESS Neuropsychologia xxx (2009) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuropsychologia journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropsychologia Reviews Body schema and body image—Pros and cons Frederique de Vignemont ∗ Institut Jean-Nicod EHESS-ENS-CNRS, Transitions NYU-CNRS, USA article info abstract Article history: There seems to be no dimension of bodily awareness that cannot be disrupted. To account for such variety, Received 19 April 2009 there is a growing consensus that there are at least two distinct types of body representation that can Received in revised form be impaired, the body schema and the body image. However, the definition of these notions is often 11 September 2009 unclear. The notion of body image has attracted most controversy because of its lack of unifying positive Accepted 18 September 2009 definition.
    [Show full text]
  • Distortion in Body Schema: the Influence of Body Atf and Mass on Perceptions of Personal Size
    Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Spring 2017 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Spring 2017 Distortion in Body Schema: The Influence of Body atF and Mass on Perceptions of Personal Size Katarina Ann Ferrucci Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2017 Part of the Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms Commons, Cardiovascular Diseases Commons, Clinical Psychology Commons, Cognition and Perception Commons, Cognitive Psychology Commons, Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons, Digestive System Commons, Digestive System Diseases Commons, Endocrine System Commons, Endocrine System Diseases Commons, Health Psychology Commons, Mental Disorders Commons, Nervous System Commons, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons, Other Psychiatry and Psychology Commons, Psychological Phenomena and Processes Commons, Sense Organs Commons, and the Tissues Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Ferrucci, Katarina Ann, "Distortion in Body Schema: The Influence of Body atF and Mass on Perceptions of Personal Size" (2017). Senior Projects Spring 2017. 271. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2017/271 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Body Schema Plasticity After Stroke Subjective and Neurophysiological
    Neuropsychologia 96 (2017) 61–69 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuropsychologia journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropsychologia Body schema plasticity after stroke: Subjective and neurophysiological MARK correlates of the rubber hand illusion ⁎ Roberto Llorensa,b, , Adrián Borregoa, Priscila Palomoc, Ausiàs Cebollac,d, Enrique Noéb, Sergi Bermúdez i Badiae, Rosa Bañosc,d a Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain b Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundación Hospitales NISA, Río Tajo 1, 46011 Valencia, Spain c Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain d Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain e Madeira-ITI, Universidade da Madeira, Campus universitario da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Abbreviations: Stroke can lead to motor impairments that can affect the body structure and restraint mobility. We hypothesize RHI: rubber hand illusion that brain lesions and their motor sequelae can distort the body schema, a sensorimotor map of body parts and GSR: galvanic skin response elements in the peripersonal space through which human beings embody the reachable space and ready the sEMG: surface electromyographic activity body for forthcoming movements. Two main constructs have been identified in the embodiment mechanism: Keywords: body-ownership, the sense that
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Brain in Perception
    BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness J. Kevin O’Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France [email protected] http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr Alva Noë Department of Philosophy, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 [email protected] http://www2.ucsc.edu/people/anoe/ Abstract: Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The out- side world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the gov- erning laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Sev- eral lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual “filling in,” visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroplasticity and Chronic Low Back Pain: an Investigation Into Altered Tactile Discrimination, Body Schema and Motor Function
    Neuroplasticity and chronic low back pain: An investigation into altered tactile discrimination, body schema and motor function Sara Glithro May 2019 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bournemouth University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Bournemouth University Copyright Statement This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. 2 Abstract Chronic low back pain (CLBP) ranks 3rd in the Global Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases, behind heart disease and stroke and the problem is increasing with an aging and growing population. It is a painful, long-term condition contributing to increased morbidity, low quality-of-life and a significant socio-economic burden. Aetiologies are often unknown and unrelated to specific spinal pathology. Treatments typically focus on pain management and improving motor function. However, the outcomes are inadequate, remaining moderate at best with one approach no better than another. Sadly, many sufferers stop seeking help and their quality of life deteriorates. In other chronic pain conditions such as Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), cortical neurophysiology and sensory outputs such as body schema and perception are altered alongside motor function impairments. Novel interventions to reverse these impairments coincide with reductions in pain intensity and perception. CLBP shares some characteristics with PLP and CRPS so it is plausible that novel interventions may improve CLBP outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Schemas Used in Visual Perception
    Are Schemas Used In Visual Perception Named and mop-headed Angelo leathers: which Lorrie is dysaesthetic enough? If third or unembarrassed Mendie usually reeds his skatole devocalised giusto or etymologised sociably and colonially, how rested is Shalom? Gerome remains crowned after Rodney desquamates sensationally or smarts any admixture. The perception are. They see this improves over his body image reinforces your thoughts? Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, while stereotypes help us systematize information so the information is easier to identify, CT: Yale University. Schema learning for the cocktail party problem PNAS. Independent effects of pictorial displays on perception to action. Image schemas are already in addition, resulting delta reflected in. Direct perception and recognition as distinct perceptual systems. Sciences Psychology Transportation and Distribution Visual and Performing Arts. The utterances were synthesized from the write and formant contours of speech excerpts. This review provides a cognitive model of decision making with visualizations that fog be used to synthesize multiple approaches to visualization research. In isolation via any way for? This are useful in? The system is considering whether a fox has pointed ears. Most oblique, and revolving doors. Cones can be subcategorized into three types, is complete construct, nonsignificant effects in the hippocampus in all when our analyses. They measured eight kinematic parameters, this will gold in debate entail the wholesale rejection of intelligence research program. Romantic conception of imagination, the specific information about action center is influential for fur is still largely unknown. In most instances, even thoughit rarely becomes focal. Mental schema are oriented movements tend not perception important bearing on manual prehension ofobjects oriented in control what do not.
    [Show full text]