S3 (Phd) Lundry 2009
SEPARATISM AND STATE COHESION IN EASTERN INDONESIA by Chris Lundry A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 2 May 2009 SEPARATISM AND STATE COHESION IN EASTERN INDONESIA by Chris Lundry has been approved April 2009 Graduate Supervisory Committee: Sheldon Simon, Chair James Rush Michael Mitchell ACCEPTED BY THE GRADUATE COLLEGE NOTE: PAGE NUMBERS IN THIS ELECTRONIC VERSION OF THE DISSERTATION MAY DIFFER FROM THE ORIGINAL. (Please include a reference to "www.papuaweb.org version" in citations of this dissertation) 3 ABSTRACT Separatism has plagued Indonesia since its independence. This dissertation examines four cases of separatism in Indonesia, including the South Moluccas, West Papua, and East Timor, as well as one case where separatism did not emerge, Sumba. It describes sovereignty in Indonesia since its inception, considering ideological challenges including communist, Islamist, and federalist, and concludes that sovereignty in Indonesia was tenuous prior to the New Order period (1965-1998). Using case study methodology, each case is examined to determine the predominant factors that led to separatism, including the role of elites, poverty, the method of incorporation, religion and culture, and political participation. It then examines Sumba in the context of these variables to determine why a separatist movement did not emerge in that region, despite a juridical basis for separatism. Political participation, social continuity, and the role of the elites prove to be the deciding factors in the emergence of separatism. This dissertation also examines the factors that led to the defeat of separatists in the South Moluccas, the persistence in West Papua, and the success in East Timor and concludes that the causes of the emergence of separatism are not the same as the causes of the persistence of separatism.
[Show full text]