DOCSLIB.ORG

Improving the Sea Defense of Central Termoeléctrica Antonio Guiteras

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improving the Sea Defense of Central Termoeléctrica Antonio Guiteras Improving the sea defense of Central Termoeléctrica Antonio Guiteras Multi-Disciplinary Project, 2020 Document : Improving the sea defense of Central Thermo Electrico Antonio Guiteras Place and date : Havana, January 2020 Authors : Robin van den Berg : Matthijs Buijs : Tjerk Krijger : Alexandra Rijnink : Wessel Vrijmoeth University : Delft University of Technology Faculty : Faculty of Civil Engineering & Geosciences Department : Hydraulic Engineering Supervisors TU Delft : Dr. Robert Lanzafame, Dr. Olivier Hoes CUJAE : Prof. dr. ir. Luis Fermín Córdova López Cover photo: Satellite image of hurricane Irma on September 8, 2017 at 8:00 a.m. (UTC -6:00) (NOAA, 2017) Sponsors Delft Deltas, Infrastructures & Mobility Initiative (DIMI) Universiteitsfonds Delft Waterbouwfonds Delft (not a logo available) Universities Polytechnic José Antonio Echeverria Delft University of Technology (Ciudad Universitaria José Antonio Echeverría) 2 3 Preface This report is the result of a throughout study executed by five Civil Engineering students from the Technical University of Delft. A part of the master program is doing a project with students from different master disciplines. This project is performed by students from the Hydraulic Engineering and Water management disciplines. The goal of the project was to improve the sea defense in front of the Central Thermo Electrico Antonio Guiteras. This powerplant is situated in the province Matanzas, close to the capital of Cuba. To experience civil engineering in Cuba and obtain information directly from the source, the project team was situated in Havana. For a little more than two months the project was executed at Universidad Tecnológica de la Habana José Antonio Echeverría (CUJAE). Here prof. dr. ir. L. F. Córdova López was to our everyday availability to answer all our questions. We want to thank him for his excellent guidance throughout the whole project. Furthermore, we want to thank the people who helped us back in The Netherlands; our supervisors Dr. Robert Lanzafame, and Dr. Olivier Hoes. A special thanks to Chris Lashley who was of great help with our XBeach model. We would also like to thank Deltares for supplying us with the Delft3D license. We have learned a lot from this project. A running Delft3D and XBeach model was created and a final solution which meets our requirements was designed. Next to this, we had a great experience in Cuba. Robin van den Berg, Matthijs Buijs, Tjerk Krijger, Alexandra Rijnink, Wessel Vrijmoeth Havana, January 2020 4 Abstract The central Thermo Electrico Antonio Guiteras (CTE Antonio Guiteras) is a thermoelectric power plant located in the bay of Matanzas. In 2017, hurricane Irma passed the north coast of Cuba and destroyed the primary sea defense in front of the CTE, causing major damage to the plant. The power plant is renovated, and a new and improved sea defense is currently being constructed. Before Irma, the coastal defense consisted of a wall parallel to the coastline. The wall was made of multiple impermeable rectangular concrete blocks, placed on a seal. The blocks were not anchored to the seal. During Irma the blocks were displaced and severally damaged. The new sea defense is designed by the Cuban engineering and architecture company EMPAI. The design consists of a concrete wall with a steep slope and a bullnose on top. It has a tooth-shaped anchorage to prevent the wall from sliding. Instead of reinforcement steel the wall is strengthened by carbon fiber strings. The wall can be divided in four sections: sections A-1, A-2, B and C. The sections differ in orientation and height. Section B and C are situated further away from the coastline and section C has a berm in front of the wall. The goal of this report is to answer the following question: to what extend is the power plant protected during extreme weather conditions and what improvements are needed to ensure that the power plant can remain operational during these extreme weather conditions? First it needs to be determined which extreme weather events are of importance in the scope of this project. Two extreme weather events occur in Cuba; cold fronts and tropical cyclones. Cold fronts generate maximum wind speeds corresponding to a category 3 tropical cyclone, meaning that a category 5 cyclone like Irma can generate wind speeds that are much higher than those of a cold front. Cold fronts have a higher probability of occurrence, but since the coastline of the CTE is located perpendicular to the North-East, waves generated by cold fronts have little influence on the project site. Hence, only tropical cyclones are assessed in this report. To determine what the hydrodynamic and meteorological effects are of this extreme weather event, a synthetic tropical cyclone is created. This synthetic hurricane must generate large significant waves in combination with a big storm surge, to have severe impact on the CTE. It must also have a significant probability of occurrence. To determine this normative synthetic hurricane, multiple synthetic hurricanes are simulated in Delft3D and XBeach and their corresponding return period is determined. As Irma significantly damaged the CTE, this hurricane is taken as the basis for all synthetic hurricane combinations. The hurricanes each vary from Irma in maximum wind velocities, forward speeds and their tracks. To set up a reliable Delft3D model, first hurricane Irma is simulated and iteratively validated with actual recorded data. To simulate the physics of hurricane Irma, a spiderweb grid is created at the locations of the hourly best track of Irma. The grid has a radius of 600 kilometers around the eye of the hurricane. This spiderweb grid is loaded into a Matlab script, which gives as output a spiderweb grid with for each grid point a pressure value, a wind speed value and a wind direction, all calculated according to the Holland formula. This is then used in the Delft3D model as input for the pressure and wind fields of the hurricane. The hurricanes follow one of the following two tracks; Irma’s hourly best track or Irma’s hourly best track shifted 1.5 degrees latitude to the North. During the period of 31st of August 2017 06:00 till the 11th of September 2017 12:00 Irma was classified as a TC. This period of six days is simulated with time steps of 10 minutes. Prior to this period of six days, the hurricane is pinned at the border of the Delft3D grid for two days together with a uniform wind over the entire grid, to simulate a fully developed sea state. The output of the Delft3D model is validated with recorded data of observations stations in the Gulf of Mexico. Recorded water levels and wind speeds of buoys near Key West are used for validation. Additionally, wave heights of buoys in the middle of the sea, quite far away from the CTE, are used. XBeach is used to simulate the nearshore physical processes. XBeach can more accurately predict wave propagation and includes higher order processes in its simulation. As input for the XBeach model, the output of the Delft3D model is used. 5 After running all the synthetic hurricanes in Delft3D, the five resulting normative hurricanes are run in XBeach. The synthetic hurricane that creates the largest significant wave heights at the project area is taken as a basis for the final design. It has a return period of 1580 years. This combination has very high wind speeds with peak gusts of 80 m/s, a low forward speed of 3 m/s and follows Irma’s track on the north side of Cuba, close to the shore of the CTE. This hurricane gives a maximum significant wave height of 8.8 m with a corresponding storm surge of 1.61 m at the location of the CTE. The mean significant wave height is 6.49 m with a standard deviation of 0.92 m during a period of 3.5 hours. With these values a research on the current defense wall is done. This study shows that sections A-1, A-2 and B all have an unacceptable failure probability due to overtopping if the modeled normative synthetic hurricane would occur. Section C also shows an unacceptable failure probability but is less under-designed than the other sections. For all sections, adjustments to the current design need to be made. Section A-2 also contains an inlet channel for cooling water, this proves to be a difficult element in the design. In normal conditions an open channel to sea does not provide a problem, during a storm however large amounts of water can flood in and the defense wall can be damaged at this location. To improve the existing design, several alternatives are possible for each function of the sea defense. Four functionalities can be distinguished and will be discussed separately. These are; wave reduction, barrier, gap protection and drainage capacity. The first is wave reduction, which will cause waves to lose part of their height and consequently create less impact. The best way to improve this is by placing a pile screen on the foreshore. The second function is the barrier directly in front of the CTE. This is meant to stop the waves and limit overtopping. In this situation a seawall is the most suitable option. The slope can be adjusted, and design of the wall can be optimized to influence the overtopping. To improve the existing sea defense, a solution needs to be sought for the inlet channel. The solution must allow the continuous flow of water but must provide more safety against flooding during an extreme storm condition. The option examined to protect the gap is to construct higher walls around the channel and basin. Improving the drainage of the area of the power plant gives the advantage that water that enters as either precipitation, overtopping or overflow can be discharged and hence make sure that vital parts of the power plant are not flooded.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Intense Hurricane Activity Over the Past 1500 Years at South Andros
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Intense Hurricane Activity Over the Past 1500 Years 10.1029/2019PA003665 at South Andros Island, The Bahamas Key Points: E. J. Wallace1 , J. P. Donnelly2 , P. J. van Hengstum3,4, C. Wiman5, R. M. Sullivan4,2, • Sediment cores from blue holes on 4 2 6 7 Andros Island record intense T. S. Winkler , N. E. d'Entremont , M. Toomey , and N. Albury hurricane activity over the past 1 millennium and a half Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography, Woods • Multi‐decadal shifts in Intertropical Hole, Massachusetts, USA, 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Convergence Zone position and Hole, Massachusetts, USA, 3Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA, volcanic activity modulate the 4Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, 5School of Earth and Sustainability, hurricane patterns observed on 6 Andros Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, • Hurricane patterns on Andros Reston, Virginia, USA, 7National Museum of The Bahamas, Nassau, The Bahamas match patterns from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico but are anti‐phased with patterns from New Abstract Hurricanes cause substantial loss of life and resources in coastal areas. Unfortunately, England historical hurricane records are too short and incomplete to capture hurricane‐climate interactions on ‐ ‐ ‐ Supporting Information: multi decadal and longer timescales. Coarse grained, hurricane induced deposits preserved in blue holes • Supporting Information S1 in the Caribbean can provide records of past hurricane activity extending back thousands of years. Here we present a high resolution record of intense hurricane events over the past 1500 years from a blue hole on South Andros Island on the Great Bahama Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 15 Hurricane Structure
    MET 200 Lecture 15 Hurricanes Last Lecture: Atmospheric Optics Structure and Climatology The amazing variety of optical phenomena observed in the atmosphere can be explained by four physical mechanisms. • What is the structure or anatomy of a hurricane? • How to build a hurricane? - hurricane energy • Hurricane climatology - when and where Hurricane Katrina • Scattering • Reflection • Refraction • Diffraction 1 2 Colorado Flood Damage Hurricanes: Useful Websites http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/ http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html http://tropic.ssec.wisc.edu http://www.nhc.noaa.gov Hurricane Alberto Hurricanes are much broader than they are tall. 3 4 Hurricane Raymond Hurricane Raymond 5 6 Hurricane Raymond Hurricane Raymond 7 8 Hurricane Raymond: wind shear Typhoon Francisco 9 10 Typhoon Francisco Typhoon Francisco 11 12 Typhoon Francisco Typhoon Francisco 13 14 Typhoon Lekima Typhoon Lekima 15 16 Typhoon Lekima Hurricane Priscilla 17 18 Hurricane Priscilla Hurricanes are Tropical Cyclones Hurricanes are a member of a family of cyclones called Tropical Cyclones. West of the dateline these storms are called Typhoons. In India and Australia they are called simply Cyclones. 19 20 Hurricane Isaac: August 2012 Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones • Low pressure systems that don’t have fronts • Cyclonic winds (counter clockwise in Northern Hemisphere) • Anticyclonic outflow (clockwise in NH) at upper levels • Warm at their center or core • Wind speeds decrease with height • Symmetric structure about clear "eye" • Latent heat from condensation in clouds primary energy source • Form over warm tropical and subtropical oceans NASA VIIRS Day-Night Band 21 22 • Differences between hurricanes and midlatitude storms: Differences between hurricanes and midlatitude storms: – energy source (latent heat vs temperature gradients) - Winter storms have cold and warm fronts (asymmetric).
    [Show full text]
  • Caribbean Hurricanes
    YEMEN - COMPLEX EMERGENCY FACT SHEET #7, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2016 JANUARY 1, 2016 CARIBBEAN – HURRICANES FACT SHEET #2, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2017 SEPTEMBER 8, 2017 NUMBERS AT HIGHLIGHTS HUMANITARIAN FUNDING A GLANCE FOR THE HURRICANE IRMA RESPONSE Hurricane Irma remains a significant IN FY 2017 threat to The Bahamas, while Hurricane USAID/OFDA1 $200,000 155 mph Jose may exacerbate the situation on the island of Barbuda, which sustained Sustained Wind Speed of widespread damage from the passage of Hurricane Irma $200,000 NHC – September 8, 2017 Hurricane Irma USAID/OFDA is providing $200,000 to address hurricane-related needs in Up to 20 Antigua and Barbuda and The Bahamas feet Assessments of hurricane-affected areas of Hispaniola have commenced, with Potential Storm Surge in The Bahamas from initial reports suggesting less damage Hurricane Irma than expected NHC – September 8, 2017 Up to 20 KEY DEVELOPMENTS The National Hurricane Center (NHC) anticipates that Hurricane Irma will affect The inches Bahamas through September 9 as the storm continues tracking northwestward across the Anticipated Rainfall in northern Caribbean. The storm is bringing sustained winds of nearly 160 miles per hour Isolated Areas of (mph), storm surge of up to 20 feet, and 10–15 inches of rain to The Bahamas, according The Bahamas from Hurricane Irma to NHC forecasts. NHC – September 8, 2017 Hurricane Irma had passed north of Hispaniola as of September 8, and initial reports indicate some localized flooding along the northern coast of Haiti, although overall damage appears less than expected given the intensity of the hurricane. The Government 150 mph of Haiti and humanitarian organizations have commenced damage assessments of Sustained Wind Speed of storm-affected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Irma-ENG-20170910.Pdf
    The Caribbean: Hurricane Irma Situation Report No. 4 (as of 10 September 2017) This report is produced by OCHA ROLAC in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It covers the first period from 06 to 10 September, 2017. The next report will be issued on or around 12 September 2017. Highlights • Irma hit Cuba as the first category 5 hurricane to make landfall in the country since 1924, causing massive destruction and widespread flooding along its northern coast. • Irma upgraded to a category 4 hurricane as it pummeled Florida state in US on 10 September has left three people dead. • Most of the Caribbean islands battered by Irma were spared by Hurricane Jose. • People of Turks and Caicos are in urgent need of emergency relief. • Livelihoods, housing and infrastructure in Anguilla, Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, St. Martin/St. Maartin, the US Virgin Islands, and Turks and Caicos are severely affected. • Reports of extensive damage to agriculture are coming in from Haiti and Cuba. • The number of dead and missing is expected to rise as communications and access are gradually restored across the Caribbean. • Several organizations and Governments are deploying pre-positioned teams and supplies and Evacuations in Barbuda on 08 September / UN Assessment team in Antigua assessments have begun in some areas. and Barbuda 25 34,000 17,000 1.2 million people reported dead people displaced in the people in need of people affected by damage across affected territories. Dominican Republic and immediate shelter across to water infrastructure in Haiti the affected eastern the affected areas of the Caribbean islands Dominican Republic Situation Overview Most of the smaller Caribbean islands which faced the onslaught of Irma were spared by Hurricane Jose.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Irma
    Information Bulletin Americas: Hurricane Irma Information Bulletin no. 4 Date of issue: 11 September 2017 Point of contact: Felipe Del Cid, Disaster and Crisis Department Period covered by this bulletin: 9– Continental Operations Coordinator, email: [email protected] 11 September 2017 Red Cross Movement actors currently involved in the operation: The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), American Red Cross, Antigua and Barbuda Red Cross, British Red Cross overseas branches, Bahamas Red Cross Society, Canadian Red Cross Society, Cuban Red Cross, Dominican Red Cross Society, French Red Cross-PIRAC (Regional Intervention Platform for the Americas and the Caribbean), Haiti Red Cross Society, Italian Red Cross, Netherlands Red Cross overseas branches, Norwegian Red Cross, Saint Kitts and Nevis Red Cross Society, Spanish Red Cross, Swiss Red Cross, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). N° of other partner organizations involved in the operation: Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA), United Nations system agencies (UNICEF, WFP, FAO, OCHA, IOM), DG-ECHO, Pan American Health Organization [PAHO], government of affected countries, USAID/OFDA, DFID, among others. This bulletin is being issued for information only; it reflects the current situation and details available at this time. Information bulletins no.1, 2 and 3 are available here. The Situation On 11 September, the centre of Tropical Storm Irma was located near latitude 30.3 North, longitude 83.1 West at 11:00 EDT. The centre of Irma is in southwestern Georgia at present. On the forecast track, it will move into eastern Alabama Tuesday morning. After its passage through Cuba on 9 September, Irma severely impacted northern and central Cuba, causing coastal and river flooding.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Damage Detection on Four Major Caribbean Islands T ⁎ Kirsten M
    Remote Sensing of Environment 229 (2019) 1–13 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Remote Sensing of Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rse Hurricane damage detection on four major Caribbean islands T ⁎ Kirsten M. de Beursa, , Noel S. McThompsona, Braden C. Owsleya, Geoffrey M. Henebryb,c a Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, United States of America b Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, United States of America c Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, United States of America ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Tropical cyclones are natural events that transform into natural disasters as they approach and reach land. In Hurricanes 2017 alone, tropical cyclones caused an estimated $215 billion in damage. While MODIS data are regularly used Droughts in the analysis of hurricanes and typhoons, damage studies typically focus on just a few events without providing MODIS a comprehensive overview and comparison across events. The MODIS record is now sufficiently long to enable Disturbance standardization in time, allowing us to extend previously developed disturbance methodology and to remove Tasseled Cap dependency on land cover datasets. We apply this new approach to detect the impact of both droughts and hurricanes on the four largest Caribbean islands since 2001. We find that the percentage of disturbed land on the four islands varies from approximately 0–50% between 2001 and 2017, with the highest percentages coinciding with major droughts in Cuba, and Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. We demonstrate that (1) Hurricane Maria resulted in significant disturbance across 50% of Puerto Rico (4549 km2), and (2) gradual recovery started about 2.5 months after the hurricane hit.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane & Tropical Storm
    5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded 10/01/21 04:51 PM UTC JULY 2003 ANNUAL SUMMARY 1455
    1454 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 131 ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2001 JOHN L. BEVEN II, STACY R. STEWART,MILES B. LAWRENCE,LIXION A. AVILA,JAMES L. FRANKLIN, AND RICHARD J. PASCH NOAA/NWS/Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 19 July 2002, in ®nal form 9 December 2002) ABSTRACT Activity during the 2001 hurricane season was similar to that of the 2000 season. Fifteen tropical storms developed, with nine becoming hurricanes and four major hurricanes. Two tropical depressions failed to become tropical storms. Similarities to the 2000 season include overall activity much above climatological levels and most of the cyclones occurring over the open Atlantic north of 258N. The overall ``lateness'' of the season was notable, with 11 named storms, including all the hurricanes, forming after 1 September. There were no hurricane landfalls in the United States for the second year in a row. However, the season's tropical cyclones were responsible for 93 deaths, including 41 from Tropical Storm Allison in the United States, and 48 from Hurricanes Iris and Michelle in the Caribbean. 1. Overview of the 2001 season cycleÐsimultaneously exhibiting characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones (Hebert 1973). The National Hurricane Center (NHC) tracked 15 No hurricanes struck the United States during 2001. tropical cyclones (TCs) that achieved tropical storm or The season thus joins the 2000, 1990, and 1951 seasons hurricane strength in the Atlantic basin during 2001 as years in which eight or more hurricanes occurred (Table 1). Nine of these became hurricanes and four without a U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020
    1 A Hyperactive End to the Atlantic Hurricane Season: October–November 2020 2 3 Philip J. Klotzbach* 4 Department of Atmospheric Science 5 Colorado State University 6 Fort Collins CO 80523 7 8 Kimberly M. Wood# 9 Department of Geosciences 10 Mississippi State University 11 Mississippi State MS 39762 12 13 Michael M. Bell 14 Department of Atmospheric Science 15 Colorado State University 16 Fort Collins CO 80523 17 1 18 Eric S. Blake 19 National Hurricane Center 1 Early Online Release: This preliminary version has been accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, may be fully cited, and has been assigned DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. The final typeset copyedited article will replace the EOR at the above DOI when it is published. © 2021 American Meteorological Society Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC 20 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 21 Miami FL 33165 22 23 Steven G. Bowen 24 Aon 25 Chicago IL 60601 26 27 Louis-Philippe Caron 28 Ouranos 29 Montreal Canada H3A 1B9 30 31 Barcelona Supercomputing Center 32 Barcelona Spain 08034 33 34 Jennifer M. Collins 35 School of Geosciences 36 University of South Florida 37 Tampa FL 33620 38 2 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/26/21 05:03 AM UTC Accepted for publication in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. DOI 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0312.1. 39 Ethan J. Gibney 40 UCAR/Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science 41 San Diego, CA 92127 42 43 Carl J. Schreck III 44 North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System 45 Studies (CISESS) 46 North Carolina State University 47 Asheville NC 28801 48 49 Ryan E.
    [Show full text]
  • Summit Moved Closer to Cuban Positions LADB Staff
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 12-13-2001 Summit Moved Closer to Cuban Positions LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Summit Moved Closer to Cuban Positions." (2001). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen/8913 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 53244 ISSN: 1089-1560 Summit Moved Closer to Cuban Positions by LADB Staff Category/Department: Cuba Published: 2001-12-13 Havana is confident that, at the XI Ibero-American Summit in Lima, Peru, Nov. 23-24, delegates from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain, and Portugal moved closer to Cuban views on terrorism and the globalized economy. Adopting wording almost identical to the Cuban proposal on terrorism they rejected at the previous summit, the delegates then focused on poverty and economic development. Cuban President Fidel Castro did not attend the summit because of the crisis in Cuba caused by Hurricane Michelle (see NotiCen, 2001-11-29). Vice President Carlos Lage represented Cuba. The tenth summit, which took place last year in Panama, split apart over the terrorism issue. A heated exchange occurred after Castro accused Salvadoran President Francisco Flores of harboring known terrorist Luis Posada Carriles, who was living in El Salvador and traveling on a Salvadoran passport. In Castro's view, states that did not arrest known terrorists like Posada Carriles contributed to the history of terrorist attacks on Cuba carried out by Cuban exiles living in the US.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand in Hand Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change: Investigating the Response of Tropical Cyclones to the Warming World
    UNIVERSITY OF EXETER Hand in Hand Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change: Investigating the Response of Tropical Cyclones to the Warming World by Kopal Arora A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Mathematics in the Faculty of Mathematics College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences 12 February 2018 Declaration of Authorship \Hand in Hand Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change: Investigating the Re- sponse of Tropical Cyclones to the Warming World" is submitted by Kopal Arora, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Master of Philosophy, submitted on October 29, 2018, for examination. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signed: Date: October 29, 2018 i UNIVERSITY OF EXETER Abstract Faculty of Mathematics College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences Master of Philosophy in Mathematics by Kopal Arora iii What are the primary factors governing Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity (TCPI) and how does the TCPI vary with the change in CO2 concentration are the two fundamental questions we investigated here. In the first part, a strong spatial correlation between the TCPI and the ocean temperature underneath was used to develop a statistical model to quantify the TCPI over the remote regions where the TC related observations are difficult to acquire.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Risk in Jamaica : Recent Damage and Loss Due to Tropical Cyclones in Jamaica
    Flood Risk in Jamaica : Recent Damage and Loss due to tropical cyclones in Jamaica. Report prepared as part of the Climate Change and Inland Flooding in Jamaica: Risk and Adaptation Measures for Vulnerable Communities : Disaster Risk Management and Policies in Jamaica. David Smith1and Arpita Mandal2 Caribbean territories are highly vulnerable to the impacts of hazards, which may be natural, resulting from hydro-meteorological, seismic or geologic triggers or anthropological. Studies of damage and loss due to floods in the Caribbean are few and studies relating damage to intensity of the event are even fewer. For example, the EM-DAT database indicates that 119 floods occurred in the Caribbean since 1983. This resulted in 49833 deaths, 3,963,286 people affected and damage of 866,325,000 US dollars4. Of this figure, 3353 (67%) deaths occurred in a single event in Hispaniola in 2004. The figures for damage are missing for 99 of the 119 events. It has been suggested that disaster risk reduction requires good data not just on the impact of hazards, but also on the nature, magnitude and extent of hazards to be effective. In the Caribbean, assessments of damage and loss have been carried out by the governments of affected countries or by UN ECLAC. While these studies may indicate the severity of the event; few non-economic data are quantified, nor are data presented so that damage can be related quantitatively to the severity of events or compared quantitatively between events, though some qualitative analysis is possible. Notwithstanding this, economic damage and loss due to tropical cyclones in the Caribbean are significant proportion of GDP with some events causing damage and loss of more than 100% of GDP.
    [Show full text]