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A Revision of the Sugarcane Scale Insect Aspidiotus

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A Revision of the Sugarcane Scale Insect Aspidiotus A Revision of the sugarcane scale insect Aspidiotus glomeratus Green, with descriptions of a new genus and a new Title species (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) Author(s) Takagi, Sadao Insecta matsumurana. New series : journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University, series entomology, 75, Citation 81-94 Issue Date 2019-11 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/76250 Type bulletin (article) File Information 04_Takagi_Aspidiotus_IM75.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP INSECTA MATSUMURANA NEW SERIES 75: 81–94 OCTOBER 2019 A REVISION OF THE SUGARCANE SCALE INSECT ASPIDIOTUS GLOMERATUS GREEN, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND A NEW SPECIES (STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA: DIASPIDIDAE) By SADAO TAKAGI Abstract TAKAGI, S. 2019. A revision of the sugarcane scale insect Aspidiotus glomeratus Green, with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Ins. matsum. n. s. 75: 81–94, 5 figs. Aspidiotus (Targionia) glomeratus Green, 1903, a pest of sugarcane in the Indian Subcontinent and currently known under the name Melanaspis glomerata, is revised on the basis of two samples collected in lowland Nepal and India. A new genus, Gannaspis, is proposed for it and another species, G. miscanthi, n.sp., which occurs in the Ryûkyû Islands, Japan, on Miscanthus sinensis. Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi, 1913) was collected in northwestern India on Pistacia khinjuk, and is adopted for a comparison with the Gannaspis species. It is compared also with the description of Melanaspis pistaciae Hosseininaveh et al., 2016, a closely similar form occurring in Iran. Notes are made on Melanaspis nothofagi Hardy and Williams, 2018, described from New Caledonia. Author’s address. Hukuzumi 3–3–4–16, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, 062–0043 Japan (E-mail: [email protected]). Contents. Introduction — Description of Aspidiotus glomeratus in Green, 1903 — Descriptions of the taxa: Gannaspis, n.g.*; Gannaspis glomerata (=Aspidiotus glomeratus Green), n.comb.*; Gannaspis miscanthi, n.sp. — Supplementary notes 1: Idenfication with Melanaspis inopinata* — Supplementary notes 2: Melanaspis nothofagi from New Caledonia — Acknowledgements — References — Figures. *Scientific paper for the united projects: Hokkaidô University Expeditions to the Himalaya; Research Trips for Agricultural and Forest Insects in the Subcontinent of India; Systematic and Ecological Surveys on Some Plant-parasitic Microarthropods in Southeast Asia. 81 INTRODUCTION The armoured scale insect belonging to the tribe Aspidiotini and generally known under the name Melanaspis glomerata is a pest of sugarcane in the Indian Subcontinent. It should have been native to some area in India, but it occurs now broadly in the Subcontinent in association with sugarcane cultivation. It was originally described under the name Aspidiotus (Targionia) glomeratus by Green in 1903, though it is not certain that he recognized Targionia as a good taxon, whether generic or subgeneric. Fernald (1903) in her catalogue, however, listed the species as Targionia glomerata (Green), and this name was used occasionally thereafter. MacGillivray (1921) transferred the scale insect to Aonidiella, whereas McKenzie (1938) in his study on Aonidiella excluded the species from the genus. Lindinger (1943) made a list of ‘Schildlausnamen’ for emending ‘Fulmeks Wirtsindex 1943’, without giving, however, any explanation for the genus-species combinations he adopted. In this list he mentioned 16 species including Aspidiotus glomeratus as members of Melanaspis, but ten of them were referred to other genera thereafter. In spite of all this, the name Melanaspis glomerata has generally been adopted since that time in many publications in applied field as well as in taxonomic catalogues and species lists. It seems to me that no one has ever examined the generic position of this scale insect on the basis of real material since Green described the species, and that the description and illustration given by Green are the only available ones of the species based on an actual taxonomic observation. In my surveys of scale insects in tropical Asia I concentrated on collecting from wild plants, because the wild fauna of this insect group was generally not well known in this region. Moreover, orchards and plantations as well as home gardens were excluded from my surveys except for limited cases where I was accepted by any persons concerned of those grounds, owners or others, whom I met there by chance. As a result, my collection remains very meagre in scale insects associated with cultivated plants, and this is the case also with sugarcane. However, a sample of a sugarcane-associated aspidiotine species I collected in lowland Nepal and another sample of the same species collected in India and granted to me have been available for the present study. In comparing these two samples with Green’s description and illustration I have been convinced that the samples should represent nothing other than Aspidiotus glomeratus. I reproduce in this paper Green’s description and illustration of the species, the description at the end of Introduction and the illustration in Fig. 1. Having been published in the early twentieth century, they are naturally not sufficiently detailed. However, his illustration clearly depicts the features of the pygidial margin, which generally provide a good basis for identification. Furthermore, no other aspidiotine scale insects which may be confused with Aspidiotus glomeratus have been recorded from sugarcane in Asia. There has been available for my study another aspidiotine species which was collected on Miscanthus sinensis, another poaceous grass, in the Ryûkyû Islands, Japan. It is very close to A. glomeratus and undoubtedly congeneric with the latter. These two species do not belong to any of the genera in which A. glomeratus was placed in the past, so far as those genera are understood in the current concepts. I have failed to find any other established genus to which they may be transferred. In the present paper, therefore, I propose a new genus for accepting these two species, of which the one occurring in 82 the Ryûkyû Islands is also described as new. The new genus is distinct from Targionia and Melanaspis not only in their morphological characters but also in their geographical distributions. Description of Aspidiotus glomeratus in Green, 1903 Aspidiotus (Targionia) glomeratus, sp. nov. Female puparia crowded and adhering together in such a manner that it is difficult to isolate a single individual. Form irregularly circular, slightly convex. Colour smoky- brown or grayish-black. Pellicles large, shining black; normally concealed beneath a covering of the fuliginous secretion. Ventral scale whitish, stout, entire. Diameter 2.50 mm. Male puparium similar to that of female, but much smaller and more oval. Long diameter 1 mm. Adult ♀ of normal oval form (pl. xviii, fig. 1); cephalothorax evenly rounded, spiracles without parastigmatic glands, surrounded by a concentrically wrinkled area. Pygidium (fig. 1, a) deltoid. Lobes six, prominent, well defined, with evenly rounded edges; the thickened bases extending inwards (fig. 1, b). Four claviform thickened processes (paraphyses) extending inwards between the lobes, two on each side. Margin beyond the lobes strongly but irregularly serrate. Pectinate squames between the lobes. No circumgenital glands. A strong chitinous bar—interrupted in two places—extending across base of pygidium. Genital aperture anterior to anal. Numerous oval pores, with thickened chitinous rims, on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, connected with long filiform ducts. Length 1.50 to 1.75 mm. Breadth 1.20 to 1.40 mm. Adult ♂ not observed. Habitat: Beneath the sheathing bases of leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum officinale) in association with Aclerda japonica, Newst. Collected by Dr. Geo. Watt (Reg. No. 11830-9). No locality given. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE TAXA Gannaspis, n.g. Type species. Aspidiotus (Targionia) glomeratus Green, 1903. Etymology. Composed of ganna (meaning sugarcane in Hindi) and aspis (shield in Greek). Recognition characters Adult female at full growth broadly obpyriform, with prepygidial region rounded and membranous, and with pygidium produced, deltoid in outline, and sclerotized especially strongly on a broad apical area. Spiracles with no accompanying disc pores. Dorsal surface of pygidium with subbasal intersegmental furrow (assumed to occur between fourth and fifth abdominal segments) interrupted to form submedian and submarginal portions. Anal opening ovate, situated posteriorly to centre of pygidium and in a narrow elongate sclerotized area of derm; vulvar opening much anterior to anal. Dorsal ducts of pygidium long filiform, with orifice small, sclerotized around rim; forming oblique rows arising on pygidial margin and running along supposed mesal borders of fourth to sixth abdominal segments, the sclerotization of derm on apical area of pygidium extending anteriorly along each of these rows; scattered in a broad apical 83 area of pygidium; forming a loose cluster in intermediate area anterolaterally to anal opening; and arranged along submarginal portion of subbasal intersegmental furrow. Ventral ducts of pygidium shorter, scattered in a broad submarginal area. Trullae (pygidial lobes) distinct in three pairs, robust, broadly roundish on apical margin; median trullae largest, separated from each other by a space much narrower than one of them, each basally with an elongate sclerosis
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