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What Is X3D? Whose Product Is X3D? Why Is X3D
X3D: THE REAL-TIME 3D SOLUTION FOR THE WORLD-WIDE WEB What is X3D? X3D (Extensible 3D) is a royalty-free and openly published standard file format specification and run-time architecture to represent and communicate 3D objects, events, behaviors and environments. The X3D suite of International Standards Organization (ISO) ratified standards provide a robust abstraction for the storage, retrieval and playback of real time 4D graphics content across diverse platforms. The extensible scene graph model of X3D can be equivalently encoded in a number of valid, secure and efficient encodings and be accessed and manipulated through a number of languages Why is X3D important? using a common API. Development has evolved from its beginnings as the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) It allows applications to communicate over the Web using ISO standard to the considerably more advanced and an ISO-certified scene graph model, encoded in multiple expressive X3D. formats (XML, Binary, VRML-Classic) and bind-able to multiple languages (e.g. ECMA, Java) Whose product is X3D? It is modular and extensible, saving development time and money and providing value to vendor and consumer Extensible 3D (X3D) It is free for use – not relying on propriety formats and (www.web3d.org/x3d) is a royalty- upgrades for a lifetime 4D content lifecycle free open ISO standard managed It provides multiple generation and authoring pathways by the Web3D Consortium. The It enables content developers and tool makers to build on X3D specifications are driven by each other and a common fabric for cyberspace members and available to the It is a vision designed and developed through community public. -
Introduction Ch01 7/24/2000 12:00 PM Page 1
ch01 7/24/2000 12:00 PM Page 100 1 PartPart Introduction ch01 7/24/2000 12:00 PM Page 1 Chapter 1 Why Bother?, 2 Chapter 2 Overview of Web3D,30 Chapter 3 Entering the Third Dimension, 62 ch01 7/24/2000 12:00 PM Page 2 WHY BOTHER? Topics in This Chapter • Why 3D was unable to reach the mass of Web users before today • Unveiling key Web3D technologies (VRML, X3D, Java 3D, and MPEG-4/BIFS) and the Web3D Consortium • An overview of yesterday’s roadblocks: bandwidth, platform, and authoring-tool limitations • Exploring how Web3D facilitates product and data visualization, eCommerce and business applications, entertainment, Web page enhancement, and news and advertisement enhancement • A tour of the Web3D future by way of VRML sites available today ch01 7/24/2000 12:00 PM Page 3 1 ChapterChapter D is difficult. Extremely difficult. Thinking and working in three di- mensions is natural for human beings; we do it every moment of every 3day. Our brains are wired for three dimensions because our world is made up of three dimensions: height, width, and depth. But “3D”—the field of computer science that deals expressly with creating, manipulating, and navigating computer content in three dimensions—is difficult. Extremely dif- ficult. It should come as no surprise, then, that Web3D—the distribution and navigation of 3D content over the World Wide Web—is also difficult. In fact, it’s more technologically challenging than traditional 3D, owing to the high bandwidth required to smoothly deliver realistic 3D content through the In- ternet. -
The Uch Enmek Example(Altai Republic,Siberia)
Faculty of Environmental Sciences Institute for Cartography Master Thesis Concept and Implementation of a Contextualized Navigable 3D Landscape Model: The Uch Enmek Example(Altai Republic,Siberia). Mussab Mohamed Abuelhassan Abdalla Born on: 7th December 1983 in Khartoum Matriculation number: 4118733 Matriculation year: 2014 to achieve the academic degree Master of Science (M.Sc.) Supervisors Dr.Nikolas Prechtel Dr.Sander Münster Submitted on: 18th September 2017 Faculty of Environmental Sciences Institute for Cartography Task for the preparation of a Master Thesis Name: Mussab Mohamed Abuelhassan Abdalla Matriculation number: 4118733 Matriculation year: 2014 Title: Concept and Implementation of a Contextualized Navigable 3D Landscape Model: The Uch Enmek Example(Altai Republic,Siberia). Objectives of work Scope/Previous Results:Virtual Globes can attract and inform websites visitors on natural and cultural objects and sceneries.Geo-centered information transfer is suitable for majority of sites and artifacts. Virtual Globes have been tested with an involvement of TUD institutes: e.g. the GEPAM project (Weller,2013), and an archaeological excavation site in the Altai Mountains ("Uch enmek", c.f. Schmid 2012, Schubert 2014).Virtual Globes technology should be flexible in terms of the desired geo-data configuration. Research data should be controlled by the authors. Modes of linking geo-objects to different types of meta-information seems evenly important for a successful deployment. Motivation: For an archaeological conservation site ("Uch Enmek") effort has already been directed into data collection, model development and an initial web-based presentation.The present "Open Web Globe" technology is not developed any further, what calls for a migra- tion into a different web environment. -
A Streamable Format for Generalized Web-Based 3D Data Transmission
SRC - A Streamable Format for Generalized Web-based 3D Data Transmission Max Limper1;2 Maik Thoner¨ 1 Johannes Behr1 Dieter W. Fellner1;2 ∗ 1 Fraunhofer IGD 2 TU Darmstadt (a) 17% triangles, (b) 86% triangles, (c) 86% triangles, (d) 100% triangles, low-resolution texture low-resolution texture high-resolution texture high-resolution texture Figure 1: Streaming of mesh data, progressively encoded with the POP Buffer method, using our proposed SRC container format. We minimize the number of HTTP requests, and at the same time allow for a progressive transmission of geometry and texture information, using interleaved data chunks. Our proposed format is highly flexible, well-aligned with GPU structures, and can easily be integrated into X3D. Abstract 1 Introduction A problem that still remains with today’s technologies for 3D as- Recently, various efforts have been made in order to design file set transmission is the lack of progressive streaming of all relevant formats for transmission of 3D geometry, for the use with high- mesh and texture data, with a minimal number of HTTP requests. performance 3D applications on the Web. The ultimate goal is to Existing solutions, like glTF or X3DOM’s geometry formats, either design a solution that scales well with large data sets, enables a pro- send all data within a single batch, or they introduce an unnecessary gressive transmission of mesh data, eliminates decode time through large number of requests. Furthermore, there is still no established direct GPU uploads, and minimizes the number of HTTP requests. format for a joined, interleaved transmission of geometry data and Notable results include the WebGL-Loader library [Chun 2012], texture data. -
Emerging Web3d Web Standards and Technologies Aaron E
Emerging Web3D Web Standards and Technologies Aaron E. Walsh Mantis Development Corps | Boston College Boston, MA USA 02115 | Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 voice: +1-617-536-3279 | +1-617-552-3900 e-mail: [email protected] | [email protected] World Wide Web: http://mantiscorp.com/people/aew Web3D Web: urn:web3Dweb:people:walsh:aaron:e JPEG, and PNG) and even vector graphics (e.g., Abstract SVG and VML). More sophisticated data formats and The Web3D Web is an emerging distributed digital proprietary media types are rarely supported media platform designed specifically for three- directly by the browser, however, and typically dimensional (3D) content and other forms of rich, require a corresponding “player” that comes in the interactive media. Built using traditional Internet form of a plug-in, Active X control, applet, or and World Wide Web technologies, the Web3D helper application that can decode such content and Web enables innovative 3D applications such as allow the end user to interact with it directly within interactive movies; stereoscopic cinema; immersive the Web browser window. Because Web browsers multiplayer games; distributed virtual reality; can be easily extended in this way an astonishing synthetic environments; three-dimensional multi- array of new digital media types have been user chat; telepresence and telesurgery; simulators; introduced over the years that would not be viable if immersive distance learning; and other forms of browser vendors were required to support such high-impact content. The Web3D Web supports content natively. proprietary and open digital media data types and Although the vast majority of visual media formats to allow rich media applications to be available today on the traditional Web is two- constructed from a wide range of technologies, dimensional, having only the dimensions of height including Flash, Shockwave, Virtual Reality and width, 3D content that has the added dimension Modeling Language (VRML), Extensible 3D of depth is becoming increasingly popular. -
Gltf Overview Jan21
glTF Overview Efficient, reliable transmission of 3D Assets Neil Trevett Khronos President VP Developer Ecosystems, NVIDIA [email protected]|@neilt3d January 2021 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License © The Khronos® Group Inc. 2021 - Page 1 glTF – The JPEG of 3D! glTF spec development on open GitHub – get involved! https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF Compact to Transmit Simple and Fast to Load Describes Full Scenes Runtime Neutral Open and Extensible glTF 2.0 – June 2017 Efficient, reliable glTF 1.0 – December 2015 Native AND Web APIs transmission Primarily for WebGL Physically Based Rendering Bring 3D assets into 1000s of Uses GLSL for materials Metallic-Roughness and Specular-Glossiness apps and engines This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License © The Khronos® Group Inc. 2021 - Page 2 Core glTF 2.0 Asset Structure .gltf (JSON) Node hierarchy, PBR material textures, cameras .bin .png Geometry: vertices and indices .jpg Animation: key-frames .ktx2 Skins: inverse-bind matrices Textures PBR stands for “Physically-Based Rendering” Mandatory Metallic-Roughness Materials Base Color (Albedo) | Metalness | Roughness Emission | Normal Map | Baked Ambient Occlusion Optional Specular-Glossiness Materials Geometry Diffuse | Specular | Glossiness Texture based PBR materials This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License © The Khronos® Group Inc. 2021 - Page 3 https://github.khronos.org/glTF-Project-Explorer/ This work -
Augmented Reality Applications in the Engineering Environment
Augmented Reality Applications in the Engineering Environment Karle Olalde Azkorreta1 and Héctor Olmedo Rodríguez2 1 University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU; C/Nieves Cano 12. 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain [email protected] 2 Universidad de Valladolid; Campus Miguel Delives s/n. 47014 Valladolid, Spain [email protected] Abstract. In the area of engineering, we can move much in the way clients generally can interact with models or designs for new products, so we are developing various alternatives for visualization, such as Virtual and Augmented realities based on accurate models with no need of using specific software. In order to have a better and global knowledge of the possibilities we show in this paper the situation and capabilities of these technologies. From models developed with commercial programs and tools for industrial design, we propose a workflow to give everybody a chance to interact with these models. The sectors where these technologies are applied and the services offered are grouped in Industrial production systems and Learning of related disciplines. At the end conclusions will be given with every reference used. With everything, ideas for improving these technologies and the correspondent applications could be suggested to the reader. Keywords: Collaboration technology and informal learning, Augmented and virtual Reality, engineering, models. 1 Introduction In this paper we try to analyze the different options we have to represent an object in augmented reality, from 3D design programs and engineering, such as Catia, Solid Edge, Solid Works, Autocad, etc., with the objective of product design or do it more accessible to all potential customers. Augmented Reality (AR) [1, 2] is a technology in which the vision for the user in the real world is enhanced or augmented with additional information generated from a computer model. -
ISO/IEC JTC 1 N13604 ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information Technology
ISO/IEC JTC 1 N13604 2017-09-17 Replaces: ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information Technology Document Type: other (defined) Document Title: Study Group Report on 3D Printing and Scanning Document Source: SG Convenor Project Number: Document Status: This document is circulated for review and consideration at the October 2017 JTC 1 meeting in Russia. Action ID: ACT Due Date: 2017-10-02 Pages: Secretariat, ISO/IEC JTC 1, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036; Telephone: 1 212 642 4932; Facsimile: 1 212 840 2298; Email: [email protected] Study Group Report on 3D Printing and Scanning September 11, 2017 ISO/IEC JTC 1 Plenary (October 2017, Vladivostok, Russia) Prepared by the ISO/IEC JTC 1 Study Group on 3D Printing and Scanning Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to assess the possible contributions of JTC 1 to the global market enabled by 3D Printing and Scanning. 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is considered by many sources as a truly disruptive technology. 3D printers range presently from small table units to room size and can handle simple plastics, metals, biomaterials, concrete or a mix of materials. They can be used in making simple toys, airplane engine components, custom pills, large buildings components or human organs. Depending on process, materials and precision, 3D printer costs range from hundreds to millions of dollars. 3D printing makes possible the manufacturing of devices and components that cannot be constructed cost-effectively with other manufacturing techniques (injection molding, computerized milling, etc.). It also makes possible the fabrications of customized devices, or individual (instead of identical mass-manufactured) units. -
X3D Software Visualisation
X3D Software Visualisation Craig Anslow1, Stuart Marshall1, James Noble1, and Robert Biddle2 1 School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 2 Human Oriented Technology Laboratory, Carleton University, Canada {craig,stuart,kjx}@mcs.vuw.ac.nz Abstract. We have a software visualisation architecture that requires tools to develop visualisations from XML execution traces and integrate the visualisations into user’s web environments. Most existing web soft- ware visualisation systems create 2D visualisations and if they do use 3D they are using technologies that are outdated, not designed for the web, and hard to extend. We are building a tool that transforms XML execution traces into X3D – the Web3D Consortium’s open standard for web 3D graphics – web enabled visualisations and exploring how suitable X3D is for use in software visualisation. Our tool and visualisations will help developers to understand the structure and behaviour of software for reuse, maintenance, re-engineering, and reverse engineering. Key words: Software Engineering, Software Visualisation, Graphics, X3D 1 Introduction Software visualisation is the use of the crafts of typography, graphic design, animation, and cinematography with modern human-computer interaction and computer graphics technology to facilitate both the human understanding and effective use of computer software [1]. In a recent survey [2] based on question- naires completed by 111 researchers from software maintenance, re-engineering and reverse engineering, 80% found software visualisation either absolutely nec- essary or important (but not critical) for their work. We have a visualisation architecture [3] for deploying software components over the web. The design supports components in multiple languages and con- figurations (e.g. -
Visualization of Prague Castle
Master’s Thesis Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering F3 Department of Computer Graphics and Interaction Visualization of Prague Castle Bc. Antonín Smrček Study Programme: Open Informatics Field of Study: Computer Graphics and Interaction January 2016 Supervisor: prof. Ing. Jiří Žára, CSc. Acknowledgement / Declaration I would like to thank prof. Ing. Jiří I hereby declare that I have completed Žára, CSc., for supervision of my the- this thesis independently and that I have sis. He provided me with invaluable in- listed all the literature and publications sights, feedback on work in progress and used. his guidance was especially important I have no objection to usage of this in finishing stages of the project. My work in compliance with the act §60 thanks are also due to all friends who Zákon č. 121/2000Sb. (copyright law), helped me with the user testing. Finally, and with the rights connected with the I want to particularly thank my mother copyright act including the changes in for her support throughout my studies. the act. In Prague on January 11, 2016 ........................................ v Abstrakt / Abstract Tato diplomová práce se zabývá vý- This thesis describes a development vojem webové aplikace která vizualizuje of the web-based 3D virtual walk ap- prostředí Pražského hradu a umožňuje plication which visualizes the Prague 3D virtuální procházku v rámci jeho Castle and provides the users with an prostor. Důraz je kladen na grafic- information about interesting objects kou kvalitu a výkon aplikace. Obdobné in the area, with focus on graphical systémy pro vizualizaci měst jsou podro- quality and performance of the ap- beny analýze a jsou diskutovány možné plication. -
3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications an Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application
Institutionen för systemteknik Department of Electrical Engineering Examensarbete 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Master thesis performed in information coding by Klara Waern´er LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Link¨oping 2012-06-19 Department of Electrical Engineering Linköpings tekniska högskola Linköpings universitet Linköpings universitet SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 581 83 Linköping 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Master thesis in information coding at Link¨oping Institute of Technology by Klara Waern´er LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Supervisors: Fredrik Bennet SICK IVP AB Jens Ogniewski ISY, Link¨opingUniversity Examiner: Ingemar Ragnemalm ISY, Link¨opingUniversity Link¨oping2012-06-19 Presentation Date Department and Division 2012-05-31 Department of Electrical Engineering Publishing Date (Electronic version) 2012-06-19 Language Type of Publication ISBN (Licentiate thesis) X English Licentiate thesis ISRN: LiTH-ISY-EX--12/4562--SE Other (specify below) X Degree thesis Thesis C-level Title of series (Licentiate thesis) Thesis D-level Report Number of Pages Other (specify below) Series number/ISSN (Licentiate thesis) 90 URL, Electronic Version http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78726 Publication Title 3D Graphics Technologies for Web Applications: An Evaluation from the Perspective of a Real World Application Publication Title (Swedish) Tekniker för 3D-grafik i webbapplikationer: En utvärdering sedd utifrån en riktig applikations perspektiv Author(s) Klara Waernér Abstract Web applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated and functionality that was once exclusive to regular desktop applications can now be found in web applications as well. -
A Survey Full Text Available At
Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Publishing and Consuming 3D Content on the Web: A Survey Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Other titles in Foundations and Trends R in Computer Graphics and Vision Crowdsourcing in Computer Vision Adriana Kovashka, Olga Russakovsky, Li Fei-Fei and Kristen Grauman ISBN: 978-1-68083-212-9 The Path to Path-Traced Movies Per H. Christensen and Wojciech Jarosz ISBN: 978-1-68083-210-5 (Hyper)-Graphs Inference through Convex Relaxations and Move Making Algorithms Nikos Komodakis, M. Pawan Kumar and Nikos Paragios ISBN: 978-1-68083-138-2 A Survey of Photometric Stereo Techniques Jens Ackermann and Michael Goesele ISBN: 978-1-68083-078-1 Multi-View Stereo: A Tutorial Yasutaka Furukawa and Carlos Hernandez ISBN: 978-1-60198-836-2 Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Publishing and Consuming 3D Content on the Web: A Survey Marco Potenziani Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Marco Callieri Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Matteo Dellepiane Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Roberto Scopigno Visual Computing Lab, ISTI CNR [email protected] Boston — Delft Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0600000083 Foundations and Trends R in Computer Graphics and Vision Published, sold and distributed by: now Publishers Inc. PO Box 1024 Hanover, MA 02339 United States Tel. +1-781-985-4510 www.nowpublishers.com [email protected] Outside North America: now Publishers Inc.