George Phillips Bond
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GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Harvard Observatory HDT WHAT? INDEX HARVARD OBSERVATORY GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND 1825 May 20, Friday: George Phillips Bond was born. ASTRONOMY HARVARD OBSERVATORY NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT Harvard Observatory “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND HARVARD OBSERVATORY 1841 September: George Phillips Bond matriculated at Harvard College. HARVARD OBSERVATORY NEW “HARVARD MEN” LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Harvard Observatory HDT WHAT? INDEX HARVARD OBSERVATORY GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND 1842 George Phillips Bond began to regularly assist his father William Cranch Bond at Harvard College’s observatory. HARVARD OBSERVATORY ASTRONOMY DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. Harvard Observatory “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND HARVARD OBSERVATORY 1845 George Phillips Bond, George Frisbie Hoar, son of Concord’s Squire Samuel Hoar, and Gorham Bartlett, son of Concord’s Dr. Josiah Bartlett, graduated from Harvard College. NEW “HARVARD MEN” Benjamin Apthorp Gould went to Germany to study mathematics and astronomy under Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss at the University of Göttingen (he would make himself the 1st American to earn a doctorate in this field). The following tabulation would be Horace Rice Hosmer’s sarcastic take on a Franklin Benjamin Sanborn piece of eugenic engineering (and piece of typical Concord conceit), to wit, “Perpetuity, indeed, and hereditary transmission of everything that by nature and good sense can be inherited, are among the characteristics of Concord”: The Harvard Apples that do or do not fall far from the Tree CLASS NAME FATHER SON 1834 George Moore Abel Moore, the county sheriff in Concord, “Mason by trade and rich” “came from Sudbury a rich farmer” 1835 Hiram Barrett Dennis “came from Boston because he was a drunkard” “died a drunkard’s death when about 30” 1835 Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar Judge Samuel Hoar “came from Lincoln a rich lawyer” 1837 Henry D. Thoreau “little, deaf pencil maker” “never free from pecuniary difficulties the greater part of his life” 1841 John Shepard Keyes John Keyes, founder of The Republican during “Lawyer” [State Senator, District Judge] the 1840 election, “came from Westford” 1844 George M. Brooks “came from Lincoln” “Lawyer” [Judge] 1844 Edward Sherman Hoar “came from Lincoln a rich lawyer” “brother of Ebenezer R. Hoar” 1845 Gorham Bartlett Dr. Josiah Bartlett, the Thoreau family physi- [a pupil in Concord Academy cian, who became a] “Doctor” “came from Chelmsford” 1846 George Frisbie Hoar “came from Lincoln a rich lawyer” “brother of Ebenezer R. Hoar” 1847 George Haywood Dr. Abiel Heywood, long term town clerk “was a Doctor, and wealthy, and chairman of the Concord Board of Selectmen of Concord” 1849 Joseph Boyden Keyes “brother of Thomas L. Keyes” became a lawyer 1851 Nathan H. Barrett Captain Nathan Barrett Nathan Henry Barrett became a govern- “was a rich farmer of Concord” ment clerk HDT WHAT? INDEX HARVARD OBSERVATORY GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Harvard Observatory HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND HARVARD OBSERVATORY 1846 George Phillips Bond became an “assistant observer,” officially, as he assisted his father William Cranch Bond at Harvard Observatory. ASTRONOMY THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Harvard Observatory HDT WHAT? INDEX HARVARD OBSERVATORY GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND 1848 September 16, Saturday: Pope Pius IX appointed Pellegrino Rossi as prime minister to deal with certain republican tendencies of the citizenry. Faced by Prussian pressure, the Frankfurt Assembly reversed itself and endorsed the armistice with Denmark. William Cranch Bond’s son George Phillips Bond, one of the “assistant observers” at the Harvard Observatory, discovered the 8th satellite of Saturn, now named Hyperion.1 ASTRONOMY 1.We now refer to him not as the son of the father but as “the father of celestial photography.” (In England, William Lassell of Liverpool was independently discovering this Hyperion satellite, which was the 2d moon of Saturn to be identified from Earth.) ASTRONOMY HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND HARVARD OBSERVATORY 1850 June 16, Sunday night: From the observatory notebook of Harvard College: “Daguerreotyped Lyrae.”2 This first photograph of a star (other, of course, than Sol) required an open shutter for 100 seconds, and the primary problem which had had to be solved by these clockmakers-turned-unpaid-astronomers, William Cranch Bond and his assistant/son George Phillips Bond, had been the problem of creating a mechanism sufficiently precise and smooth to keep the 38-cm telescope exactly tracking that bright star for the required exposure.3 HARVARD OBSERVATORY ASTRONOMY 2. A professional Daguerreotypist named Whipple had attached a daguerrotype plate to the eyepiece of the 38-cm telescope. 3. Another source alleges that the significant event occurred on July 16th and that it was the star Vega which was first placed on record in this new manner. HDT WHAT? INDEX HARVARD OBSERVATORY GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND 1851 March 22, Saturday: Father Isaac Hecker, C.SS.R. wrote to Orestes Augustus Brownson, Esq. At the Harvard Observatory, George Phillips Bond succeeded in making a series of Daguerreotype exposures of Jupiter which seemed to him to include a faint suggestion of the planet’s belts as visible by the eye directly through the telescope lens. The planet seemed, despite its great distance, to be of approximately the same brightness as the moon — an early indication of a difference in albedo among the various heavenly bodies. ASTRONOMY CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT Harvard Observatory “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND HARVARD OBSERVATORY July 9, Wednesday: Henry Thoreau visited Harvard Observatory on Concord Avenue in Cambridge. Perhaps this had been suggested by John Downes, who earlier in the year had been in touch with the observatory about the occultation of stars. It has been presumed that it was the director, William Cranch Bond, age about 62, who showed Thoreau around and answered his questions. I suggest that it would more likely have been his son the assistant observer George Phillips Bond, six years out of Harvard College, who would have been providing such a public relations service, and that the director would have been reserving himself for occasional visitors who thought they had cachet and who might be more easily offended, such as Prince Albert. My reasons for suspecting this are that I can’t believe the astronomers would have taken Thoreau seriously, plus George was more of Henry’s own age group, plus George is known to have had an abiding interest in nature and in particular in ornithology.4 ASTRONOMY 4.A case in point is the treatment awarded by historians of the science of astronomy to Henry Thoreau’s visit in the official study on the first four directorships of the Harvard College observatory, by Bessie (Judith) Zaban Jones and Lyle Gifford Boyd, entitled THE HARVARD COLLEGE OBSERVATORY: THE FIRST FOUR DIRECTORSHIPS, 1839-1919 (Cambridge MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard UP, 1971). This is a meticulous book, quite elaborately documented. Yet I note that in dealing with Thoreau’s visit, they have deviated from their standard practice: they have 1.) quoted from his JOURNAL without scholarly apparatus of footnotes and citations, they have 2.) quoted incorrectly, and they have 3.) tried to make a mere joke of his visit, by an aside the point of which seems to be that this guy Thoreau was so far out in left field, who else would come up with the sort of comment he could come up with, whatever his comment might mean if anybody ever tried to take such a person seriously. In fact, Thoreau’s visit was quite serious, and bore directly upon the struggle the current director was having as a volunteer “gentleman” researcher with the likes of Professors Louis Agassiz and Benjamin Peirce, and all the other ideologs of scientific bureaucracy whose primary objective then as now was not discovery itself, but rather their seizure of control over all processes of discovery. I suppose I am saying that since we cannot expect serious people to take Thoreau seriously today, we can have no reason to assume that serious people would take Thoreau seriously in his own day — certainly not to the extent of extending VIP treatment to someone who was not acting in any manner as VIPs should act! HDT WHAT? INDEX HARVARD OBSERVATORY GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE PHILLIPS BOND HARVARD OBSERVATORY Thoreau stopped by the Boston Society of Natural History and checked out Volume I of the MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, new series. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote to Frederick Douglass while serializing UNCLE TOM’S CABIN, asking him for contacts for information about slave life on cotton plantations. In this letter she took issue with his opposition to colonization and with his criticisms of Christianity: You may perhaps have noticed in your editorial readings a series of articles that I am furnishing for the Era under the title of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin or Life among the Lowly” - In the course of