Flight Period Dragonflies of Turkey
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The distribution and flight period of the dragonflies of Turkey V.J. Kalkman & GJ. Van Pelt Introduction province to the province of Antakya, are espe- cially well investigated. The first is mainly due In 1999 the initiative was taken to build a data- to the work by Hacet & Aktaq (1997, 2004), base containing all available records of Turkish while the second shows the favorite holiday dragonflies. For details on this database the destination of West-European odonatologist. reader is referred to the article by Van Pelt & A few regions are poorly explored. Parts of Kalkman (2004). In the present article distribu- the coastland of western Turkey have been tional maps and flight histograms of all Turkish neglected, especially the area north of Izmir species are given. These are based on 6681 and west of Bursa. Also poorly explored is the published and 2469 unpublished records (a mountainous region between Erzurum and A selection of Sivas. most species on a day on a locality). The important gap in our know- the latter is published in this volume (Kalkman ledge is the SE of Turkey, especially when & Van Pelt, 2006). Records published prior to taking in account the relatively high numberof 1977 were taken from Dumont (1977). A small interesting species occurring in this region. number published records were found to be For Sympecma paedisca, Aeshna serrata, incorrect or doubtfuland have been omitted. Ophiogomphus reductus and Orthetrum ran- The papers by Salur & KiYAk (2006a, b) were sonnetii only old records, lacking detailed in 2006 and published could not be incorporated information on the locality, are available. In in Some the maps and flight histograms. of the these cases the location of the record is given more interesting records in these papers are as a circle. No detailed locality information mentioned in Kalkman & van Pelt (2006). We was present for Orthetrum trinacria and for this notes became aware of the first Turkish record Zygo- species no map is presented (see on nyx torridus published in Askew (2004) only in selected species). 2006 the of Kunz et at 2006 and the- Several C. by paper ., species (Calopteryx splendens, refore the species is absent from the maps and virgo, Erythromma lindenii, Ischnura elegans, flight histograms. There is still much unknown Gomphus flavipes, Onychogomphus forcipa- on the distributionand the flight period of Turkish dragonflies and this article must be seen as an review of what we known in order to stimulate further research. Availability of data on the distribution of the dragonflies of Turkey The locality-information of 8726 records was detailed enough to use them for the distribution to maps. The number of records prior 1970 is very low and therefore almost nothing can be said on the historic distribution of the Turkish species. Since 1970, and especially since 1990, the number of records increased sharply (Figure 1). Figure 2 gives all localities for which Figure 1 records were available. The of Number of records of Odonata from European part Turkey per Turkey and the southern coast, from the Mugla decade. Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 83 tus, Cordulegaster insignis, Sympetrum san- many species can be found in this period, guineum, Sympetrum striolatum) have more especially in the south. No than one subspecies present in Turkey. The flight histogram is given for Sympecma pae- identification of the subspecies is often pro- disca, Pseudagrion syriacum, Aeshna serrata, blematic (e.g. Ischnura elegans and Cordule- Ophiogomphus reductus, Ortetrum ransonnetii gaster insignis) and for many of the records no and O. trinacria as no records with information information the is on subspecies given. For this on both the day and month of observation are reason no maps were made for subspecies. known. Information on the occurrence and distribution of the can be found in Kalkman et subspecies Notes on selected species ai. } 2003 and Kalkman, 2006. Sympecma paedisca This is known from Availability of data on the flight species only two records from and Malatia period of the dragonflies of Turkey Antakya already published by S6lys (1887). The fact that the species has not The histograms of the flight period are based been found since seems to indicate that the spe- on 7558 records. Only records pertaining to cies has decreased. Recently the species was adult specimens for which both the month and the day were known were used. The records are not evenly distributed across the year and for this reasons the histograms give only an indication of the flight period. Figure 3 gives a histogram based on all records of all species. Many odonatologist from Western Europe visit the south of Turkey in spring, which explains the peak in May. The peak in July and August is largely due to the fieldwork of the second author on the genus Cordulegaster taking place in this period. Records outside the period May-August are relatively scarce although Figure 2. Figure 3. Localities from which Odonata records of in Turkey Histogram the flight period based on all records. are available. 84 Brachytron 10 (2006) recorded close to the Turkish border in Armenia which makes it likely that the species is present in the east of Turkey (pers. com, M. Tailly). Coenagrion vanbrinkae Lohmann (1993) described C. vanbrinkae on the basis of specimens from Iran and Turkey. The species is largely identical to C. ornatum. The authors have problems distinguishing bet- ween these two and therefore all records are given as C. ornatum, his with the exception of the two records present in the original descrip- tion of the species. Ophiogomphus reductus The record from Malatya published by S6lys (1887) is still the only Turkish record of this species (see Kalkman et al. 2003 for more information). The nearest locations where this species is found are in Turkestan and Afghani- stan. It close relative, Ophiogomphus cecilia, has not seldom small unobtrusive populations and it is therefore possible that also O. reduc- tus has been overlooked during fieldwork in the last decades. Orthetrum trinacria The presence of Orthetrum trinacria in Turkey is based on a record from ‘Klein-Asien’ from which Dumont (1977) stated that it probably comes from Amik Gol (Antakya province). Other records were published by Demirsoy from various parts of Turkey (1982). The identi- ficationof these records is doubtfull as the spe- cies has not been found since. For this reason no Turkish record is available with sufficient detail and no map could be presented. Orthetrum ransonnetii The record from Malatya published by S6lys (1887) is still the only Turkish record of this species (see Kalkman et al. 2003 for more information). Especially the males can easily be confused with one of the commoner species of Orthetrum and the species might be easily overlooked. Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 85 Aeshna affinis Aeshna cyanea 86 Brachytron 10 (2006) Aeshna isoceles Aeshna juncea Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 87 Aeshna mixta Aeshna serrata 88 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Anax ephippiger Anax immaculifrons Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 89 Anax imperator Anax parthenope 90 Brachytron 10 (2006) Anormogomphuskiritshenkoi Brachythemis fuscopalliata Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 91 Brachythemis leucosticta Brachytron pratense 92 Brachytron 10 (2006) Caliaeschna microstigma Calopteryx splendens ssp. Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 93 Calopteryx virgo ssp. Ceriagrion georgifreyi 94 Brachytron 10 (2006) Coenagrion lunulatum Coenagrion ornatum Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 95 Coenagrion ponticum Coenagrion puella 96 Brachytron 10 (2006) Coenagrion pulchellum ssp. Coenagrion scitulum Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 97 Coenagrion syriacum Coenagrion vanbrinkae 98 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Cordulegaster insignia ssp. Cordulegaster picta Brnchytron 10(1): 83-153 99 Cordulia aenea Crocothemiserythraea erythraea 100 Brachytron 10 (2006) Crocothemis servilia Diplacodes lefebvrii Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 101 Epallage fatime Enaltagma cyathigerum 102 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Erythromma lindenii ssp. Erythromma viridulum Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 103 Gomphus davidi Gomphus flavipes ssp. 104 Brachytron 10 (2006) Gomphus schneiderii Gomphus vulgatissimus Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 105 Ischnura elegans ssp. Ischnura fountaineae 106 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Ischnura intermedia Ischnura pumilio Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 107 Lestes barbarus Lestes dryas 108 Brachytron 10 (2006) Lestes macrostigma Lestes parvidens Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 109 Lestes sponsa Lestes virens 110 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Leucorrhinia pectoralis Libellula depressa Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 111 Libellula fulva Libellulapontica 112 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Libellula quadrimaculata Lindenia tetraphylla Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 113 Onychogomphus assimilis Onychogomphus flexuosus 114 Brachytron 10 (2006) Onychogomphus forcipatus ssp. Onychogomphus lefebvrii Brachytron 10(1): 83-153 115 Onychogomphus macrodon Ophiogomphus reductus 116 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Orthetrum albistylum Orthetrum brunneum Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 117 Orthetrum cancellatum Orthetrumchrysostigma 118 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Orthetrum coerulescens Orthetrum ransonnetii Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 119 Orthetrum sabina Orthetrum taeniolatum 120 Brachytron 10 (2006) Pantala flavescens Paragomphus lineatus Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 121 Platycnemis dealbata Platycnemis kervillei 122 Bmchytron 10 (2006) Platycnemis pennipes pennipes Pseudagrion syriacum Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 123 Pyrrhosoma nymphula Selysiothemis nigra 124 Brachytron 10 (2006) Somatochlora borisi Somatochlora flavomaculata Bmchytron 10(1): 83-153 125 Somatochlora meridionalis Sympecma fusca 126 Bmchytron