Hughes Et Al. Poster

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hughes Et Al. Poster EVOLUTION, GENETICS, & SYSTEMATICS From the Floor, to the Canopy: Comparative Phylogeography of Two Sympatric Chameleon Species in Central Africa’s Albertine Rift Poster 55 - Abstract 231 Daniel F. Hughes1-2, Wilber Lukwago3, Mathias Behangana3, Michele Menegon4, J. Maximilian Dehling5, Jan Stipala6, Colin R. Tilbury7, Krystal A. Tolley7-8, Chifundera Kusamba9, and Eli Greenbaum1-2 JMIH - 14 July 2017 Rio Grande Hall 1Department of Biological Sciences, 2UTEP Biodiversity Collections, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA; 3Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; 4Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, Trento, Italy; 5Universität Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany; 6University of Exeter, Cornwall, United Kingdom; 7University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; 8South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa; 9Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, Lwiro, République Démocratique du Congo Austin, TX Introduction Results Conclusions The Albertine Rift (AR) is one of the most diverse - Three new species of forest chameleons highland regions in continental Africa, yet it is not 1. Gene trees 2. Dated species trees 3. Phylogeography (Kinyongia) were formally described from the AR well known whether taxa with overlapping ranges (Hughes et al., 2017) and five new species of pygmy share diversification patterns. Kinyongia - PP > 0.95 + BS > 70% | - PP > 0.95 | - BS > 70% Kinyongia - PP > 0.95 | - 95% highest posterior density | mya - million years ago Kinyongia Rhampholeon chameleons (Rhampholeon) await description from the AR (Hughes et al., in review). Kinyongia adolfifriderici and Rhampholeon - K. adolfifriderici - K. adolfifriderici K. tolleyae < 1000 m AFRICA boulengeri are generally sympatric and share K. rugegensis sp. nov. º - The Miocene was identified as an important 5.1 mya 1000 - 1500 m 31 E habitats in the AR, yet they differ in microhabitat Area enlarged 1500 - 2000 m period for diversification of chameleons in the AR, use and foraging behavior. Rhampholeon / K. tolleyae 2000 - 3400 m R. sp. 1 which is linked to the fragmentation of African boulengeri is largely terrestrial and forages on the Lendu Plateau forests over this period (Kissling et al., 2012). 7.9 mya K. rugegensis 50 km N Lake forest floor, whereas K. adolfifriderici is mostly Albert - Diversification patterns for Kinyongia were arboreal and forages high in the forest canopy. *BEAST/BEAST / 1º N DEMOCRATIC consistent with the model of allopatric speciation We investigated the relative roles of K. tolleyae sp. nov. REPUBLIC driven by forest fragmentation in the Miocene. environmental and taxon-specific factors in K. itombwensis OF THE R. sp. 2 K. gyrolepis Rwenzori Mts. influencing spatiotemporal patterns of genetic 11.5 mya CONGO - Diversification events at the genus level for diversity in two sympatric chameleon species. North Rhampholeon generally fit the vicariance-driven / Orientale UGANDA Kivu Lake speciation model, however, it does not fully explain K. gyrolepis Edward Kigezi Highlands the rapid radiation across the Miocene–Pliocene K. adolfifriderici K. rugegensis 1º S R. sp. 3 Methods K. adolfifriderici 6.4 mya boundary in the R. boulengeri complex with several species distributions that span traditional Samples and sequencing. Forty-six samples of R. K. itombwensis sp. nov. / biogeographic barriers in the AR. RWANDA boulengeri K. adolfifriderici K. itombwensis Lake and 14 samples of were 0.03 Kivu - Several species in the R. boulengeri complex are K. gyrolepis R. sp. 4 collected during surveys in the AR from 2008–2016, Figure 1. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Kinyongia adolfifriderici from the Albertine Rift, Central Africa. Figure 3. Species tree with mean diversification dates for the Kinyongia adolfifriderici species complex. sympatric but not syntopic because they occur in including topotypic material. Two mitochondrial 3º S largely non-overlapping elevational zones for which Rugege Highlands (16S, ND2) and one nuclear (RAG-1) gene were South adaptations to novel physical factors (e.g., - PP > 0.95 + BS > 70% | - PP > 0.95 | - BS > 70% - PP > 0.95 | - 95% highest posterior density | mya - million years ago sequenced using standard protocols. Rhampholeon Rhampholeon Kivu temperatures or climatic niches) likely initiated DNA data. Chromatographs were interpreted in - R. boulengeri - R. boulengeri K. adolfifriderici R. sp. 5 processes leading to parapatric speciation. Itombwe Plateau BURUNDI SEQMAN PRO and alignments were made using R. sp. 1 - We found that the Gradient Speciation Hypothesis MUSCLE in MESQUITE. We made minor manual Maniema (i.e., parapatric speciation via niche differentiation) adjustments in MACCLADE. We used PHASE in TANZANIA Lake º is more appropriate to explain diversification in the DNASP to phase haplotypes for RAG-1. The phased R. sp. 1 5.3 mya 27º E Tanganyika 31 E R. boulengeri R. boulengeri complex. sequences were used in species-tree analyses. *BEAST/BEAST 0.7/ Figure 5. Map of the Albertine Rift showing sampled populations for Kinyongia (circles) and Rhampholeon (squares). - Traditional diversification scenarios are Gene trees. Maximum-likelihood analyses were inadequate to explain the high levels of cryptic conducted with the GTRGAMMA model in RAXML R. sp. 2 diversity we found in R. boulengeri and K. using the rapid bootstrap algorithm with 1,000 adolfifriderici, which differ in ecomorphology. replicates. Bayesian-inference analyses were 6.3 mya 4. Elevational zonation conducted in MRBAYES and run for 20 million R. sp. 2 - Comparative approaches to phylogeography are generations sampling every 1,000 with 25% 0.9/ Rhampholeon needed to assess both environmental and burn-in. We used PARTITIONFINDER to establish ecological factors promoting species diversity. R. sp. 3 R. sp. 1 the best model of evolution. The concatenated data 2500 m set included nearly all species per genus and analyses were run on the CIPRES Science Gateway. 5.7 mya R. sp. 2 2250 m References Species trees and divergence dating. We used R. sp. 3 R. sp. 4 7.2 mya 0.6/0.8 2000 m *BEAST in the program BEAST to estimate species Hughes, DF, et al. 2017. Integrative taxonomy of the Central R. sp. 3 trees for focal taxa. We used BEAST to estimate / 5.5 mya African forest chameleon, Kinyongia adolfifriderici (Sauria: 1750 m divergence dates with an uncorrelated log-normal Chamaeleonidae), reveals underestimated species diversity in the Albertine Rift. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society relaxed clock model and a Yule prior. We included / R. boulengeri 0.4 0.3 R. sp. 4 (published online - 20 May 2017). all chameleon genera and 22 squamate taxa plus 1500 m . Rhampholeon boulengeri Sphenodon. Fossil calibrations were placed on nine R. sp. 4 R. sp. 5 Hughes, DF, et al Cryptic diversity in nodes and secondary calibrations on five nodes. We R. sp. 5 1250 m (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), a pygmy chameleon from the Albertine Rift biodiversity hotspot. Molecular Phylogenetics analyzed five concurrent runs of 200 million R. sp. 5 1000 m and Evolution(in review - submitted 3 June 2017). generations sampled every 20,000. All runs were R. boulengeri combined using LOGCOMBINER with 10% burn-in. R. boulengeri Kissling, WD, et al. 2012. Cenozoic imprints on the 0.02 750 m phylogenetic structure of palm species assemblages *See Hughes et al. (2017) for detailed methods* worldwide. PNAS 109: 7379–7384. Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Rhampholeon boulengeri from the Albertine Rift, Central Africa. Figure 4. Species tree with mean diversification dates for the Rhampholeon boulengeri species complex. Figure 6. Species tree with elevational zonation of six Rhampholeon species from the Albertine Rift, Central Africa..
Recommended publications
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda Wildlife Assessment PDFX
    UGANDA WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING REPORT ASSESSMENT APRIL 2018 Alessandra Rossi TRAFFIC REPORT TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organisations con cern ing the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published by: TRAFFIC International David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK © TRAFFIC 2018. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. ISBN no: UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Suggested citation: Rossi, A. (2018). Uganda Wildlife Trafficking Assessment. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Front cover photographs and credit: Mountain gorilla Gorilla beringei beringei © Richard Barrett / WWF-UK Tree pangolin Manis tricuspis © John E. Newby / WWF Lion Panthera leo © Shutterstock / Mogens Trolle / WWF-Sweden Leopard Panthera pardus © WWF-US / Jeff Muller Grey Crowned-Crane Balearica regulorum © Martin Harvey / WWF Johnston's three-horned chameleon Trioceros johnstoni © Jgdb500 / Wikipedia Shoebill Balaeniceps rex © Christiaan van der Hoeven / WWF-Netherlands African Elephant Loxodonta africana © WWF / Carlos Drews Head of a hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius © Howard Buffett / WWF-US Design by: Hallie Sacks This report was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics of Collared Snakes and Burrowing Asps (Aparallactinae
    University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2017-01-01 Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (squamata: Lamprophiidae) Francisco Portillo University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Portillo, Francisco, "Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (squamata: Lamprophiidae)" (2017). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 731. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/731 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS OF COLLARED SNAKES AND BURROWING ASPS (APARALLACTINAE AND ATRACTASPIDINAE) (SQUAMATA: LAMPROPHIIDAE) FRANCISCO PORTILLO, BS, MS Doctoral Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology APPROVED: Eli Greenbaum, Ph.D., Chair Carl Lieb, Ph.D. Michael Moody, Ph.D. Richard Langford, Ph.D. Charles H. Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Francisco Portillo 2017 SYSTEMATICS OF COLLARED SNAKES AND BURROWING ASPS (APARALLACTINAE AND ATRACTASPIDINAE) (SQUAMATA: LAMPROPHIIDAE) by FRANCISCO PORTILLO, BS, MS DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Biological Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO May 2017 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank my family for their love and support throughout my life. I am very grateful to my lovely wife, who has been extremely supportive, motivational, and patient, as I have progressed through graduate school.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Aberdare Mountains in the Central Highlands of Kenya
    Zootaxa 3391: 1–22 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new species of chameleon (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from the Aberdare Mountains in the central highlands of Kenya JAN STIPALA1,4, NICOLA LUTZMANN2, PATRICK K. MALONZA3, PAUL WILKINSON1, BRENDAN GODLEY1, JOASH NYAMACHE3 & MATTHEW R. EVANS1 1School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected] 2Seitzstrasse 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Email: [email protected] 3Herpetology section, National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, Nairobi, Kenya. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We describe a new species of chameleon, Trioceros kinangopensis sp. nov., from Kinangop Peak in the Aberdare moun- tains, central highlands of Kenya. The proposed new species is morphologically and genetically distinct from other mem- ber of the bitaeniatus-group. It is morphologically most similar to T. schubotzi but differs in the lack of sexual size dimorphism, smaller-sized females, smoother, less angular canthus rostrales, smaller scales on the temporal region and a bright orange gular crest in males. Mitochondrial DNA indicates that the proposed new taxon is a distinct lineage that is closely related to T. nyirit and T. schubotzi. The distribution of T. kinangopensis sp. nov. appears to be restricted to the afroalpine zone in vicintiy of Kinangop Peak and fires may pose a serious threat to the long-term survival of this species.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Thesis Jennifer C. Jackson 16.10.07 For
    REPRODUCTION IN DWARF CHAMELEONS (BRADYPODION) WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO B. PUMILUM OCCURRING IN FIRE-PRONE FYNBOS HABITAT JENNIFER C. JACKSON Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Zoology) at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Prof. P le F. N. Mouton Co-supervisor: Dr. A. F. Flemming December 2007 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted it at any university for a degree. ………………………………. ……………… Signature Date Copyright © 2007 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved II Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland are home to an endemic group of dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion). They are small, viviparous, insectivorous, arboreal lizards, found in a variety of vegetation types and climatic conditions. Previous work on Bradypodion pumilum suggests prolonged breeding and high fecundity which is very unusual for a viviparous lizard inhabiting a Mediterranean environment. It has been suggested that the alleged prolonged reproduction observed in B. pumilum may be a reproductive adaptation to life in a fire-prone habitat. In addition, Chamaesaura anguina a viviparous, arboreal grass lizard also occurs in the fire-frequent fynbos and exhibits an aseasonal female reproductive cycle with high clutch sizes; highly unusual for the Cordylidae. With the observation of two species both inhabiting a fire-driven environment and exhibiting aseasonal reproductive cycles with high fecundity, it was thought that this unpredictable environment may shape the reproductive strategies of animals inhabiting it.
    [Show full text]
  • Vital but Vulnerable: Climate Change Vulnerability and Human Use of Wildlife in Africa’S Albertine Rift
    Vital but vulnerable: Climate change vulnerability and human use of wildlife in Africa’s Albertine Rift J.A. Carr, W.E. Outhwaite, G.L. Goodman, T.E.E. Oldfield and W.B. Foden Occasional Paper for the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 48 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the compilers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2013 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Carr, J.A., Outhwaite, W.E., Goodman, G.L., Oldfield, T.E.E. and Foden, W.B. 2013. Vital but vulnerable: Climate change vulnerability and human use of wildlife in Africa’s Albertine Rift. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 48. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xii + 224pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1591-9 Front cover: A Burundian fisherman makes a good catch. © R. Allgayer and A. Sapoli. Back cover: © T. Knowles Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Publications Services Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0020 [email protected] www.iucn.org/publications Also available at http://www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/SSC-OP-048.pdf About IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty-Fifth Meeting of the Animals Committee
    AC25 Doc. 22 (Rev. 1) Annex 3 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) Annex 3 Fauna: new species and other changes relating to species listed in the EC wildlife trade regulations – Report compiled by UNEP-WCMC to the European Commission, March, 2011 AC25 Doc. 22 (Rev. 1) Annex 3 – p. 1 Fauna: new species and other taxonomic changes relating to species listed in the EC wildlife trade regulations March, 2011 A report to the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Environmental Agreements and Trade by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre AC25 Doc. 22 (Rev. 1) Annex 3 – p. 2 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org CITATION UNEP-WCMC. 2011. Fauna: new species and other taxonomic changes relating to species ABOUT UNEP-WORLD CONSERVATION listed in the EC wildlife trade regulations. A MONITORING CENTRE report to the European Commission. UNEP- The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring WCMC, Cambridge. Centre (UNEP-WCMC), based in Cambridge, UK, is the specialist biodiversity information and assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), run PREPARED FOR cooperatively with WCMC, a UK charity. The The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium Centre's mission is to evaluate and highlight the many values of biodiversity and put authoritative biodiversity knowledge at the DISCLAIMER centre of decision-making. Through the analysis and synthesis of global biodiversity knowledge The contents of this report do not necessarily the Centre provides authoritative, strategic and reflect the views or policies of UNEP or timely information for conventions, countries contributory organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Refugial Speciation Models in Chameleons Within an African Biodiversity Hotspot Krystal A
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2011) ORIGINAL Ancient forest fragmentation or recent ARTICLE radiation? Testing refugial speciation models in chameleons within an African biodiversity hotspot Krystal A. Tolley1,2*, Colin R. Tilbury2, G. John Measey1,3, Michele Menegon4, William R. Branch5,6 and Conrad A. Matthee2 1Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South ABSTRACT African National Biodiversity Institute, Aim East Africa is one of the most biologically diverse regions, especially in terms Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa, 2Department of Botany and Zoology, of endemism and species richness. Hypotheses put forward to explain this high University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, diversity invoke a role for forest refugia through: (1) accumulation of new species South Africa, 3Department of Biodiversity and due to radiation within refugial habitats, or (2) retention of older palaeoendemic Conservation Biology, University of the species in stable refugia. We tested these alternative hypotheses using data for a Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, diverse genus of East African forest chameleons, Kinyongia. 4 South Africa, Tropical Biodiversity Section, Location East Africa. Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, Via Calepina 14, I-38100 Trento, Italy, 5Bayworld, Methods We constructed a dated phylogeny for Kinyongia using one nuclear P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South and two mitochondrial markers. We identified areas of high phylogenetic Africa, 6Department of Zoology, P O Box diversity (PD) and evolutionary diversity (ED), and mapped ancestral areas to 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan ascertain whether lineage diversification could best be explained by vicariance or University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa dispersal. Results Vicariance best explains the present biogeographic patterns, with divergence between three major Kinyongia clades (Albertine Rift, southern Eastern Arc, northern Eastern Arc) in the early Miocene/Oligocene (> 20 Ma).
    [Show full text]
  • Detailed Final Report
    The Kenya Reptile Atlas A free, downloadable atlas of Kenya’s reptiles. This is a free source of regularly updated information on Kenya’s Reptiles. Authors: Stephen Spawls, Beryl Bwong, Patrick Malonza, Vincent Muchai, Victor Wasonga Obtainable under ‘downloads’ at Kenyareptileatlas.com This project is funded by the Rufford Foundation under the auspices of the National Museums of Kenya; Department of Herpetology. The Kenya Reptile Atlas offers you: Pictures of Kenya’s reptiles Distribution maps by quarter-degree-square A description of the species Click on any of the titles listed under the downloads tab to download for free. The various families will be added as the accounts are completed. If you have any observations of Kenya’s reptiles, any distribution records, or any other data, or any digital pictures, we would like to receive them! Send them to [email protected] And if you live or travel in Kenya, and find any dead reptiles, please preserve them and take them to the Herpetology Section, at the National Museum, Museum Hill, Nairobi. The team thanks those who kindly commented upon the text or loaned us pictures; including Sanda Ashe, Bill Branch, Anthony Childs, Tomas Mazuch, David Modry, Eduardo Razzetti, Roberto Sindaco, Jan Stipala, Royjan Taylor, Colin Tilbury, Lorenzo Vinciguerra. Some essential points of chameleon anatomy. (© Jonathan Spawls; after de Witte) Chameleons in Kenya: Chameleons are unusual lizards; they have a prehensile, non-sheddable tail, a telescopic tongue longer than their bodies, to shoot at prey. They have clawed grasping feet and independently swivelling eyes. They can change colour, usually to express their emotional state but also to help blend into the background; angry chameleons often show vivid or dark colours.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT)
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Government of Tanzania Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT): Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized August 2013 The world’s leading sustainability consultancy FINAL FRAMEWORK Government of Tanzania Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT): Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) July 2013 RFP Number: Pa/082/hq/S/Sagt/pmu/7 ERM Project Number: 0159588 For and on behalf of Environmental Resources Management Approved by: Eamonn Barrett Signed: Position: Partner Date: 07 July 2013 This report has been prepared by Environmental Resources Management the trading name of Environmental Resources Management Limited, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk. Cover graphic: indicative map of SAGCOT prepared by SAGCOT Centre Ltd. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LIMITED INCORPORATED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM WITH REGISTRATION NUMBER 1014622 REGISTERED OFFICE: 2ND FLOOR, EXCHEQUER CRT, 33 ST MARY AXE, LONDON, EC3A 8AA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROGRAM AND PROJECT BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION The overall SAGCOT Program is broadly identified as a public-private partnership intended to improve the incomes, employment opportunities and food security of smallholder farmers across the southern corridor of Tanzania.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationally Threatened Species for Uganda
    Nationally Threatened Species for Uganda National Red List for Uganda for the following Taxa: Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Butterflies, Dragonflies and Vascular Plants JANUARY 2016 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research team and authors of the Uganda Redlist comprised of Sarah Prinsloo, Dr AJ Plumptre and Sam Ayebare of the Wildlife Conservation Society, together with the taxonomic specialists Dr Robert Kityo, Dr Mathias Behangana, Dr Perpetra Akite, Hamlet Mugabe, and Ben Kirunda and Dr Viola Clausnitzer. The Uganda Redlist has been a collaboration beween many individuals and institutions and these have been detailed in the relevant sections, or within the three workshop reports attached in the annexes. We would like to thank all these contributors, especially the Government of Uganda through its officers from Ugandan Wildlife Authority and National Environment Management Authority who have assisted the process. The Wildlife Conservation Society would like to make a special acknowledgement of Tullow Uganda Oil Pty, who in the face of limited biodiversity knowledge in the country, and specifically in their area of operation in the Albertine Graben, agreed to fund the research and production of the Uganda Redlist and this report on the Nationally Threatened Species of Uganda. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE .......................................................................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Status, Trends and Future Dynamics of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Underpinning Nature’S Contributions to People 1
    CHAPTER 3 . STATUS, TRENDS AND FUTURE DYNAMICS OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS UNDERPINNING NATURE’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PEOPLE 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 STATUS, TRENDS AND CHAPTER FUTURE DYNAMICS OF BIODIVERSITY AND 3 ECOSYSTEMS UNDERPINNING NATURE’S CONTRIBUTIONS CHAPTER TO PEOPLE 4 Coordinating Lead Authors Review Editors: Marie-Christine Cormier-Salem (France), Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun (Cameroon) Amy E. Dunham (United States of America), Christopher Gordon (Ghana) This chapter should be cited as: CHAPTER Cormier-Salem, M-C., Dunham, A. E., Lead Authors Gordon, C., Belhabib, D., Bennas, N., Dyhia Belhabib (Canada), Nard Bennas Duminil, J., Egoh, B. N., Mohamed- (Morocco), Jérôme Duminil (France), Elahamer, A. E., Moise, B. F. E., Gillson, L., 5 Benis N. Egoh (Cameroon), Aisha Elfaki Haddane, B., Mensah, A., Mourad, A., Mohamed Elahamer (Sudan), Bakwo Fils Randrianasolo, H., Razafindratsima, O. H., 3Eric Moise (Cameroon), Lindsey Gillson Taleb, M. S., Shemdoe, R., Dowo, G., (United Kingdom), Brahim Haddane Amekugbe, M., Burgess, N., Foden, W., (Morocco), Adelina Mensah (Ghana), Ahmim Niskanen, L., Mentzel, C., Njabo, K. Y., CHAPTER Mourad (Algeria), Harison Randrianasolo Maoela, M. A., Marchant, R., Walters, M., (Madagascar), Onja H. Razafindratsima and Yao, A. C. Chapter 3: Status, trends (Madagascar), Mohammed Sghir Taleb and future dynamics of biodiversity (Morocco), Riziki Shemdoe (Tanzania) and ecosystems underpinning nature’s 6 contributions to people. In IPBES (2018): Fellow: The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Gregory Dowo (Zimbabwe) Africa. Archer, E., Dziba, L., Mulongoy, K. J., Maoela, M. A., and Walters, M. (eds.). CHAPTER Contributing Authors: Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Millicent Amekugbe (Ghana), Neil Burgess Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity (United Kingdom), Wendy Foden (South and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, Africa), Leo Niskanen (Finland), Christine pp.
    [Show full text]