DOCSLIB.ORG

Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Government of Tanzania Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT): Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Public Disclosure Authorized August 2013 The world’s leading sustainability consultancy FINAL FRAMEWORK Government of Tanzania Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT): Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) July 2013 RFP Number: Pa/082/hq/S/Sagt/pmu/7 ERM Project Number: 0159588 For and on behalf of Environmental Resources Management Approved by: Eamonn Barrett Signed: Position: Partner Date: 07 July 2013 This report has been prepared by Environmental Resources Management the trading name of Environmental Resources Management Limited, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk. Cover graphic: indicative map of SAGCOT prepared by SAGCOT Centre Ltd. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LIMITED INCORPORATED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM WITH REGISTRATION NUMBER 1014622 REGISTERED OFFICE: 2ND FLOOR, EXCHEQUER CRT, 33 ST MARY AXE, LONDON, EC3A 8AA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROGRAM AND PROJECT BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION The overall SAGCOT Program is broadly identified as a public-private partnership intended to improve the incomes, employment opportunities and food security of smallholder farmers across the southern corridor of Tanzania. This will be done by linking them to internationally competitive supply chains and accelerating commercial agricultural development, in particular by using foreign direct investment attracted by the removal of policy and infrastructural constraints to competitiveness and by facilitated access to land. The SAGCOT area lies along an existing road, rail and power corridor running from Dar es Salaam west through Iringa to Mbeya and beyond. Initially investments will be focused on six areas with high potential for quick agricultural development ("clusters"), including the Kilombero Valley. Over the next 20 years the initiative aims to bring 350,000 ha of land into commercial production, increase annual farming revenues by US$1.2 billion, and lift some 450,000 farming households out of poverty. PROPOSED WORLD BANK SUPPORT TO SAGCOT The Government of Tanzania (GoT) has requested support from the International Development Agency (IDA, part of the World Bank) to finance projects in the SAGCOT area through the Catalytic Fund related to strengthening smallholder-business linkages (see Component 2 below). The proposed World Bank support ("the Project") will be in the form of a Specific Investment Loan (SIL). The Project comprises three focused components within the overall SAGCOT Program: Component 1: Strengthening of SAGCOT Support Institutions (total US$16.3 million, IDA US$8.5 million). The objective of this component would be to strengthen the capacity of the main SAGCOT support institutions in order to pursue their functions of information and data provision, support of investment planning and guidance, government/private sector intermediation, business enabling environment and investment promotion. Component 2: Strengthening Smallholder-Business Linkages (total US$74.0 million, IDA US$46.3): The objective of this component would be to link smallholder farmers in agricultural value chains. The component would (a) expand the number of smallholders linked to agribusinesses in successful commercial partnerships and (b) improve the revenues derived by smallholders and rural communities from these partnerships in the form of growth in agricultural productivity growth, income and employment. Component 3: Project Management and Evaluation (total US$2.2 million, IDA US$2.2 million): The component would establish project management and M&E systems and provide office equipment, transportation and technical assistance services. It would support the coordination between implementation agencies at all levels and with other government programs and institutions and the capture of implementation lessons from development of value chain development. It would also include support for establishing and operating the project’s progress and impact M&E system. WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD REQUIREMENTS AND ESMF OBJECTIVES The World Bank-financed Project has triggered World Bank OP 4.01: Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04: Natural Habitats, OP 4.36: Forests, OP 4.09: Pest Management, OP 4.10: Indigenous Peoples, OP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement, OP4.11: Physical Cultural Resources, and OP 4.37: Safety of Dams. In order to satisfy the requirements of the World Bank’s OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), the following documents have been prepared: (i) an Environmental and Social Management Framework (presented herein); (ii) a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF); and (iii) a Stakeholder Analysis, Participation and Consultation Plan; (ii). Additionally a Strategic Regional Environmental and Social Assessment (SRESA) of the SAGCOT Program has been prepared and is currently being finalized ) ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ESMF - SAGCOT i The objective of the ESMF is to outline the mandatory procedures to be applied to the World Bank- financed SAGCOT Project investments to ensure the effective management of associated environmental and social issues. It seeks to both enhance environmental and social development benefits of the project and mitigate any adverse impacts, in line with GOT and World Bank policies and guidelines on management of environmental and social issues. Since the precise locations and potential impacts of future subprojects are not known, and cannot be identified prior to appraisal, the ESMF provides the basis for the environmental and social preparation needed for the subproject investments to be supported under Component 2. Most of the investments that are being financed by the World Bank are expected to have moderate environmental and social impacts, but some of the investments may have significant impacts and thus the project is Category A for Environmental Assessment. The ESMF comprises a main body with supporting information assembled into several annexes. The main body of the ESMF (a) establishes clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social assessment, review, approval and implementation of investments to be financed under the SAGCOT Catalytic Fund (Component 2); (b) specifies appropriate roles and responsibilities and outlines the necessary reporting procedures for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to Project investments; (c) determines the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESMF; and (d) proposes a budget to implement the recommendations outlined in this document. The ESMF will apply to all SAGCOT supported investments funded under Component 2 only. Activities funded under Component 1 are not expected to trigger any safeguards policies, given their focus on institutional capacity building and do not include any civil works. That said, Component 1 capacity building activities will include efforts to improve environmental and social management within project agencies. The annexes contain relevant material referenced throughout the document. The Operational Tools and Guidelines provide the resources needed for implementing the Catalytic Fund Subproject Environmental and Social Review, Appraisal, Monitoring and Reporting Process. Regarding resettlement, since the extent and location of project investments is not known at this time, and any potential resettlement will only be identified when sub-projects are being assessed, the RPF establishes the resettlement objectives and principles, organisational arrangements and funding mechanisms for any resettlement associated with the World Bank-financed SAGCOT Project. In order to evaluate the environmental and social issues associated with the broader SAGCOT Program, the overarching objective of the SAGCOT SRESA is to improve the investment decisions of all the different stakeholders by identifying environmental and social issues (both opportunities and constraints) and mainstreaming them into the development planning process. The SRESA aims to look at broader cumulative impacts associated with the broader SAGCOT Program, along with other ongoing activites within the Project Area. Toward this aim, the SRESA includes a scenario analysis of more detailed environmental and social issues in one prominent cluster (the Kilombero Cluster) in order to: i) identify potential Program and Project impacts; ii) highlight areas where future work is needed to manage those impacts; and (iii) iii) develop an initial database for monitoring project- related agribusiness investment impacts in the Corridor. The scenario assessment and monitoring approaches may be applied to a broader range of investment clusters by the SAGCOT Centre and related government authorities. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT The southern corridor covers approximately one third of mainland Tanzania and is aligned east-west along a backbone
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shining a Light on Species Delimitation in the Tree Genus Engelhardia
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 152 (2020) 106918 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Shining a light on species delimitation in the tree genus Engelhardia T Leschenault ex Blume (Juglandaceae) Can-Yu Zhanga,i, Shook Ling Lowb, Yi-Gang Songc,e, Nurainasd, Gregor Kozlowskie, Truong Van Dof, Lang Lia,g,j, Shi-Shun Zhoug, Yun-Hong Tang,j, Guan-Long Caoa,i, Zhuo Zhouh, ⁎ ⁎ Hong-Hu Menga,g, , Jie Lia,g,j, a Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650023, China b CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China c Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China d Department of Biology, Faculty of Math. & Nat. Sci. Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia e Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland f Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam g Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar h CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China i University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China j Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Enhanced efficacy in species delimitation is critically important in biology given the pending biodiversity crisis Species delimitation under global warming and anthropogenic activity.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae Including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)
    Peterson, P.M., K. Romaschenko, and Y. Herrera Arrieta. 2020. A phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae). Phytoneuron 2020-81: 1–13. Published 18 November 2020. ISSN 2153 733 A PHYLOGENY OF THE HUBBARDOCHLOINAE INCLUDING TETRACHAETE (CYNODONTEAE: CHLORIDOIDEAE: POACEAE) PAUL M. PETERSON AND KONSTANTIN ROMASCHENKO Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected]; [email protected] YOLANDA HERRERA ARRIETA Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA Durango, C.P. 34220, México [email protected] ABSTRACT The phylogeny of subtribe Hubbardochloinae is revisited, here with the inclusion of the monotypic genus Tetrachaete, based on a molecular DNA analysis using ndhA intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, rps16- trnK, and ITS markers. Tetrachaete elionuroides is aligned within the Hubbardochloinae and is sister to Dignathia. The biogeography of the Hubbardochloinae is discussed, its origin likely in Africa or temperate Asia. In a previous molecular DNA phylogeny (Peterson et al. 2016), the subtribe Hubbardochloinae Auquier [Bewsia Gooss., Dignathia Stapf, Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Hubbardochloa Auquier, Leptocarydion Hochst. ex Stapf, Leptothrium Kunth, and Lophacme Stapf] was found in a clade with moderate support (BS = 75, PP = 1.00) sister to the Farragininae P.M. Peterson et al. In the present study, Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov. is included in a phylogenetic analysis (using ndhA intron, rpl32- trnL, rps16 intron, rps16-trnK, and ITS DNA markers) in order to test its relationships within the Cynodonteae with heavy sampling of species in the supersubtribe Gouiniodinae P.M. Peterson & Romasch. Chiovenda (1903) described Tetrachaete Chiov. with a with single species, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Troublesomeness’ of Transboundary Aquifers in the SADC Region NICK ROBINS British Geological Survey Queen’S University Belfast Groundwater Dependence
    A classification of the ‘troublesomeness’ of transboundary aquifers in the SADC region NICK ROBINS British Geological Survey Queen’s University Belfast Groundwater dependence 300 Basement 200 Sedimentary Volcanic 100 UNSAs MacDonald rural population (million) et al 2000 0 B V CS US Eckstein & Eckstein (2003) defined six types of TBA: 1. An unconfined aquifer that is linked hydraulically with a river, both of which flow along an international border (i.e., the river forms the border between two states). 2. An unconfined aquifer intersected by an international border and linked hydraulically with a river that is also intersected by the same international border. 3. An unconfined aquifer that flows across an international border and that is hydraulically linked to a river that flows completely within the territory of one state. 4. An unconfined aquifer that is completely within the territory of one state but that is linked hydraulically to a river flowing across an international border. 5. A confined aquifer, unconnected hydraulically with any surface body of water, with a zone of recharge (possibly in an unconfined portion of the aquifer) that traverses an international boundary or that is located completely in another state. 6. A transboundary aquifer unrelated to any surface body of water and devoid of any recharge. … but TBAs are by no means straightforward… Wet and dry climate cycles in Malawi 1962 -2003 TBAs identified in Africa by ISARM- Africa TBAs on the SADC Hydrogeological Map No. TBA References Name Member States River Basin Aquifer Characteristics from the SADC Groundwater Archive at: www.sadcgwarchive.net Tertiary to Quaternary age alluvial sands and gravels of the Ruvuma Delta, overlieing Coastal Sedimentary 3 Tanzania, Mozambique Ruvuma Cretaceous-age sedimentary strata.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Changes in the Zambezi River Basin This Book Is a Product of the CODESRIA Comparative Research Network
    Ecological Changes in the Zambezi River Basin This book is a product of the CODESRIA Comparative Research Network. Ecological Changes in the Zambezi River Basin Edited by Mzime Ndebele-Murisa Ismael Aaron Kimirei Chipo Plaxedes Mubaya Taurai Bere Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa DAKAR © CODESRIA 2020 Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Angle Canal IV BP 3304 Dakar, 18524, Senegal Website: www.codesria.org ISBN: 978-2-86978-713-1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission from CODESRIA. Typesetting: CODESRIA Graphics and Cover Design: Masumbuko Semba Distributed in Africa by CODESRIA Distributed elsewhere by African Books Collective, Oxford, UK Website: www.africanbookscollective.com The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) is an independent organisation whose principal objectives are to facilitate research, promote research-based publishing and create multiple forums for critical thinking and exchange of views among African researchers. All these are aimed at reducing the fragmentation of research in the continent through the creation of thematic research networks that cut across linguistic and regional boundaries. CODESRIA publishes Africa Development, the longest standing Africa based social science journal; Afrika Zamani, a journal of history; the African Sociological Review; Africa Review of Books and the Journal of Higher Education in Africa. The Council also co- publishes Identity, Culture and Politics: An Afro-Asian Dialogue; and the Afro-Arab Selections for Social Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Irrigation of Wetlands in Tanzania
    Irrigation of wetlands in Tanzania Item Type Working Paper Authors Masija, E.H. Download date 06/10/2021 16:30:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/528 Irrigation of wetlands in Tanzania E.H. Masija Irrigation Department Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Cooperatives P.O. Box 9192 Dar es Salaam Summary Over 1,164,000 ha of wetland areas are listed as suitable for irrigation, mainly for crop production and livestock grazing. Existing and planned irrigation schemes are described for the ,main river basins where large areas are devoted to rice and sugar cane. Emphasis' is placed on the value of small scale, farmer-managed irrigation schemes and the rehabilitation of traditional systems. Introduction All wetlands are potentially suitable for agriculture because of their available water and high soil fertility. Due to national priorities or requirements some wetlands are put to other uses, such as game reserves. The total wetland area identified as suitable for irrigation development is estimated to be over 1,164,600 ha (Table 1). Wetlands are swamps or low lying areas of land which are subject to inundation, usually seasonally. They have hydromorphic soils, transitional morphological characteristics between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and support hydrophytes and halophytes. Wetlands in Tanzania can be characterised under four main categories: 1. Deltaic processes of rivers which discharge into the Indian Ocean and are characterised by flat topography, low lying relief and heavy'clay soils. They are subject to sea water intrusion which contributes to the salinisation of the soils which, under predominantly mangrove vegetation, are potentially acid sulphate.
    [Show full text]
  • 22. Tribe ERAGROSTIDEAE Ihl/L^Ä Huameicaozu Chen Shouliang (W-"^ G,), Wu Zhenlan (ß^E^^)
    POACEAE 457 at base, 5-35 cm tall, pubescent. Basal leaf sheaths tough, whit- Enneapogon schimperianus (A. Richard) Renvoize; Pap- ish, enclosing cleistogamous spikelets, finally becoming fi- pophorum aucheri Jaubert & Spach; P. persicum (Boissier) brous; leaf blades usually involute, filiform, 2-12 cm, 1-3 mm Steudel; P. schimperianum Hochstetter ex A. Richard; P. tur- wide, densely pubescent or the abaxial surface with longer comanicum Trautvetter. white soft hairs, finely acuminate. Panicle gray, dense, spike- Perennial. Culms compactly tufted, wiry, erect or genicu- hke, linear to ovate, 1.5-5 x 0.6-1 cm. Spikelets with 3 fiorets, late, 15^5 cm tall, pubescent especially below nodes. Basal 5.5-7 mm; glumes pubescent, 3-9-veined, lower glume 3-3.5 mm, upper glume 4-5 mm; lowest lemma 1.5-2 mm, densely leaf sheaths tough, lacking cleistogamous spikelets, not becom- villous; awns 2-A mm, subequal, ciliate in lower 2/3 of their ing fibrous; leaf blades usually involute, rarely fiat, often di- length; third lemma 0.5-3 mm, reduced to a small tuft of awns. verging at a wide angle from the culm, 3-17 cm, "i-^ mm wide, Anthers 0.3-0.6 mm. PL and &. Aug-Nov. 2« = 36. pubescent, acuminate. Panicle olive-gray or tinged purplish, contracted to spikelike, narrowly oblong, 4•18 x 1-2 cm. Dry hill slopes; 1000-1900 m. Anhui, Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mon- Spikelets with 3 or 4 florets, 8-14 mm; glumes puberulous, (5-) gol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan [India, Kazakhstan, 7-9-veined, lower glume 5-10 mm, upper glume 7-11 mm; Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, E Russia; Africa, America, SW Asia].
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status and Future Prospects of Hydropower for Sustainable Water and Energy Development in Tanzania
    Hindawi Journal of Renewable Energy Volume 2018, Article ID 6570358, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6570358 Review Article The Status and Future Prospects of Hydropower for Sustainable Water and Energy Development in Tanzania Baraka Kichonge Mechanical Engineering Department, Arusha Technical College (ATC), P.O. Box 296, Arusha, Tanzania Correspondence should be addressed to Baraka Kichonge; [email protected] Received 7 January 2018; Accepted 8 March 2018; Published 6 May 2018 Academic Editor: Wei-Hsin Chen Copyright © 2018 Baraka Kichonge. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tanzania is among the countries with the fastest growing economy in Africa and therefore the need for afordable, clean, and most importantly sustainable electrical energy to meet her ever growing demands is pressing. In recent years, the country’s electricity needs have been largely dominated by thermal generations despite the fact that Tanzania is gifed with huge hydropower resource potential approximated at 38,000 MW with only a very small portion exploited to date. However, the exploited potential is expected to grow by commissioning of identifed large and medium-scale hydropower projects with a total installed capacity of 4,765 MW currently under various stages of implementation. Moreover, the geographical location of Tanzania has several benefts to support development of small hydropower projects essential for appropriate utilization of available water resources as a way of mitigating climate challenges efects. Over the last decade, the country electricity demand along with end-use of energy has witnessed signifcant increases as economic development spreads towards achieving Vision 2025 goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Risk Patterns of Freshwater Megafauna: a Global Perspective
    Diversity and risk patterns of freshwater megafauna: A global perspective Inaugural-Dissertation to obtain the academic degree Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in River Science Submitted to the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of Freie Universität Berlin By FENGZHI HE 2019 This thesis work was conducted between October 2015 and April 2019, under the supervision of Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries), Jun.-Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen), Dr. Alex Henshaw (Queen Mary University of London) and Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner (Freie Universität Berlin and Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries). The work was carried out at Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany and Queen Mary University of London, UK. 1st Reviewer: Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig 2nd Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner Date of defense: 27.06. 2019 The SMART Joint Doctorate Programme Research for this thesis was conducted with the support of the Erasmus Mundus Programme, within the framework of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD) SMART (Science for MAnagement of Rivers and their Tidal systems). EMJDs aim to foster cooperation between higher education institutions and academic staff in Europe and third countries with a view to creating centres of excellence and providing a highly skilled 21st century workforce enabled to lead social, cultural and economic developments. All EMJDs involve mandatory mobility between the universities in the consortia and lead to the award of recognised joint, double or multiple degrees. The SMART programme represents a collaboration among the University of Trento, Queen Mary University of London and Freie Universität Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Out of Lake Tanganyika: Endemic Lake Fishes Inhabit Rapids of the Lukuga River
    355 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 355-376, 5 figs., 3 tabs., December 2011 © 2011 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River Sven O. Kullander* and Tyson R. Roberts** The Lukuga River is a large permanent river intermittently serving as the only effluent of Lake Tanganyika. For at least the first one hundred km its water is almost pure lake water. Seventy-seven species of fish were collected from six localities along the Lukuga River. Species of cichlids, cyprinids, and clupeids otherwise known only from Lake Tanganyika were identified from rapids in the Lukuga River at Niemba, 100 km from the lake, whereas downstream localities represent a Congo River fish fauna. Cichlid species from Niemba include special- ized algal browsers that also occur in the lake (Simochromis babaulti, S. diagramma) and one invertebrate picker representing a new species of a genus (Tanganicodus) otherwise only known from the lake. Other fish species from Niemba include an abundant species of clupeid, Stolothrissa tanganicae, otherwise only known from Lake Tangan- yika that has a pelagic mode of life in the lake. These species demonstrate that their adaptations are not neces- sarily dependent upon the lake habitat. Other endemic taxa occurring at Niemba are known to frequent vegetat- ed shore habitats or river mouths similar to the conditions at the entrance of the Lukuga, viz. Chelaethiops minutus (Cyprinidae), Lates mariae (Latidae), Mastacembelus cunningtoni (Mastacembelidae), Astatotilapia burtoni, Ctenochromis horei, Telmatochromis dhonti, and Tylochromis polylepis (Cichlidae). The Lukuga frequently did not serve as an ef- fluent due to weed masses and sand bars building up at the exit, and low water levels of Lake Tanganyika.
    [Show full text]
  • Limnological Study of Lake Tanganyika, Africa with Special Emphasis on Piscicultural Potentiality Lambert Niyoyitungiye
    Limnological Study of Lake Tanganyika, Africa with Special Emphasis on Piscicultural Potentiality Lambert Niyoyitungiye To cite this version: Lambert Niyoyitungiye. Limnological Study of Lake Tanganyika, Africa with Special Emphasis on Piscicultural Potentiality. Biodiversity and Ecology. Assam University Silchar (Inde), 2019. English. tel-02536191 HAL Id: tel-02536191 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02536191 Submitted on 9 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. “LIMNOLOGICAL STUDY OF LAKE TANGANYIKA, AFRICA WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON PISCICULTURAL POTENTIALITY” A THESIS SUBMITTED TO ASSAM UNIVERSITY FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LIFE SCIENCE AND BIOINFORMATICS By Lambert Niyoyitungiye (Ph.D. Registration No.Ph.D/3038/2016) Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Assam University Silchar - 788011 India Under the Supervision of Dr.Anirudha Giri from Assam University, Silchar & Co-Supervision of Prof. Bhanu Prakash Mishra from Mizoram University, Aizawl Defence date: 17 September, 2019 To Almighty and merciful God & To My beloved parents with love i MEMBERS OF EXAMINATION BOARD iv Contents Niyoyitungiye, 2019 CONTENTS Page Numbers CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1-7 I.1 Background and Motivation of the Study ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The C4 Plant Lineages of Planet Earth
    Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 62, No. 9, pp. 3155–3169, 2011 doi:10.1093/jxb/err048 Advance Access publication 16 March, 2011 REVIEW PAPER The C4 plant lineages of planet Earth Rowan F. Sage1,*, Pascal-Antoine Christin2 and Erika J. Edwards2 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2 Canada 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Providence, RI 02912, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Received 30 November 2010; Revised 1 February 2011; Accepted 2 February 2011 Abstract Using isotopic screens, phylogenetic assessments, and 45 years of physiological data, it is now possible to identify most of the evolutionary lineages expressing the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Here, 62 recognizable lineages of C4 photosynthesis are listed. Thirty-six lineages (60%) occur in the eudicots. Monocots account for 26 lineages, with a Downloaded from minimum of 18 lineages being present in the grass family and six in the sedge family. Species exhibiting the C3–C4 intermediate type of photosynthesis correspond to 21 lineages. Of these, 9 are not immediately associated with any C4 lineage, indicating that they did not share common C3–C4 ancestors with C4 species and are instead an independent line. The geographic centre of origin for 47 of the lineages could be estimated. These centres tend to jxb.oxfordjournals.org cluster in areas corresponding to what are now arid to semi-arid regions of southwestern North America, south- central South America, central Asia, northeastern and southern Africa, and inland Australia.
    [Show full text]