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Lucy S. Dawidowicz and the Restitution of Jewish Cultural Property
/XF\6'DZLGRZLF]DQGWKH5HVWLWXWLRQRI-HZLVK&XOWXUDO 3URSHUW\ 1DQF\6LQNRII American Jewish History, Volume 100, Number 1, January 2016, pp. 117-147 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV DOI: 10.1353/ajh.2016.0009 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ajh/summary/v100/100.1.sinkoff.html Access provided by Rutgers University (20 Jan 2016 03:00 GMT) From the Archives: Lucy S. Dawidowicz and the Restitution of Jewish Cultural Property NANCY SINKOFF1 In September of 1946, Lucy Schildkret, who later in life would earn renown under her married name, Lucy S. Dawidowicz,2 as an “inten- tionalist” historian of the Holocaust,3 sailed to Europe to work for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the JDC, the Joint, or the AJDC) in its overseas educational department among Jewish refugees in displaced persons (DP) camps.4 She later recalled that the journey had filled her with foreboding.5 Schildkret was returning to a Europe 1. I would like to thank David Fishman, Dana Herman, and the anonymous readers of American Jewish History for comments on earlier versions of this article. 2. I use the name Lucy Schildkret for anything she wrote prior to her marriage to Szymon Dawidowicz in January of 1948, Lucy S. Dawidowicz after her marriage, and Libe when she or her correspondents wrote in Yiddish. 3. The literature on “intentionalism” — the view that German antisemitism laid the foundation for Hitler’s early and then inexorable design to exterminate European Jewry — is enormous. See Omer Bartov, Germany’s War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2003), 80–81; Michael R. -
Division, Records of the Cultural Affairs Branch, 1946–1949 108 10.1.5.7
RECONSTRUCTING THE RECORD OF NAZI CULTURAL PLUNDER A GUIDE TO THE DISPERSED ARCHIVES OF THE EINSATZSTAB REICHSLEITER ROSENBERG (ERR) AND THE POSTWARD RETRIEVAL OF ERR LOOT Patricia Kennedy Grimsted Revised and Updated Edition Chapter 10: United States of America (March 2015) Published on-line with generous support of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference), in association with the International Institute of Social History (IISH/IISG), Amsterdam, and the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust, and Genocide Studies, Amsterdam, at http://www.errproject.org © Copyright 2015, Patricia Kennedy Grimsted The original volume was initially published as: Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder: A Survey of the Dispersed Archives of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), IISH Research Paper 47, by the International Institute of Social History (IISH), in association with the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Amsterdam, and with generous support of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference), Amsterdam, March 2011 © Patricia Kennedy Grimsted The entire original volume and individual sections are available in a PDF file for free download at: http://socialhistory.org/en/publications/reconstructing-record-nazi-cultural- plunder. Also now available is the updated Introduction: “Alfred Rosenberg and the ERR: The Records of Plunder and the Fate of Its Loot” (last revsied May 2015). Other updated country chapters and a new Israeli chapter will be posted as completed at: http://www.errproject.org. The Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), the special operational task force headed by Adolf Hitler’s leading ideologue Alfred Rosenberg, was the major NSDAP agency engaged in looting cultural valuables in Nazi-occupied countries during the Second World War. -
Handbuch Zur Judaica Provenienz Forschung: Zeremonialobjekte
Looted Art and Jewish Cultural Property Initiative Salo Baron und Mitglieder des Synagogue Council of America bei der Beerdigung von Torah Rollen beim Beth El Friedhof, Paramus, New Jersey, 13 Jänner 1952. Foto von Fred Stein, Sammlung der American Jewish Historical Society, New York, USA. HANDBUCH ZUR JUDAICA PROVENIENZ FORSCHUNG: ZEREMONIALOBJEKTE Von Julie-Marthe Cohen, Felicitas Heimann-Jelinek, und Ruth Jolanda Weinberger ins Deutsche übersetzt von: Felicitas Heimann-Jelinek Die deutsche Übersetzung kam dank der großzügigen Unterstützung der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien zustande. ©Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, 2019 Inhalt Vorwort, Wesley A. Fisher Seite 4 Verzichtserklärung Seite 7 Einleitung Seite 8 TEIL 1 – Historische Übersicht 1.1. Judaica- und jüdische Museumssammlungen der Vorkriegszeit: Eine Übersicht Seite 12 1.2 Nazi-Organisationen und Raubkunst Seite 17 1.3 Die Plünderung von Judaica: Sammlungen von Museen, Gemeinden und Privatpersonen – Ein Überblick Seite 29 1.4 Die Zerstreuung jüdischer Zeremonialobjekte im Westen nach 1945: Jewish Cultural Reconstruction Seite 44 1.5 Die Zerstreuung jüdischer Zeremonialobjekte im Osten: Die Sowjetischen Trophäenbrigaden und Verstaatlichungen im Osten nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg Seite 63 TEIL 2 – Judaica Objekte 2.1 Zur Definition von Judaica-Objekten Seite 79 2.2 Zur Identifikation von Judaica-Objekten Seite 80 2.2.1 Inschriften Seite 80 2.2.1.1 Personennamen Seite 80 2.2.1.2 Gemeinde- und Ortsnamen Seite 81 2.2.1.3 Datierungen Seite -
Gershom Biography an Intellectual Scholem from Berlin to Jerusalem and Back Gershom Scholem
noam zadoff Gershom Biography An Intellectual Scholem From Berlin to Jerusalem and Back gershom scholem The Tauber Institute Series for the Study of European Jewry Jehuda Reinharz, General Editor ChaeRan Y. Freeze, Associate Editor Sylvia Fuks Fried, Associate Editor Eugene R. Sheppard, Associate Editor The Tauber Institute Series is dedicated to publishing compelling and innovative approaches to the study of modern European Jewish history, thought, culture, and society. The series features scholarly works related to the Enlightenment, modern Judaism and the struggle for emancipation, the rise of nationalism and the spread of antisemitism, the Holocaust and its aftermath, as well as the contemporary Jewish experience. The series is published under the auspices of the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry —established by a gift to Brandeis University from Dr. Laszlo N. Tauber —and is supported, in part, by the Tauber Foundation and the Valya and Robert Shapiro Endowment. For the complete list of books that are available in this series, please see www.upne.com Noam Zadoff Gershom Scholem: From Berlin to Jerusalem and Back *Monika Schwarz-Friesel and Jehuda Reinharz Inside the Antisemitic Mind: The Language of Jew-Hatred in Contemporary Germany Elana Shapira Style and Seduction: Jewish Patrons, Architecture, and Design in Fin de Siècle Vienna ChaeRan Y. Freeze, Sylvia Fuks Fried, and Eugene R. Sheppard, editors The Individual in History: Essays in Honor of Jehuda Reinharz Immanuel Etkes Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liady: The Origins of Chabad Hasidism *Robert Nemes and Daniel Unowsky, editors Sites of European Antisemitism in the Age of Mass Politics, 1880–1918 Sven-Erik Rose Jewish Philosophical Politics in Germany, 1789–1848 ChaeRan Y. -
The Archivists Round Table of Metropolitan New York, Inc. Volume 20, No. 2 Summer 2014
Metropolitan Archivist The Archivists Round Table of Metropolitan New York, Inc. Volume 20, No. 2 Summer 2014 nycarchivists.org Welcome! The following individuals have joined the Archivists Round Table We extend a special thank you to the following of Metropolitan New York, Inc. (A.R.T.) from January 2014 to June 2014 members for their support as A.R.T. Sustaining Members: Gaetano F. Bello, Corrinne Collett, New Members Anthony Cucchiara, Constance de Ropp, Barbara John Brokaw Haws, Chris Lacinak, Sharon Lehner, Liz Kent Cynthia Brenwall León, Alice Merchant, Sanford Santacroce Maureen Callahan The Michael Carter Thank you to our Sponsorship Members: Archivists Celestina Cuadrado Ann Butler, Frank Caputo, Linda Edgerly, Chris Round Table of Metropolitan Jacqueline DeQuinzio Genao, Celia Hartmann, David Kay, Stephen New York, Elizabeth Fox-Corbett Perkins, Marilyn H. Pettit, Alix Ross, Craig Savino Inc. Tess Hartman-Cullen Carmen Lopez The mission of Metropolitan Archivist is to Sam Markham serve members of the Archivists Round Table of Volume 20, Brian Meacham Metropolitan New York, Inc. (A.R.T.) by: No. 2 Chloe Pfendler - Informing them of A.R.T. activities through Summer 2014 David Rose reports of monthly meetings and committee Angela Salisbury activities nycarchivists.org Natalia Sucre - Relating important announcements about Marissa Vassari individual members and member repositories - Reporting important news related to the New York Board of Directors New Student Members metropolitan area archival profession Pamela Cruz Carlos Acevado - Providing a forum to discuss archival issues President Elizabeth Berg Ryan Anthony Thomas Cleary Metropolitan Archivist (ISSN 1546-3125) is Donaldson Vice President Rina Eisenberg issued semi-annually to the members of A.R.T. -
Returning Looted European Library Collections: an Historical Analysis of the Offenbach Archival Depot, 1945–1948
Anne Rothfeld1 RETURNING LOOTED EUROPEAN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE OFFENBACH ARCHIVAL DEPOT, 1945–1948 In 1944, Pierce Butler wrote, “ever since libraries have existed, war has been one of the chief agencies of [their] annihilation.”2 The looting and destruction of cultural treasures during wartime is an established fact throughout Western history, including Greek and Roman times as well as during the Crusades, when empires stripped defeated nations of their cultural heritage. During the Napoleonic Wars in the early nineteenth century, Napoleon had an army of art commissioners who were ordered to locate and seize valuable cultural property, including whole libraries, for transfer to France. But the systematic Nazi confiscation of European cultural treasures in the twentieth century was unique, as looting at- tained new ideological and methodological dimensions that furthered the Nazi goals of destroying whole peoples and cultures. Despite recent publicity on the restitution of Nazi stolen artworks, the seizure and destruction of European library collections receives little attention today. But this was certainly not the case just after the end of the war. Recognizing the massive looting that had transpired, the Allies set up the largest book restitution program in history, a program that can justly be described as the antithesis to the German plundering machine. In March 1946, the Allied Military occupation government of Germany established the Offenbach Archival Depot, and placed it under the supervision of the Monuments, Fine Arts, & Archives program (MFA&A), a branch of the Office of Military Government in Germany and Austria. The task of the men assigned to the program—young historians, museum curators, librarians, and archivists—was to recover, 1. -
Israeli Chapter, While Additions in the United States and the Netherlands Bring the Total Coverage to Over 35 Repositories
RECONSTRUCTING THE RECORD OF NAZI CULTURAL PLUNDER A GUIDE TO THE DISPERSED ARCHIVES OF THE EINSATZSTAB REICHSLEITER ROSENBERG (ERR) AND THE POSTWAR RETRIEVAL OF ERR LOOT Patricia Kennedy Grimsted Expanded and Updated Edition Published on-line with generous support of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference), in association with the International Institute of Social History (IISH), Amsterdam, and the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Amsterdam © Copyright 2015, Patricia Kennedy Grimsted The original volume was initially published as: Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder: A Survey of the Dispersed Archives of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), IISH Research Paper 47, by the International Institute of Social History (IISH), in association with the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Amsterdam, and with generous support of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference), Amsterdam, March 2011. The entire original 2011 volume and country chapters are available in free PDF files at: http://socialhistory.org/en/publications/reconstructing-record-nazi-cultural-plunder. Also now available at http://www.errproject.org is the updated Introduction: “Alfred Rosenberg and the ERR: The Records of Plunder and the Fate of Its Loot” (LAST REVISED August 2015) Chapter 6 (earlier Ch. 5): The Netherlands (LAST REVISED October 2015) and Chapter 10 (earlier Ch. 9): United States of America (LAST REVISED March 2015) Other updated country chapters will be available as completed at: http://www.errproject.org/guide The Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), the special operational task force headed by Adolf Hitler’s leading ideologue Alfred Rosenberg, was the major NSDAP agency engaged in looting cultural valuables in Nazi-occupied countries during the Second World War. -
32176 Newsletter
No. 193 hshgu, hshgu, Winter IVOIVO 2001-2002 YYNEWS hHuu† pui Memorial Concert YIVO Showcases Music of Vladimir Heifetz IVO paid tribute to the late Heifetz, who helped make the Arranged by Heifetz, the pieces Ycomposer and conductor, evening possible. The concert included texts and melodies by YIVO Institute Vladimir Heifetz, with the opened with Ot Azoy Neyt a M. Warshawsky. Among the for “Songs Are All I Have!” concert. Shnayder and Fuga (Hekher Beser), songs performed were Frayer Jewish The November 15 event was sung by The New Yiddish Foygl and Zun in Mayrev, both Research dedicated to the memory of Chorale. with words by Wolf Younin; Der Heifetz and his wife Pearl. It Rususher Lakh Polka, with hHshagr featured the New Yiddish text by Mendl Elkin; and uuhxbaTpykgfgr Chorale, directed by Zalman an excerptfrom “A Ghetto thbxyhyuy ≈ thbxyhyuy Mlotek; Cantor Shayna L. Cantata,” with text by poet hHuu† Smith and Re’ut Ben-Ze’ev, Abraham Sutzkever. sopranos; Cantor Robert “It was grand,” noted Paul Paul Abelson, baritone; Bob Glasser, Associate Dean of Goldstone, piano; and Prof. the Max Weinreich Center. Mark Slobin of Wesleyan “The concert showed the range of Heifetz’s compo- University as guest speaker. Cantor Robert Paul Abelson, Re’ut Ben-Ze’ev and Milton Zisman, Esq., and Cantor Shayna L. Smith performing a song with the sitions and arrangements Rabbi Israel Paleyev repre- new Yiddish Chorale at the Vladimir Heifetz of Jewish music.” sented the Estate of Pearl Memorial Concert. [continued on page 9] Yale to Publish Kruk Diaries in English, Spring 2002 IVO and Yale University Press are proud to Literature at Yale University, and translated by Yannounce that The Last Days of Jerusalem of Barbara Harshav. -
Ooted D Ju Daic Ca
Descriptive Catalogue of Looted Judaica New York Partially Updated Edition 2016 First Edition 2009 2 Photo on front page: Offenbach, Germany, Some of the six hundred Torah scrolls that were brought to the Offenbach Archival Depot from all over the American-administered area, 1946. Yad Vashem Photo Archive Archival Signature: 368 Album Number: FA2 73/42 This catalogue represents the results of the current best efforts research of the Claims Conference and is based upon information obtained by the Claims Conference to date. The Claims Conference makes no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and the catalogue should not be relied upon or used as proof, legal or equitable, as to current or past ownership of the items described within. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer page 5 Foreword page 6 PART A. INTRODUCTION I. Introduction: Goal and Purpose page 7 II. Overview: Historical Background page 9 1.1 Synopsis of Anti-Jewish Legislation page 9 1.2 Spoliation of Jewish Property page 12 1.3 Restitution Efforts after World War II page 23 III. Selected Bibliography page 40 IV. Archival Records page 70 1.1. Observations and General Information page 70 1.2. Selected Archives page 71 1.3. Online Archival Records page 77 1.4. Claims Conference Sponsored page 77 Archival Projects: The Virtual Reconstruction of the Records of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg PART B. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE page 80 By Country Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Armenia, Azerbaijan Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech This catalogue represents the results of the current best efforts research of the Claims Conference and is based upon information obtained by the Claims Conference to date. -
The Polishness of Lucy S. Dawidowicz's Postwar Jewish Cold
A JEW SH FEM NNE MYST QUE? The Polishness of Lucy S. Dawidowicz' s Postwar jewish Cold War NANCY SINKOFF Lucy S. Dawidowicz (r9r5-I990 ), the American Jewish historian known for her work on East European Jewry and its destruction, was a fierce political animal in the postwar years. Her interests included the history of Jewish politics and the role of the leaders of the formal Jewish community as stewards of Jewish com munal life. Late in life, while working on a history of American Jews, she wrote to historian Robert Dallek: "For some years now I've been engaged in research for a broad-gauged history ofJews in America. Politics is one of the many aspects ofJewish life I want to write about-Jews in politics, as office holders, and in rela tion to men in power."' Although her youthful political education had begun on the left, by the 1970s Dawidowicz had firmly entrenched herself in the emergent neoconservative camp, a vocal critic of the New Left and of the social move ments associated with 1960s radicalism. Like that of many other Jewish neocon servatives, Dawidowicz's politics were fueled by an unrelenting anticommunism. Already in the 1950s, when she wrote several major articles on communism for liberal anticommunist popular journals like Commentary and The New Leader, Dawidowicz had begun to develop a public persona as a cold warrior. Although passionate ideological feuding informed the anticommunism of the group of primarily male intellectuals associated with Partisan Review and Commentary, later dubbed the "New York intellectuals" by Irving Howe in his Commentary article of 1968, "The New York Intellectuals: A Chronicle and a Critique," Dawidowicz's rejection of communism was also based in her life-long involvement with modern Yiddish culture.' Educated in the interwar years in the Sholem Aleichem Folk Institute schools, Dawidowicz (then Schildkret) went to Vilna, Poland, in 1938 as a graduate fellow (aspirant) of the YIVO Institute. -
Lucy S. Dawidowicz and the Restitution of Jewish Cultural Property
From the Archives: Lucy S. Dawidowicz and the Restitution of Jewish Cultural Property NANCY SINKOFF1 In September of 1946, Lucy Schildkret, who later in life would earn renown under her married name, Lucy S. Dawidowicz,2 as an “inten- tionalist” historian of the Holocaust,3 sailed to Europe to work for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the JDC, the Joint, or the AJDC) in its overseas educational department among Jewish refugees in displaced persons (DP) camps.4 She later recalled that the journey had filled her with foreboding.5 Schildkret was returning to a Europe 1. I would like to thank David Fishman, Dana Herman, and the anonymous readers of American Jewish History for comments on earlier versions of this article. 2. I use the name Lucy Schildkret for anything she wrote prior to her marriage to Szymon Dawidowicz in January of 1948, Lucy S. Dawidowicz after her marriage, and Libe when she or her correspondents wrote in Yiddish. 3. The literature on “intentionalism” — the view that German antisemitism laid the foundation for Hitler’s early and then inexorable design to exterminate European Jewry — is enormous. See Omer Bartov, Germany’s War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2003), 80–81; Michael R. Marrus, The Holocaust in History (New York: New American Library, 1987), 37; David Engel, The Holocaust: The Third Reich and the Jews (London and New York: Longman, Pearson Education, 2000), 26–37; and Dan Michman, Holocaust Historiography: A Jewish Perspective (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003). Despite criticism by “functionalist” historians who claimed that even with the founding of the Third Reich in 1933, no one within the Nazi Party had a coherent plan for what to do with the Jews — something that led to conflict and competition in the various Nazi agencies’ pursuit of anti-Jewish policies — Dawido- wicz maintained her “intentionalist” views throughout her life. -
Toward an Inventory of Jewish Cultural Assets in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and Eastern Europe: Key Contacts
Toward An Inventory of Jewish Cultural Assets in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and Eastern Europe: Key Contacts Submitted to: The Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture Prepared by: Ukeles Associates, Inc Professor Zvi Gitelman Ms. Laura Meislin Colonel Seymour Pomrenze Dr. Jaclc Ukeles February 1999 CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION Background Geographic Area Pilot Phase II. CONTACTS LIST AND COMMENTS Ill. THEDATABASE IV. EXAMPLES OF INVENTORIES V. CONCLUSION 1. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The Jewish people will never recover from the destruction of European Jewry during the Holocaust, nor can it estimate the losses suffered under Communism. For the last fifty years, the Jews have had two sacred tasks: To help individual survivors rebuild their lives; and To rebuild Jewish life, Jewish communities and Jewish culture wherever possible. This period is coming to an end. One additional task remains: to preserve the cultural assets of the Jewish people for future generations. These assets are an integral part of the spiritual heritage of the Jewish people. The Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture has played a key role in the preservation and enhancement of Jewish culture after the Holocaust. As part of this commitment, the Memorial Foundation is preparing the groundwork for a full-scale inventory of Jewish cultural assets in the FSU and Eastern Europe. The Inventory itself is the first phase of the larger effort to develop a plan for the preservation and use of these assets to meet Jewish cultural needs. The scope of the project, by its nature, is extremely broad. It will cover all cultural assets. including: archives, libraries, collections of artifacts and ritual objects, and monuments.