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Decentralization, Deregulation and Economic Transition in China
Decentralization, Deregulation and Economic Transition in China Justin Yifu Lin China Center for Economic Research, Peking University Ran Tao China Center of Agriculture Policy, China Academy of Sciences Mingxing Liu China Center for Economic Research, Peking University 1 Decentralization, Deregulation and Economic Transition in China Abstract In this paper, based on an account of recent economic history of in China, we explore the institutional background and inter-government relationship both in the pre-reform and post- reform period. We demonstrate the centralization-decentralization cycle in the traditional planned system is an inevitable outcome of the regulatory structure endogenous to the overtaking development strategy inconsistent with China’s endowment structure. We also argue that the marketization reform since late 1970s can be viewed as a process of deregulation, and the decentralization at that time is only a means of deregulation. We make a critical review of the “Chinese style fiscal federalism” by arguing that the evolution of fiscal arrangements after the marketization reform is, to a large extent, endogenous to China’s transitional path and de-regulation sequencing. We propose a framework to explain China’s growth in transition and point out that rule-based decentralization in China is yet to be achieved. We argue that the administrative/fiscal decentralization may not promote economic development of China without further reducing government intervention. The existing problems in the current inter-government fiscal arrangement are analyzed from the perspective of development strategy and government regulation. 2 I. Introduction China’s economic transition has been remarkable in the past two decades. In the two decades, China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to an emerging market economy and at the same time has achieved a more than 9 percent average growth rate. -
Catherine Mann CV
CATHERINE L. MANN March 2021 References for the Bank of England ● Kristin J. Forbes, Lemelson Professor of Management and Global Economics, MIT Sloan School of Management; former External Member, MPC. ● Peter Praet, Former Executive Board Member and Chief Economist, European Central Bank. EDUCATION Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PhD Economics (1984). Dissertation title: "Trade and Finance Relations Between the Developed and the Developing Countries." Thesis committee: Rudiger Dornbusch and Paul Krugman. Harvard University, BA Economics, Magna cum Laude (1977). Thesis title: "Internationalizing the Yen: Toward a New World Currency?" ACADEMIC, POLICY, PRIVATE SECTOR EXPERIENCE Citibank. (2/2018-6/2021) Managing Director and Global Chief Economist. Responsible for thought leadership, research guidance of global team of economists, monthly global projections, extensive client meetings, cross-fertilization of research across macroeconomics, fixed-income, credit, and equities to integrate economic research into the core mission of the institution. Mentoring of younger economists. Internal CEO, CFO, risk briefings. Extensive external conferences, communication, and media outreach. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (10/2014-11/2017) Chief Economist and Head of Economics Department, G20 Finance Deputy. Thought leadership for the institution, integrating across departments, and communicating findings so as to achieve the organization’s goal of ‘Better Policies for Better Lives”. Responsible for quarterly global projections and commentary, research guidance and management of 175 staff economists with a budget of 20 million euro. Extensive work with the G7 and G20. Brandeis University (5/2006-9/2014). Barbara ’54 and Richard M. Rosenberg Professor of Global Finance and Director of the Rosenberg Institute of Global Finance. (2010-2014) Dissertation advisor for 5 PhDs. -
Department of Economics Annual Report Calendar Year 2005
Department of Economics Annual Report Calendar Year 2005 PART I – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Department Chair's Summary This year the Department of Economics continued on the steady progress path in research, scholarship, teaching, and outreach set during the last five years. This progress has been severely hampered, however, by the diminished faculty resources at this point available to us for use in meeting our extensive teaching commitments. Research/scholarship. In terms of scholarly publications this has been a very good year both in published and forthcoming papers. This year’s scholarly publications bring out both the core component as well as the interdisciplinary dimension of our research. The visibility of the department has been enhanced with some key publications in both key prestigious journals and highly visible Handbooks, as well as faculty involvement in journal editing. There was also significant success in attracting new grant money, with Deborah Mayo and Catherine Eckel receiving National Science Foundation Awards. James M. Buchanan (University Distinguished Emeritus Professor) has helped greatly to enhance the visibility and scholarship of the department. He financed the 2005 Buchanan Colloquium, entitled: “If Men Were Angels - The Role of Counterfactual Motivational Assumptions in Social Analysis,” which was attended by fourteen distinguished academics from the USA and Europe, including five Econ. faculty members. In addition, three members of the department (D. G. Mayo, A. Spanos and S. Ball) organized a Workshop on the Philosophy and Methodology of Experimental Economics, with participation from leading experimental economics and eminent philosophers of science, including Vernon Smith (Nobel Prize in Economics 2002). Graduate and Undergraduate Education. -
Adam Smith, James Buchanan, and Classical Liberalism: an Interview with James M
•y Notes and Communications•z Adam Smith, James Buchanan, and Classical Liberalism: An Interview with James M. Buchanan* James M. Buchanan Masazumi Wakatabe Yong J. Yoon is the authors' interpretation and extension of Introduction the Smithian proposition that the division of The idea of interviewing James Bu- labor is limited by the extent of the market. chanan, 1986 Nobel laureate in economic But Buchanan's involvement with Adam science, began with a casual conversation Smith does not stop at economics. Having between the two of us, Yong J. Yoon and developed a deep admiration for the tenets of Masazumi Wakatabe. Yoon, whose field is the classical liberal tradition, Buchanan economic theory, has been a close collabora- became its foremost torchbearer in the post- tor of James Buchanan, and together they World War II era. His major contributions to have produced a book and several papers, economics, public choice theory and constitu- including their coedited volume, The Return tional political economy, are regarded as to Increasing Returns (Ann Arbor, MI : Uni- representing the rehabilitation of that tradi- versity of Michigan Press, 1994). Wakatabe tion. is a historian of economic thought. The con- As that conversation drew to a close, versation took place while Wakatabe, during both Wakatabe and Yoon were sharply con- a sabbatical year, was a visiting scholar at scious of the many questions that remained the James Buchanan Center for Political regarding how the philosophy, politics, and Economy at George Mason University, where economics of Adam Smith and the classical Yoon is a senior research scholar at the liberal thinkers merge into Buchanan's Center for Study for Public Choice at George thought. -
Econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Yang, Xiaokai Working Paper Development, Structural Changes, and Urbanization Center Discussion Paper, No. 575 Provided in Cooperation with: Economic Growth Center (EGC), Yale University Suggested Citation: Yang, Xiaokai (1988) : Development, Structural Changes, and Urbanization, Center Discussion Paper, No. 575, Yale University, Economic Growth Center, New Haven, CT This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/160497 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu ECONOMIC GROWTH CENTER YALE UNIVERSITY Box 1987, Yale Station New Haven, Connecticut 06520 CENTER DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 575 DEVELOPMENT, STRUCTURAL CHANGES, AND URBANIZATION Xiaokai Yang Monash University May 1988 Notes: Center Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. -
– Anything Goes
Rybczynski’s Theorem in the Heckscher-Ohlin World ∗ – Anything Goes Marcus M. Opp a, Hugo F. Sonnenschein b, and Christis G. Tombazos c a Graduate School of Business, b Corresponding Author: c Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Department of Economics, Monash University 5807 South Woodlawn Avenue, University of Chicago, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia Chicago, IL 60637 1126 E. 59th Street, Chicago, IL christis.tombazos@ [email protected] 60637 buseco.monash.edu.au Phone: (773) 752-4681 [email protected] Phone: (613) 9905-5166 Fax: (773) 752-4681 Phone: (773) 834-5960 Fax: (613) 9905-5476 Fax: (773) 702-8490 Abstract: We demonstrate that Rybczynski’s classic comparative statics can be reversed in a Heckscher-Ohlin world when preferences in each country favor the exported commodity. This taste bias has empirical support. An increase in the endowment of a factor of production can lead to an absolute curtailment in the production of the commodity using that factor intensively, and an absolute expansion of the commodity using relatively little of the same factor. This outcome – which we call “Reverse Rybczynski” – implies immiserizing factor growth. We present a simple analytical example that delivers this result with unique pre- and post-growth equilibria. In this example, production occurs within the cone of diversification, such that factor price equalization holds. We also provide general conditions that determine the sign of Rybczynski’s comparative statics. Keywords: Rybczynski Theorem; Heckscher-Ohlin; Factor Endowments; Immiserizing Growth; Transfer Paradox JEL classification: F11; D51; D33 ∗ A previous version of this paper was presented in Melbourne as the first Xiaokai Yang Memorial Lecture. -
Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: a Law and Economics Perspective
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 43 Number 2 Summer 2020 Article 3 Summer 2020 Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective Miron Mushkat Roda Mushkat Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Miron Mushkat and Roda Mushkat, Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective, 43 HASTINGS INT'L & COMP. L. Rev. 137 (2020). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol43/ iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 - Mushkat_HICLR_V43-2 (Do Not Delette) 5/1/2020 4:08 PM Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and Economics Perspective MIRON MUSHKAT AND RODA MUSHKAT Abstract Pervasive graft, widely observed throughout Chinese history but deprived of proper outlets and suppressed in the years following the Communist Revolution, resurfaced on massive scale when partial marketization of the economy was embraced in 1978 and beyond. The authorities had endeavored to alleviate the problem, but in an uneven and less than determined fashion. The battle against corruption has greatly intensified after Xi Jinping ascended to power in 2012. The multiyear antigraft campaign that has unfolded has been carried out in an ironfisted and relentless fashion. -
CID Working Paper No. 043 :: Economic Reforms And
Economic Reforms and Constitutional Transition The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Sachs, Jeffrey D., Wing Thye Woo, and Xiaokai Yang. “Economic Reforms and Constitutional Transition.” CID Working Paper Series 2000.43, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, April 2000. Published Version https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/cid/publications Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:39525803 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Economic Reforms and Constitutional Transition Jeffrey D. Sachs, Wing Thye Woo and Xiaokai Yang CID Working Paper No. 43 April 2000 Copyright 2000 Jeffrey D. Sachs, Wing Thye Woo and Xiaokai Yang and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Economic Reforms and Constitutional Transition Jeffrey Sachs, Wing Thye Woo and Xiaokai Yang Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between economic reforms and constitutional transition, which has been neglected by many transition economists. It is argued that assessment of reform performance might be very misleading if it is not recognized that economic reforms are just a small part of large scale of constitutional transition. Rivalry and competition between states and between political forces within each country are the driving forces for constitutional transition. We use Russia as an example of economic reforms associated with constitutional transition and China as an example of economic reforms in the absence of constitutional transition to examine features and problems in the two patterns of transition. -
Market Led Industrialization and Globalization
Journal of Economic Integration 17(2), June 2002; 223-242 Market Led Industrialization and Globalization Jeffrey Sachs Harvard University Xiaokai Yang Monash University Abstract The paper introduces asymmetric production conditions between firms and asymmetric transaction conditions between countries into the Murphy-Shleifer- Vishny model of industrialization. It explores a general equilibrium mechanism that generates circular causation loop that each firm’s profitability and its decision of involvement in a network of industrial linkages is determined by the size of the network, while the network size is in turn determined by all firms' decisions of participation. It shows that the very function of the market is to network relevant self-interested decision-makers and to utilize the network effects of industrialization, though this function is not perfect. Hence, market led industrialization will gradually spread until the whole world economy is integrated in a single network of trade and industrial linkages as trading efficiency is improved. This paper devises a new approach to specifying zero profit condition for a marginal modern firm, while keeping original feedback loop between positive profit and the extent of the market of the MSV model. Hence, this new method and the trade off between economies of scale and transaction costs can be used to endogenize the number of modern sectors, thereby increasing applicability of this type of models. • JEL Classifications: D30, F10, O10 •Key Words: income distribution, division of labor, dual structure, economic development, trade pattern, economies of scale, network effect of industrial linkage. *Corresponding address: Xiaokai Yang, Department of Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. Australia 3800, Tel: +613-9905-2448, Fax: +613-9905-5499, E-mail: [email protected], Jeffrey Sachs, Center for International Development, Harvard University, 79 J.F. -
David Schmeidler, Professor
David Schmeidler, Professor List of Publications and Discussion Papers: Articles in Journals David Schmeidler, Competitive equilibria in markets with a continuum of traders and incomplete preferences, Econometrica, Vol. 37, 578-86 (1969). David Schmeidler, The nucleolus of a characteristic function game, SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol. 17, 1163-70 (1969). David Schmeidler, Fatou's Lemma in several dimensions, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 24, 300-6 (1970). David Schmeidler, A condition for the completeness of partial preference relations, Econometrica, Vol. 39, 403-4 (1971). David Schmeidler, Cores of exact games, I, J. Math. Anal. and Appl., Vol. 40, 214- 25 (1972). David Schmeidler, On set correspondences into uniformly convex Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 34, 97-101(1972). David Schmeidler, A remark on the core of an atomless economy, Econometrica, Vol. 40, 579-80 (1972). David Schmeidler and Karl Vind, Fair net trades, Econometrica, Vol. 40, 637-42 (1972). Jaques Dreze, Joan Gabszewicz, David Schmeidler and Karl Vind, Cores and prices in an exchange economy with an atomless sector, Econometrica, Vol. 40, 1091-108 (1972). David Schmeidler, Equilibrium points of non-atomic games, Journal of Statistical Physics, Vol. 7, 295-301 (1973). Werner Hildenbrand, David Schmeidler and Shmuel Zamir, Existence of approximate equilibria and cores, Econometrica, Vol. 41, 1159-66 (1973). Elisha A. Pazner and David Schmeidler, A difficulty in the concept of fairness, Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 41, 441-3 (1974). Elisha A. Pazner and David Schmeidler, Competitive analysis under complete ignorance, International Economic Review, Vol. 16, 246-57 (1975). Elisha A. Pazner and David Schmeidler, Social contract theory and ordinal distributive equity, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. -
The Fall of the Old Guards: Explaining Decentralization in China1
The Fall of the Old Guards: Explaining Decentralization in China1 Mingxing Liu, Institute of Education Finance, Peking University Victor Shih, School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, UC San Diego Dong Zhang, Department of Political Science, Northwestern University Contacts of Corresponding author: Victor Shih [email protected] (206)940-6497 School of Global Strategy and Policy University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0519 La Jolla, CA 92093-0519 1 We would like to thank Mary Gallagher and members of the University of Michigan China Workshop, as well as Scott Gehlbach and Pierre Landry for invaluable suggestions. All mistakes are our own. 1 A key question in the federalism literature is whether mechanisms besides a credible constitution can prevent predatory central authorities from altering or reneging on federalist arrangements, at least in the medium term. This question is especially relevant to explaining the vibrant economic growth China saw in the 1980s and 1990s, even though it had been a one-party authoritarian regime throughout that period and beyond. Both economists and political scientists argue that economic decentralization provided a key to China’s economic successes. However, given the weak force of the constitution and the hierarchical nature of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), it remains unclear how China’s authoritarian leaders credibly committed to decentralization (Cai and Treisman 2006). In authoritarian regimes, political shocks that radically alter the composition of the elite can reorient elite policy preferences, thus committing the government to a particular policy direction in the medium term. We show that the Cultural Revolution in China (1966-1976) was such a political shock, which led to the purge of most senior level central officials from their government and party positions. -
LARRY SAMUELSON June, 2019
LARRY SAMUELSON June, 2019 Department of Economics (203)-432-6737 Yale University [email protected] 30 Hillhouse Avenue Hew Haven, CT 06520-8281 EDUCATION Ph.D. University of Illinois Urbana, IL Economics 8/78 M.A. University of Illinois Urbana, IL Economics 8/77 B.A. University of Illinois Urbana, IL Econ/Pol Sci. 5/74 EMPLOYMENT Yale University, New Haven, CT 4/08 – present, A. Douglas Melamed Professor of Economics 7/07 – present, Professor of Economics The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 7/98 – 4/08, Hilldale Professor of Economics 7/95 – 4/08, Antoine Augustin Cournot Professor of Economics 8/90 – 4/08, Professor of Economics The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 7/85 - 7/90 Professor of Economics and Member, Operations Research Faculty (1/87 - 6/88 On Leave as Visiting Professor of Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL) 9/82 - 7/85 Associate Professor of Economics and Member, Operations Research Faculty Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 9/79 - 8/82 Assistant Professor of Economics The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 9/78 - 9/79 Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Fellowships: Economic Theory Fellow, Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory, 2012 Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011 Fellow, Econometric Society, 1994 Membership on editorial boards: Econometrica, 1998-2004 Economic Theory, 1995-2004 Games and Economic Behavior, 1993-2009 - 1 - International Journal of Game Theory, 1993-2004 Journal of Economic Literature 1995-2004 Journal